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This study develops an OpenCV-based color recognition system to support individuals with color blindness, aiming to enhance their independence in recognizing colors. The User-Centered Design (UCD) methodology was employed, allowing direct user feedback for development tailored to their needs. The developed system showed significant capability in detecting and identifying colors with a camera and analyzing them using OpenCV. The system provides text output to facilitate use by color-blind individuals and has been tested across various lighting conditions and devices. However, there is still potential for improvement, especially in dealing with fluctuations in extreme lighting conditions and integrating voice output for better auditory assistance. Recommendations for further development include the integration of voice recognition, improvements to the color detection algorithm, and further testing with a diverse user group. This will enhance the system's functionality, accuracy, and accessibility for everyone, particularly those suffering from color blindness.

This study explores the comparative analysis of civil rights between citizens and non-citizens, examining various regulations and their implementation in different countries. Citizenship often determines an individual's access to various civil rights, such as property ownership, access to justice, and contract rights. These differences in treatment can create injustices and discrimination against non-citizens. The study employs a normative legal approach with comparative and case study methodologies, focusing on regulations in Indonesia, the United States, Germany, and Japan. The findings reveal that in Indonesia, non-citizens face restrictions on property ownership, while in the United States and Japan, although regulations are more flexible, there are still limitations related to strategic or sensitive properties. In Germany, immigrants and asylum seekers often encounter greater legal barriers to accessing justice. Conversely, in countries like the United Kingdom and the United States, although there are no formal restrictions on contracts for non-citizens, they may face practical difficulties in accessing the necessary services to fulfill contractual obligations. The study recommends the need for more inclusive legal reforms to reduce inequalities and discrimination, and to enhance access to justice and civil rights for non-citizens. Additionally, strengthening legal aid services and international cooperation in civil law are suggested to ensure fair protection of rights for all individuals. The findings contribute significantly to the international civil law literature and provide valuable insights for policymakers in developing more equitable and sustainable policies in the era of globalization.

Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship of stress and physical activity with the occurrence of fluor albus (vaginal discharge) in young women in vocational high schools.Methods: This study uses a cross-correlation correlation design. The population of this research is vocational high school students on January 17, 2020involving a sample of 76 respondents. Data obtained by structured interviews, stress research instruments using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21)questionnaire, physical activity questionnaire and vaginal discharge questionnaire. Data analysis using chi square test.Results:Based on the results of the study found 40respondents (52.6%) experienced vaginal discharge,and 36 respondents (47.4%) did not experience vaginal discharge. After doing the chi square test, the p value stress is 0.001 <0.005, and the physical activity with the value of p value is 0.001 <0.005,which means that stress and physical activity have a significant relationship.Conclusion: From this study there is a significant relationship between stress and physical activity with the incidence of fluor albus in girls in vocational school.

The phenomenon of sibling rivalry and its impacts encourage the need for efforts to prevent it. The purpose of the study was to describe the characteristics of pregnant women, the level of knowledge of pregnant women about sibling rivalry, the level of behaviour of pregnant women in preventing sibling rivalry, and analyze the relationship between knowledge of pregnant women and behaviour in preventing sibling rivalry. The research method used a quantitative approach with a correlational type. The population was pregnant women who had children aged a maximum of 3 years and checked their pregnancy at the Kagok Semarang Health Center. The number of samples was 63 people. The side technique used total sampling. Data were obtained using a questionnaire and then analyzed with descriptive statistics and the Fisher exact test, a statistical test used to determine if there are nonrandom associations between two categorical variables. The results of the study were the characteristics of pregnant women, the majority aged 20-35 years, parity less than or equal to 3 births, high school education, working and family income according to the UMR. The level of knowledge of pregnant women about sibling rivalry tended to be less good, and the level of behaviour of pregnant women in preventing sibling rivalry tended to be quite good. There was a very significant relationship between knowledge of pregnant women and behaviour in preventing sibling rivalry (chi-square = 49.810 and p <0.05). The conclusion is that pregnant women's knowledge is a factor in preventing sibling rivalry behaviour.

The digitalization of the banking sector, driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, has significantly impacted the ease of financial transactions through digital banking services. However, this progress also creates vulnerabilities to cybercrimes, particularly phishing, which aims to steal customers' personal data via fake websites or messages. This article examines relevant legal frameworks, including Law No. 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions (EIT Law), the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP), and regulations issued by the Financial Services Authority (OJK), such as POJK No. 12/POJK.03/2018 on Digital Banking Services. Employing a normative qualitative approach, the study explores the legal protection available to customers as phishing victims and the responsibilities of banks in preventing and addressing such threats. This article recommends strengthening banks' technological security systems, enhancing customers' digital literacy, and enforcing laws more effectively to establish secure and reliable digital banking services.  

Improving community welfare is the main goal, of course, and one of the main goals of CSR. Companies can help and improve communities in social, cultural, economic, and physical areas by carrying out corporate social responsibility. By doing so, they can make the community feel helped in improving their welfare If someone offers them help, they tend to see it positively because it is evidence of gratitude and empathy shown. The use of appropriate theories to study community empowerment and capacity building of the River School, including community empowerment through CSR programs, River Schools as a model of environmental education, the role of PLN CSR in environmental education at River Schools, early environmental awareness through CSR and River Schools, the impact of CSR programs on community empowerment and independence. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study of community empowerment through PLN CSR to explore early environmental awareness The location of this research was carried out in Gunung Anyar Tambak Village Rt.01 Rw.01 Surabaya, which is an area used by Bank Sampah by PT. PLN (Persero). The PLN CSR program involving various parties in environmental education has a positive impact on shaping the mindset of the community who are more concerned about environmental sustainability. Awareness built early on, especially in children and adolescents, is expected to produce a generation that is more responsive to environmental issues. Counseling involving schools in this sub-district has proven effective in building a deeper understanding, which can then be passed on to their families. Therefore, it is important for PLN to continue to assist the community, provide adequate facilities and infrastructure, and provide incentives or awards for those who succeed in protecting the environment and managing resources wisely.

The ability to read the Qur'an is an essential skill that every Muslim should possess. However, current trends show a decline in Qur'anic literacy levels in Indonesia. According to data, about 65% of Muslims in Indonesia are still unable to read the Qur'an. One way to address this issue is by implementing an effective Qur'anic learning method. This community service program uses a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, actively involving students, religious teachers, and school staff. Over the course of six months, 45 female students participated in Qur'anic learning using the Tilawati method. The evaluation results showed a 75% improvement in their Qur'anic reading ability, with 85% of the students able to read the Qur'an correctly and in accordance with tajwid rules. Additionally, the program successfully formed independent study groups and created local leaders among the students. The implementation of the Tilawati method also had a positive impact on the family environment, strengthened the school's commitment to Qur'anic literacy programs, and encouraged a shift in the students' mindset toward Qur'anic learning. The sustainability of this program is ensured through the establishment of an organizational structure and a systematic evaluation mechanism.

The development of technology and information is increasingly rapid. This of course requires the ability of students to face and anticipate it. One of the abilities that students must have is literacy. However, in fact, students in Indonesia still really need strengthening in the field of literacy. Various existing surveys show that these two capabilities have not experienced significant improvement. The same thing was also experienced by students at SMA Negeri 6 Purworejo. For this reason, a comprehensive and continuous effort is needed to improve this capability. Based on these situations and conditions, the Muhammadiyah University Purworejo Service Team built a collaboration with SMA Negeri 6 Purworejo to improve literacy skills for the school's residents. The theme raised was "Strengthening Literacy for Students, Teachers and Education Personnel at SMA Negeri 6 Purworejo". The activity begins with activity planning. Then, it continued with socialization activities and presentation of literacy strengthening strategies that could be carried out at the school. This activity was attended by approximately 300 students, 20 teachers and 12 education staff on October 25 2024 at the Outdoor High School 6 Purworejo. Strengthening strategies that must be implemented by SMA Negeri 6 Purworejo to strengthen literacy include: providing a literacy-friendly physical environment, getting used to reading 15 minutes before the first hour of learning begins, optimizing the role/function of the library, making visits to bookstores, optimizing corners. reading in every classroom, optimizing a school literacy team, and carrying out regular evaluations and follow-ups related to the literacy program that has been implemented.

Papua Province remains at the top in addressing illiteracy issues. The Community Literacy Development Index (IPLM) in Papua Province stands at 20.02, significantly lower than the national IPLM average of 64.48. In 2022, it was reported that the literacy rate among individuals aged 15–59 in Papua Province was 81.53%, indicating that nearly 20% of this age group in the province is still unable to read, write, or perform basic arithmetic.  According to the head of the South Papua Province Education and Culture Office, over 36,252 children who should be attending primary to senior high school are either out of school or have dropped out. Merauke Regency contributes the highest numbers compared to other regencies. The purpose of this community service initiative is to provide literacy and numeracy (calistung) education to children who have dropped out or never attended school. The implementation method comprises three stages: planning, execution, and evaluation.The results of three months of calistung teaching at *Bevak Pintar* showed significant improvement in the reading, writing, and arithmetic skills of children who had dropped out of school or had never attended school.

Islamic education plays a strategic role in shaping the morality of individuals and society. Based on the teachings of the Qur'an and Sunnah, Islamic education not only delivers religious knowledge but also builds Islamic character rooted in the values of tauhid (oneness of God), hablum minallah (relationship with God), and hablum minannas (relationship with others). This study analyzes literature to explore the relevance of Islamic education in addressing the challenges of modernization and globalization. The findings show that Islamic education remains crucial as a foundation of morality by integrating spiritual, social, and technological values into the learning process. Active learning methods like PAKEM have proven effective in enhancing students' moral understanding, while communities play a vital role in supporting the success of value-based Islamic education. The main challenge is to keep Islamic education relevant by adapting to social changes, technological advancements, and local and global needs. Therefore, collaboration among educators, educational institutions, and society is essential to sustain Islamic education as a strong moral foundation in the modern era.

Child abuse in Indonesia, particularly in Bintan, shows a concerning upward trend. This study aims to analyze the efforts of the Women's Empowerment, Child Protection, Population Control, and Family Planning Agency (DP3KB) in preventing and addressing cases of violence against children. The research method employed is empirical research, collecting primary data through interviews and observations, as well as secondary data from relevant literature. Findings indicate that DP3KB has implemented prevention programs that include socialization of children's rights and campaigns for reporting violence, although it still faces challenges such as limited resources and lack of inter-agency coordination. The implications of this research highlight the importance of cross-sector collaboration and increased community awareness to protect children from violence. By understanding the steps taken by DP3KB, it is hoped that this can contribute to child protection efforts and the handling of violence cases in Bintan Regency.

Regional cooperation agreements are not something new, these regional cooperation agreements have a positive impact in improving people's welfare which makes this cooperation based on considerations of efficiency and effectiveness of public services that are mutually beneficial. In practice, there are problems that often arise in regional cooperation agreements. In this research, we want to examine in more depth the flow of implementing regional cooperation agreements and also want to examine what factors cause the failure or non-performance of a regional cooperation agreement with the Sumenep Regency Government. The results of this research are that the stages in regional cooperation agreements are regulated in Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 22 of 2020 article 6. And the problems that often arise are 1) The cooperation agreement that will be carried out is not accompanied by a draft of a mutual agreement between the regent and the leadership of the party that will collaborate. 2) Most of the articles on rights and obligations as well as financing have not found common ground so that the draft text of the cooperation agreement that has been discussed has not yet been signed. 3) The draft cooperation agreement that was prepared several times is not in accordance with the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation on Procedures for Regional Cooperation with Other Regions and Regional Cooperation with Third Parties.

This research examines issues related to citizenship and criminal responsibility in the context of international courts, with a focus on how these challenges influence law enforcement processes. Through a case study-based qualitative analysis approach and a review of recent literature, this research explores how dual citizenship, the political status of perpetrators, and globalization influence jurisdiction and justice in international courts. Case studies analyzed include The Prosecutor v. Al-Bashir and The Prosecutor v. Dominic Ongwen, who shows how these issues hamper international courts' efforts to enforce the law. The findings of this research underscore the need for reform in the international legal system, including legal harmonization, reform of extradition mechanisms, and increased coordination between courts. This research also highlights the importance of continuous education and training for international law officials to face new challenges in the era of globalization.

This study examines the interpretation of verbal and visual signs in the cutscenes of the video game Elden Ring. Semiotics, the study of signs and their meanings, provides the framework for analyzing these cinematic elements. Video games often embed narrative clues within visual and verbal signs, but players frequently overlook them, particularly during cutscenes, which interrupts gameplay to deliver critical story content. This research focuses on the main boss cutscenes in Elden Ring, which integrate environmental storytelling and visual signs to convey the lore of The Lands Between. Utilizing Peirce’s theory of signs and Barthes’ theory of meaning, the study identifies and classifies visual signs—icons, indices, and symbols—within the cutscenes to interpret their narrative significance. The data is derived from eight main boss cutscenes recorded during gameplay and supplemented by external visual references. A qualitative approach was employed, encompassing data collection through documentation, detailed visual analysis, and descriptive presentation of findings. Results indicate that Elden Ring’s cutscenes are rich with embedded signs that enhance the storytelling experience, though their nuanced meanings often require active interpretation and community discussion. This research underscores the importance of cutscenes in contributing to the depth and immersion of the game’s narrative.

Educational administration is the entire process of working together by utilizing all available and needed resources to achieve educational goals that have been set effectively and efficiently. Educational administration is basically administration in processing, organizing and allocating the resources contained in the world of education. Facilities are all the facilities needed in the teaching and learning process, both moving and immovable, so that educational goals can be achieved and run smoothly, regularly, effectively and efficiently. Meanwhile, the definition of infrastructure is facilities that indirectly support the course of the educational process, such as; yard, garden or school garden, road to school, school rules, and so on. Administration of educational facilities and infrastructure is something that really supports the achievement of the goals of education, as education personnel we are required to master and understand the administration of facilities and infrastructure, to increase effective and efficient work power and be able to respect the work ethics of fellow educational personnel, so that harmony and comfort will be created which can create pride and a sense of belonging from both the school community and the surrounding community.

During the glory of Islamic Civilization we encountered many influential Islamic figures who were able to master knowledge in various fields and branches of science. Many discussions werw studied by these figures. According to him, this allows us to examine the things that form the struggle of the ilama to essure that islamic value are always maintained and can entar into people’s lives, especially their application in the realm of education, this is often a factor in the development and decline of Islam in that era. Examining the understanding of knowledge from the these figures can open up insight inti the study of Islamic education that spread during the glorious era of Islam. One of them is about an Islamic sociological philosopher whose work is considered very fascinating. This research is qualitative research using research using literature review (Library Research). The source of data collection is related book literature and journal. In this research, the aouthor examines the realm of educational development according to Ibnu Khaldun. He was the one who succeeded in reviving intelectual thought in Islam in the Middle Ages.

This study explores the integration of knowledge and religion within Islamic education, focusing on the development of models that connect both domains. Utilizing a qualitative-descriptive approach, the research analyzes various integration models, including the justification of knowledge through Quranic verses, collaboration between science and religion, and the reconstruction of knowledge within Islam. The findings indicate that the integration of knowledge and religion not only enhances students' academic understanding but also shapes their character and morals in alignment with Islamic values. The study also identifies challenges faced in implementing integration models and provides recommendations for developing a more comprehensive curriculum. Thus, this research contributes to the understanding of the significance of integrating knowledge and religion in fostering an educated and ethical generation.  

The purpose of this paper is to study the process of processing approval letters for loading dangerous goods and the obstacles at the Dumai Class I Harbormaster and Port Authority Office at PT. Sinar Maritim Anugerah Dumai Branch. In writing the paper the author used field observation methods (Field Research) and library methods (Library Research) related to the subject matter taken. In the ship agency, the company carries out activities to process permits for unloading dangerous goods. Processing the approval letter for loading dangerous goods goes through several stages starting from making an application letter for loading dangerous goods by the ship agent, paying Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP) or PUP for one activity, completing the requirements attached to the application for permission to unload dangerous goods , permission to load dangerous goods from the loading port, B/L and manifest. Then hand it over to the administrative and administrative division for issuing permits for loading and unloading dangerous goods and then hand it over to the Head of Harbormaster and Port Authority (KSOP) for signing. The obstacles faced by companies in processing permits to load dangerous goods consist of obstacles from the company and at the harbormaster's office. On the other hand, in the process of processing permits to load dangerous goods, companies pay more attention to the accuracy of staff to avoid mistakes in completing the requirements for processing permits to load dangerous goods.  

Pancasila, as the foundation of the Indonesian state, plays a crucial role in the formation of law, including customary law. This research focuses on how Pancasila’s values serve as a basis for the recognition and development of customary law, which is still acknowledged within the national legal system. The urgency of this study lies in finding a common ground between national law and customary law to strengthen a just rule of law. The research method used is a normative approach, analyzing legislation and legal literature. The results indicate that Pancasila can function as a foundation for harmonizing customary law and national law, thus reinforcing Indonesia’s plural legal identity. The conclusion is that Pancasila, as the state’s foundational philosophy, provides space for the existence of customary law, as long as it aligns with the core values of Pancasila.  

Illegal Cigarette Fighting Operation is an organized, coordinated, simultaneous and massive operation or strategy from upstream to downstream to eradicate the circulation of illegal cigarettes. This research aims to describe the effectiveness of the Illegal Cigarette Gempur Operation in Pekanbaru City and to determine the factors inhibiting the effectiveness of the Illegal Cigarette Gempur Operation in Pekanbaru City using Campbell's theory of effectiveness in Mutiarin (2021) which is seen from the aspects of program success, target success, program satisfaction, level input And output and achieving overall goals. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The results of this research show that the Operation to Fight Illegal Cigarettes in Pekanbaru City is still not effective. This can be seen from several indicators of effectiveness which show that stalls that have been prosecuted are still selling illegal cigarettes, the Illegal Cigarette Fighting Operation has not been carried out thoroughly in Pekanbaru City so there are still stalls that have not been prosecuted and illegal cigarettes are still circulating as well as awareness or participation. the community in supporting the implementation of Operation Combat Illegal Cigarettes by reporting if there are still minimal finds of illegal cigarettes in their surroundings. The inhibiting factors in the effectiveness of the Illegal Cigarette Fighting Operation in Pekanbaru City are limited Human Resources (HR), resistance from the community, public knowledge and the development of smuggling modes. The suggestion from this research is that there is a need for an educational campaign that touches all levels of society, the imposition of stricter sanctions to provide a deterrent effect and an increase in the frequency of more massive enforcement.