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This research aims to understand in depth about mathematics and how teaching aids in learning, especially in mathematics subjects, help students understand abstract mathematical concepts. The literature study method (qualitative approach) in this research was also used for the ability to obtain information from various sources related to mathematics learning theory, the benefits of using teaching aids, and so on. This research also briefly explains how behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism can enable students to build their understanding by increasing motivation by teachers and ensuring that the teaching aids used are effective both over time and in the learning process.

Character education is a systematic effort that aims to shape an individuals personality holistically, including moral, ethical and noble values aspects that are important for social life. In its implementation, character education is integrated into various subjects, extracurricural activities, and the school environment that supports the creation of an educational atmosphere that encourages good character development. This research aims to investigate character value and the impact of character education as well as challenges in implementing character education using qualitative research methods, which use article review. Based on the method use to gain an understanding of character education material through journal sources, articles and also objects relevant to the research. The research results include: (1) Definition of character education, (2) Objectives of character education, (3) Benefits of character education, (4) Main values in character education, (5) Challenges in character education, (6) Methods of implementing education character, (7) Character education in the digital era.

This qualitative literature review titled "The Power of Sequence: A Qualitative Analysis of Consumer Targeting and Spillover Effects in Social Media Advertising" investigates the strategic interplay between consumer targeting, the sequencing of advertisements, and the resultant spillover effects within social media marketing. As social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter continue to evolve as vital advertising channels, understanding how to optimize consumer engagement through targeted strategies is essential for brands aiming to maximize their advertising returns. This review synthesizes existing literature on consumer behavior, advertisement sequencing, and information diffusion to establish a comprehensive framework for enhancing the effectiveness of social media campaigns. Findings indicate that strategic sequencing of advertisements can significantly enhance click-through rates and conversions by leveraging positive spillover effects. Moreover, the review identifies best practices for targeting specific demographic groups and suggests that an optimal sequence can lead to substantial budget savings in advertising expenditures. This study contributes valuable insights for marketers seeking to refine their social media advertising strategies and improve overall campaign performance, paving the way for future research in this rapidly evolving field.

Distribution channels in a company play a very important role in ensuring that products or services produced by producers can reach final consumers efficiently and effectively. CV. Merauke Indah is one of the Sub Distributors located in Eastern Indonesia, namely in South Papua.  The recommended alternative to overcome these obstacles is to increase accessibility to remote areas. Collaborate with local logistics service providers such as SIKI express expeditions. The efficiency in logistics management. Optimize delivery routes to determine the most efficient path based on road and weather conditions to be more efficient. Regular market surveys can also be carried out to understand consumer needs in various regions and adjust stock in the warehouse according to the survey results. Improving distribution channels is also an important part. CV. Merauke Indah is advised to use multimodal transportation that combines land, sea, and air routes to overcome infrastructure limitations. Building warehouses in strategic locations such as Boven Diguel Regency and Mappi Regency will also speed up distribution and reduce dependence on poor road conditions.

This research aims to determine the influence of company size, Return On Equity, and Debt to Equity Ratio on company value in the property and real estate sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2019 - 2022. The method in this research is a quantitative method, namely analyzing and testing data using numbers with descriptive statistical test tools, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression tests, hypothesis tests, and determination tests. Research Results: firm size partially has no negative but significant effect on firm value, Return On Equity partially has a negative and significant effect on firm value, Debt to Equity Ratio partially has no effect but significant on firm value, the firm size, Return On Equity, and Debt to Equity Ratio simultaneously and significantly influence firm value.

The main cause of maternal mortality is bleeding (28%), as well as SDKI 2012 data shows that the highest cause of maternal mortality is bleeding (42%). This is due to three delays that occur, namely being late in recognizing the danger signs and making decisions; late arrival at health facilities; and late in getting services at health facilities. These three delays can be prevented by providing knowledge and understanding to pregnant women about danger signs in childbirth, if you experience immediately coming to the health center or health workers so that delays can be prevented, you immediately get help which can ultimately reduce the case of your death. The purpose of the activity is to increase the understanding and ability of pregnant women to recognize the danger signs of pregnancy early, immediately seek help so that mothers and babies are safe and have an impact on decreasing the Maternal Mortality Rate. The service method used in its implementation is the stage of preparation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of activities. The results of the activity were obtained to increase the knowledge of mothers and families about the danger signs in pregnancy, early detection of prevention and early actions that must be taken/handled to prevent maternal and child deaths.

TB is one of the 10 causes of death and the primary cause of infectious agents in the world. The prevalence of tuberculosis patients in 2020 amounted to 929 patients. Some of the influencing factors are behavioral factors, namely knowledge, attitude and behavior in the implementation of routine medication compliance. The method used was observational descriptive with 30 participants who were residents of Sampali Village, Percut Sei Tuan District. The PkM team provided the material in question: 1) Definition of tuberculosis disease, 2) Causes of tuberculosis disease, 3) Signs and symptoms of tuberculosis disease, 4) Complications of tuberculosis disease, and 5) Prevention of tuberculosis disease. After the implementation of the activity: 1) The majority of the understanding of tuberculosis (TB) is good as many as 25 people, 2) The causes of tuberculosis (TB) are mostly good as many as 27 people, 3) The signs and symptoms of tuberculosis (TB) are mostly good as many as 26 people, 4) The majority of tuberculosis (TB) complications are good as many as 27 people, and 5) Prevention of correct transmission of tuberculosis (TB) all participants have been able to as many as 27 people. The increase in knowledge and skills of participants is because the community has a great desire to treat and prevent dengue fever in family members at home.

This community service aims to develop new Girilayu Batik motifs that combine traditional elements with modern designs, and apply them to fashion and home decor products. Through a series of stages, starting from motif development, prototyping, to market testing, this Community Service has succeeded in producing products that are well received by consumers. The results of the market test show that this new motif not only increases the aesthetic appeal but also the selling value of Girilayu Batik products. The training provided to batik artisans improves their skills in applying new motifs, as well as involving the younger generation in preserving the batik tradition. Marketing strategies through digital catalogs, company profile videos, and other digital platforms have proven effective in expanding market reach. However, this community service identified challenges in technology adaptation by artisans and international market penetration. Overall, motif innovation and product diversification are important strategic steps to maintain the relevance and competitiveness of Girilayu Batik in an increasingly competitive market.

This study aims to develop a Work Discipline Training Program (P3K) in the Paluta Education Office environment. The problems studied are 1) How is the level of work discipline of employees in the Paluta Education Office environment? 2) How is the quality of service in the Paluta Education Office? 3) How is the performance of administrative staff in the Paluta Education Office? The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection is done through interviews, observation, and document study. The results showed that the level of work discipline of employees in the Paluta Education Office still needs to be improved, especially in the aspect of attendance and compliance with regulations. The quality of service in the Paluta Education Office is also not optimal, with public complaints regarding the slow administrative process. The performance of administrative staff still needs to be improved, especially in communication skills and mastery of information technology. This research resulted in the design of a Work Discipline Training Program (P3K) which is expected to improve discipline, service quality, and employee performance in the Paluta Education Office environment.

This study aims to create a fun learning environment to increase student activity in the third grade at SDN Gempol Kolot 2. The study used a classroom action research method with two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The results showed a significant increase in student activity after the implementation of more fun and interactive learning. In the first cycle, student participation in class discussions was only 60%, while in the second cycle it increased to 85%. Involvement in group activities also increased from 65% to 90%, and responses to learning materials increased from 55% to 80%. Additionally, students showed an increase in the desire to ask questions, rising from 50% to 75%. This study concludes that a fun learning environment can enhance student activity, positively influencing the quality of learning.

This study aims to conduct a literature review examining the influence of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on job satisfaction and employee performance. Through a thorough analysis of relevant literature, this article presents significant findings from previous research. The analysis of three relevant journals reveals that OCB has a significant positive influence on job satisfaction. When employees voluntarily engage in OCB behaviors that go beyond their formal job responsibilities, it tends to enhance their job satisfaction. Additionally, OCB is positively related to employee performance. Employees who engage in OCB behaviors tend to achieve better performance in various aspects of their work. In the context of education, OCB also plays a crucial role in improving teacher performance and creating a productive learning environment. Previous studies have shown that teacher OCB behaviors, such as assisting fellow teachers, providing emotional support to students, and actively participating in extracurricular activities, contribute to enhanced teacher performance and student academic achievement. This article provides an in-depth understanding of the importance of OCB in enhancing job satisfaction and employee performance. To create a positive and productive work environment, organizations need to encourage and appreciate OCB behaviors through recognition, appreciation, and increased participation opportunities. Although previous research findings demonstrate a positive relationship between OCB, job satisfaction, and employee performance, it is important to note that further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the factors influencing OCB and the best strategies for fostering OCB behaviors in the workplace. Through a greater understanding of OCB, organizations can create a positive and empowering work environment where employees feel satisfied with their jobs and achieve optimal performance.

This study aims to analyze the effect of integrating the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) approach in science education on students' creativity and problem-solving abilities at SMPN 1 Cigombong. The STEM approach was implemented to provide an integrated learning experience, allowing students to connect science concepts with technology, engineering, and mathematics. The research method used is classroom action research (CAR), conducted in two cycles, with observation, tests, and interviews as instruments for data collection. The results showed that the implementation of the STEM approach improved students' creativity and problem-solving skills, as well as facilitated students in applying science concepts in daily life. Furthermore, students also demonstrated an increase in collaboration and communication skills. These findings contribute to the development of more relevant learning methods that meet the demands of 21st-century education in secondary schools.

This study aims to identify the factors influencing the low achievement motivation of Grade X students at SMKS Reformasi. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, data were collected through interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The findings reveal that social support from teachers and parents significantly impacts students' motivation. However, a lack of recognition for achievements, insufficient learning challenges, and the relevance of learning to career goals pose major barriers to improving student motivation. This study provides recommendations for strategies to create a more conducive learning climate, structured rewards, and learning aligned with students' needs.

Community service activity on "Getting to Know Medicine More Closely with the Children of the Manarul Mabrur Orphanage" located on Pudak Umbrella, Banyumanik, Semarang, Central Java. The aim of this community service activity is to spread knowledge and be able to improve the quality of life and daily behavior to the wider community, including the children of the orphanage. This education is provided using education methods to the children of the orphanage. The first is education about what forms of drug preparation there are and the second is education about how many categories of drugs there are and the third is education about the use/method of consuming drugs and storing drugs, then the next activity continues with questions and answers and a pretest was held before the presentation of the material and a posttest after the presentation of the material for all children at the orphanage.  Before the education, the level of knowledge was quite good, but after the presentation of the educational material, the level of knowledge was very good. In this case, students are able to understand the material that has been presented and increase the knowledge of the children of the orphanage.

Putra Andalas Samudera is a company that operates in the field of domestic and overseas agents, PT. Putra Andalas Samudera provides ship entry and exit licensing services, certificate extensions, and management of sign on and sign off seafarers' books. The data collection methods used by the author in writing this paper are the field observation method (field research) and the library research method. This paper aims to determine the process of managing the sign on/off book for ship crew sailors at PT. Putra Andalas Samudera, the process began after a direction from the owner that there would be a crew change activity, after that the process of signing on the crew's seaman's book went to the KSOP class 1 Dumai office. Signing on/off in the sailor's crew book is very important for a seafarer, apart from being a sign that the seafarer has legally joined the ship, it also adds to the seafarer's work experience. The problems faced in the process of signing on/off the crew sailor's book were the delay in information from the owner to sign on the crew's sailor's book which resulted in hampering the clearance process. Good cooperation and coordination between shipping companies and related agencies in signing on/off seafarers' books is very necessary for smooth service to crew document handlers. It is important to remember that the purpose of coordination is so that the relevant agencies can carry out their duties and functions smoothly, safely and efficiently.    

Field Work Practice (PKL) or also known as Innovation Development (PI) is a service activity of STIE Madani Balikpapan students to the community, especially to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The MSME target for the Innovation Development Program in this group is AA Bakery and Cake which is located in RT 01 Mekarsari sub-district, Central Balikpapan District. The aim of this PI activity is to assist in creating innovation in terms of improving business branding in order to increase brand awareness among customers as well as assisting in creating digital financial reports.

Hypertension is one of the main health problems faced by people around the world, including Indonesia. Hypertension is known as a "silent killer" because it often does not show symptoms until it reaches a serious stage. At the Tamansari Health Center in Tasikmalaya City, hypertension is the highest disease most suffered by the community with a total of 586 cases from January to October 2024. The high prevalence of hypertension in the Tamansari Health Center work area, a prevention and control program is needed through screening or early detection programs and counseling about hypertension. The implementation method carried out in this community service is to provide information using the lecture or counseling method. To measure public knowledge, pre-test and post-test are carried out. In addition to providing counseling, this activity also provides basic health checks. Based on the results obtained, there was a difference in the level of community knowledge before and after the provision of counseling which can be seen from the difference in the average percentage of pre-test and post-test.

Mudharabah contracts are the main type of choice that people are interested in for sharia financing. Mudarabah is an agreement in which an item is sold at cost price plus profit, with the seller obliged to transparently disclose the purchase amount to the buyer, including the profit margin received. This research uses the Literature Review method, namely comparing and analyzing theories that are relevant to the research problem being faced. The aim of the research is to analyze further how the profit sharing ratio is distributed in mudharabah contracts, as well as analyze what sharia principles are applied during the mudharabah agreement process so that there are no misperceptions when the contract is agreed to take place. Of the research can provide information regarding the mechanism for distributing the ratio for the proceeds of mudharabah contracts and are expected to be able to apply sharia principles at the time of the contract.

In the era of globalisation and rapid technological development, developing the competencies of teachers and education staff is key to improving the quality of education. This article discusses various strategies for competency development in education human resource management (HRM), with a focus on teachers and education staff. Adopting an evidence-based approach identifies effective methods for training and professional development, including the utilisation of technology, online courses, and experiential learning. In addition, it explores the critical role of constructive feedback and continuous evaluation in the competency development process. The research underscores the importance of integration between HRM theory and daily educational practice to achieve optimal results. The results of this article are expected to provide practical guidance for educational institutions in designing effective development programmes to improve teacher and staff performance and advance the education system as a whole.

Breast milk (breast milk) is the best nutrition for babies, the low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is a threat to the growth and development of children, breastfeeding is the right of every mother, and exclusive breastfeeding to newborns is one of the efforts to prevent infectious diseases, malnutrition problems, and infant death. due to many influencing factors, namely the lack of maternal knowledge about breastfeeding, working mothers, lack of support from family, information support from health workers and the surrounding environment. In 2023, in the work area of the Penfui Health Center, there are 177 working mothers who have babies or around 45.45%. The purpose of this study is to analyze factors related to the low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in working mothers in the Penfui Health Center Area. This study is an analytical survey research using the Cross-Sectional method and a sample of 64 respondents. The data of this study was analyzed using the Chi Square test. The results of the study found that there was a significant relationship between maternal knowledge (p=0.046), information exposure (p=0.020), family support (p=0.044), health worker support (p=0.031) and low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding. There was a relationship between maternal occupation (p0.027) and infant health status (p=0.041), age (p=0.326) there was no significant relationship with low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the Penfui Health Center area. The conclusion in this study is that knowledge, information exposure and family support are related to exclusive breastfeeding. and the support of health workers, mothers' work and health status are related to the low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the work area of the Penfui Health Center. Mothers should further increase their awareness and willingness to provide exclusive breastfeeding even though they are busy with work to increase the coverage of Exclusive Breastfeeding.