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The low ability of elementary school students to understand and connect interdisciplinary concepts highlights the need for an integrative and contextual learning approach. The STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) learning model offers a relevant alternative by fostering critical, creative, and collaborative competencies. This article aims to conceptually examine the implementation of STEAM in thematic learning within Indonesian elementary schools and to identify its potential and challenges. The analysis is based on a review of literature from various relevant sources discussing STEAM in primary education. The findings indicate that the STEAM model contributes to the enhancement of students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor competencies, while supporting the development of 21st-century skills. This article recommends teacher training and the development of contextual learning tools to ensure the effective implementation of STEAM at the elementary level.

This research investigates the factors contributing to low understanding of environmental degradation among sixth-grade students at SDN 12 Padang Koto Gadang. The study aims to identify internal and external factors affecting students' comprehension of environmental issues within the IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) curriculum. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with the class teacher, classroom observations, and document analysis of lesson plans and student assessment records. The findings reveal that internal factors include low learning motivation, where students perceive environmental materials as mere memorization tasks, and a significant mismatch between students' kinesthetic-visual learning styles (78%) and the predominantly auditory-lecture teaching methods. External factors encompass conventional teaching approaches dominating 85% of classroom time, limited technological infrastructure, and insufficient interactive learning resources. A paradoxical finding shows that while 70% of students claim environmental concern, only 23% consistently practice eco-friendly behaviors, indicating a substantial gap between cognitive knowledge and behavioral application. The study recommends implementing a hybrid learning model combining Problem-Based Learning with local contexts, utilizing simple nature-based media, and establishing strategic community partnerships. These findings contribute to developing more adaptive and contextual teaching methods aligned with Merdeka Curriculum principles for elementary environmental education.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of natural science laboratory management in improving the quality of practicums in senior high schools. This study uses a literature review approach by examining various academic sources related to laboratory management. The results of the analysis indicate that effective laboratory management includes five main strategies, namely management of equipment, materials, data, laboratory personnel training, and cost budgeting. The success of implementing this strategy depends on the implementation of supporting factors such as work safety, infrastructure quality, personnel capabilities and excellent data management systems. However, there are still many obstacles, including limited facilities and infrastructure, lack of professionals, inadequate budgets, and optimal planning and implementation of practices. Comprehensive improvements in laboratory management are expected to enable learning science to be implemented in a more optimal and sustainable manner.

This article aims to understand the concept of energy sources from an early age in order to increase their awareness of energy use and conservation. However, science learning in elementary schools (SD) often faces problems in delivering complex and abstract materials. This study investigates various innovations in science learning, especially those related to energy sources. In this study, we review the literature on various creative methods for learning, including the use of game media, blended learning, and interactive game tools. The results show that the implementation of these innovations can improve students' desire to learn and their learning outcomes. Therefore, science learning at the elementary level can be assisted by the integration of technology and appropriate learning approaches.

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes through the application of inquiry learning models in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects in class IV MIS An-Nizham Jambi City. The background of this study is based on the low involvement and understanding of students in the IPAS material, as well as the dominance of the lecture method used by teachers in the learning process. This study is a classroom action research (PTK), data was collected through (1) Teacher observation sheets, (2) Student observation sheets, (3) Student learning outcome test questions. Data analysis in this study used the percentage formula. Data analysis in this study used the percentage formula. The increase in student learning outcomes in IPAS learning in cycle I has not reached the Minimum Completion Criteria value that has been set at MIS An-Nizham Jambi City with a percentage value of 74.4% (good category), while when applying the inquiry learning model to Natural and Social Sciences learning in cycle II showed that 25 students with a percentage value of 91.15% were in the very good category and had reached the KKM but 2 more students had not reached the KKM. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that by implementing the inquiry learning model, it can increase teacher and student activities, and can improve student learning outcomes, in Natural and Social Sciences lessons in class IV MIS An-Nizham, Jambi City

Critical thinking skills are essential for every student, especially in today's digital era, where information is spread so freely and without limits. Students need to be taught how to think critically to make the right decisions regarding the information obtained. At school, developing critical thinking skills will help students face increasingly complex challenges. In this case, teachers play a very important role in guiding and educating students to develop these skills well. The objectives of this study are: 1) To find out the role of social studies teachers in improving the critical thinking skills of 8th grade students in the digital era of Ngeri 1 Boyolangu Junior High School. 2) To find out the steps used by social studies teachers to develop critical thinking skills of 8th grade students at Ngeri 1 Boyolangu Junior High School. 3) To find out the inhibiting and supporting factors in developing students' critical thinking skills. The approach used in this research is qualitative. data collection procedures in this study using observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques are carried out through data collection, data reduction, data display, and data verification. Research Results: 1) Teachers play a role in designing lesson plans with varied learning methods, in each method there are discussion activities, teaching by taking real problems in accordance with the reality related to the material in the classroom, familiarizing students to ask, answer, provide input and provide simple solutions related to the problems given.2) Steps to Develop Students' Critical Thinking Skills, including teachers getting students used to asking questions, answering, providing simple solutions related to the problems given. Teachers use digital media, such as PowerPoint and websites, as well as game-based learning, which not only makes learning more interesting but also supports students' critical thinking skills through technology. Teachers provide positive motivation to encourage students to participate more actively in learning. 3) The inhibiting factors include the rapid flow of digital information, “filter bubble,” lack of digital literacy, and low learning independence. Supporting factors include motivation from teachers or parents and students' intellectual development, which encourages exploration of information and a higher learning spirit.

This community service activity aims to optimize the strengthening of teachers' soft skills through the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) based on scientific literacy. Soft skills such as communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and leadership are essential competencies for teachers in creating meaningful and transformative learning. This activity was carried out in several public elementary schools in Bekasi City with a participatory training approach and direct practice-based mentoring. The training materials were designed to integrate scientific literacy with Pancasila values ​​in the context of thematic learning. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in communication skills, collaboration skills, and teacher understanding in applying the dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile into the learning process. In addition, this program also had a positive impact on shaping the professional behavior of teachers who were more reflective, collaborative, and oriented towards strengthening student character. These findings indicate that the integration of scientific literacy within the P5 framework can be an effective strategy in developing teachers' pedagogical competence.

This community service activity aims to optimize the strengthening of teachers' soft skills through the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) based on scientific literacy. Soft skills such as communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and leadership are essential competencies for teachers in creating meaningful and transformative learning. This activity was carried out in several public elementary schools in Bekasi City with a participatory training approach and direct practice-based mentoring. The training materials were designed to integrate scientific literacy with Pancasila values ​​in the context of thematic learning. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in communication skills, collaboration skills, and teacher understanding in applying the dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile into the learning process. In addition, this program also had a positive impact on shaping the professional behavior of teachers who were more reflective, collaborative, and oriented towards strengthening student character. These findings indicate that the integration of scientific literacy within the P5 framework can be an effective strategy in developing teachers' pedagogical competence.

Science learning in elementary schools requires a concrete and contextual approach so that students can understand abstract concepts such as ecosystems. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Food Chain Board media in improving the understanding of 5th grade students of SDN Kaliwates 2 about the concept of ecosystems. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the use of this learning media can increase student involvement during the learning process, help them construct food chains independently, and strengthen their understanding of the interactions between living things in the ecosystem. This media also creates a more enjoyable and interactive learning atmosphere. Thus, the Food Chain Board media is effective for use in science learning for ecosystem material. 

This research aims to examine the role of Islamic education in encouraging the advancement of science and technology (science and technology) in the era of globalization. In facing the challenges of digitalization and value degradation, Islamic education is expected to be able to integrate Islamic values with technological developments harmoniously. The research method used is library research through analyzing various relevant literature sources. Data collection is done by tracing and analyzing various literatures, including books, scientific journals, and policy documents relevant to the theme of Islamic education. In addition, researchers also use qualitative techniques in analyzing data, which will then be presented descriptively. The results of the study show that Islamic education has great potential in forming a generation that is not only superior in science and technology, but also has good morals. The strategies highlighted include increasing the digital competence of educators, strengthening Islamic digital literacy, developing Islamic digital content, innovating learning methods, and integrating digital ethics in the curriculum. This research confirms that Islamic education is not an obstacle to technological progress, but a strategic partner in creating a modern civilization based on spiritual and moral values.

Learning biology on the human motion system material often presents challenges due to the complex and abstract nature of the material. This study aims to improve student learning outcomes by applying the Discovery Learning learning model assisted by video media in class X SCIENCE SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. This research is a Class Action Research which was carried out in two cycles using a collaborative reflective approach. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages, with data collection through observation, evaluation tests, interviews, and field notes. The results in the first cycle showed that the average student score only reached 53.4 with a classical completeness rate of 32%. In cycle II, after improvements based on reflection in cycle I, learning outcomes increased significantly, with an average of 85.3 and a completeness rate of 100%. These findings show that integrating video media in discovery-based learning effectively improves students' understanding of hard-to-visualize biological concepts. Audio-visual media help students relate visual information to authentic experiences, while Discovery Learning encourages active and exploratory engagement of students in the learning process. This research contributes to the science education literature by showing that technology-based and participatory learning strategies can answer the challenges of biology learning in secondary schools. Implicitly, teachers are encouraged to adopt a similar approach to create active, engaging, and meaningful learning.

This study is a literature review aimed at examining the effectiveness of the guided inquiry model based on STEM in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills. The guided inquiry model provides a structured framework for students to explore problems under teacher guidance, while the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) approach promotes interdisciplinary, contextual, and practical learning. Through an analysis of various relevant articles and scholarly journals, the findings indicate that the implementation of the guided inquiry model integrated with STEM consistently improves students' critical thinking abilities, particularly in areas such as analysis, evaluation, and reasoning. The study also highlights the crucial role of teachers as active facilitators in the learning process and the need for adequate resources to effectively apply this approach. The results of this review are expected to serve as a reference for educators and researchers in developing innovative and 21st-century-oriented learning strategies.

This study aims to obtain the validity of E-LAPD using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model that can be used to improve science literacy on chemical equilibrium material. The design used is a 4-D model designed to improve students' science literacy skills. The valid E-LAPD was evaluated through a validation sheet filled in by the validator using a Likert scale. Validity consists of construct validity which includes presentation components, graphic components, suitability of models and indicators to be improved and content validation which includes the suitability of learning objectives with learning outcomes and the suitability of problems or phenomena with the material being taught.  The validity of E-LAPD is declared valid if the score from the validator is at least 4 and does not have one score < 3 from the validator. The results showed that the E-LAPD developed had high validity indicating that the mode score of the validator ≥ 4. The developed E-LAPD was declared valid for use with a construct and content validation assessment which was described as valid with a score of 4, thus E-LAPD using the PBL model was declared valid for use to improve science literacy in chemical equilibrium material.

Mastery of science and technology is a must in facing the era of globalization. This requires various parties to be able to develop capabilities related to the development of capabilities in the field of technology. In the field of education, one of the educational breakthroughs in Indonesia that seeks to develop humans who can create a science and technology-based economy is STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) learning. This study aims to describe STEAM as an alternative to learning mathematics in SD in the 21st century. This study uses a literature review method. The library study method is a critical study of the discussion of a topic that has been written by researchers or scientists in various sources in the form of books, journals, ebooks, or other scientific articles. The results of this study indicate that it is very important to use learning methods and media in the world of education to support teaching and learning activities, especially at the SD level. STEAM is one of the methods that can be used in learning but it is undeniable that this method cannot be applied in all school circles. Schools that have been able to use this method are those that are well-coordinated. Therefore, we really hope that this STEAM method can be implemented in all school circles which also indicates that our education is developing to be better every day.

This research is a quantitative research using quasi-experimental design. Before receiving treatment, the experimental group and the control group were given a pre-test to evaluate students' science literacy. The location of the research was carried out on Jalan Lintas Riau, class IV SDN 0401, Pasar Ujung Batu Village, Sosa District, Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatra Province. The research time was carried out in the odd semester in July-October 2024/2025. The sample of this study used 25 students, namely the experimental and control classes. The data collection technique for this study used tests and interviews. Based on the results of the study, the increase in students' science literacy skills was also strengthened by empirical findings in this study, where the average post-test score in the experimental class reached 80.16, much higher than the control class which only reached 73.20. In addition, the results of the t-test showed a very small significance value (p = 0.000056), indicating that the difference in learning outcomes between the two classes was not a coincidence, but a real result of the application of the CTL model. The fact that the experimental class showed lower variance in the posttest also indicates that the CTL model is able to balance achievement between students and reduce academic gaps.

Critical thinking skills are essential for students to be able to analyze, evaluate, and solve problems systematically. However, during learning, many students still have difficulty in developing these skills, which can be caused by less interactive learning methods and the lack of implementation of effective teaching strategies. This study aims to determine the efforts of social studies teachers in improving critical thinking skills of grade VIII students at SMPN 1 Sumbergempol. This study is a type of case study research. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. This study shows that the efforts made by teachers in improving students' critical thinking in social studies learning are to give students a problem and they must solve the problem, in addition, the use of strategies, methods, models, and learning media also have an effect on improving students' critical thinking, especially in social science learning.

Image processing is a branch of computer science that is growing rapidly and is widely used in various fields, including in security systems. Face identification is one of the main applications of image processing that aims to recognize and distinguish individual faces in a system. The methods used in face identification involve various techniques, such as facial feature detection, characteristic extraction, and classification using machine learning algorithms. This article discusses the application of image processing in a security system based on face identification and the technology used to improve the accuracy and reliability of the system. The results of the study show that the combination of deep learning algorithms with image pre-processing techniques can increase the success rate of face identification in security systems.

This research aims to identify the effect of using skill exercises based on generative learning in learning and retaining the skills of handling and shooting in handball among second-stage students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Anbar University. The researchers used the experimental approach to suit the nature of the research, and the research sample consisted of the second stage students in the College of Physical Education, who numbered (80) students, and they were divided into two experimental groups that underwent a skill exercise program based on the foundations of generative learning, and a control that used the traditional method. Skill tests were applied before and after a retention period to measure the level of learning and retention of the two skills, and the program was applied for two months. The results showed that the experimental group significantly excelled in the skill performance tests and in the retention test, which indicates the effectiveness of skill exercises based on generative learning in enhancing students’ learning and retention of basic skills in handball.

This research aims to explore the challenges and opportunities in implementing character education through Social Sciences (IPS) learning in elementary schools, especially at MIN 1 Metro. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through interviews, observation and literature study. The research results show that the main challenge lies in the diversity of student backgrounds and differences in character based on gender, which requires a different and more personalized teaching approach. On the other hand, the Independent Curriculum provides great opportunities with flexibility in planning and implementing learning that is integrated with character values. Strategies such as value reflection, collaboration between students, and strengthening teacher-student relationships have proven effective in instilling values ​​such as honesty, responsibility, tolerance, and cooperation. This research concludes that character education can be implemented optimally if it is supported by an adaptive curriculum, appropriate teaching strategies, and active involvement of teachers and parents.

Islamic preaching (dakwah) employs various methods of communication, one of which is through written works. This study examines the preaching strategies found in Islamic written works through a case study of the author of the Nidzomi method, a method designed to facilitate madrasa students in learning religious sciences such as Tajwid, Fiqh, Nahwu, and Shorof. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the author, content analysis of the published books, and observations of how this method is received among students and educators. The findings indicate that the Nidzomi method has a unique appeal by combining the literary element of nadhom with a structured and easily memorizable learning system. Additionally, the preaching strategy through written works has successfully reached a broader audience, not only within madrasas but also on social media, where the method has gained wider recognition. This study affirms that Islamic preaching through written works is not merely a means of conveying knowledge but also an integral part of a more inclusive religious literacy strategy. The Nidzomi method has proven effective in helping students better understand Islamic subjects. However, challenges remain in its dissemination, particularly in adapting to different educational levels and ensuring accessibility beyond the pesantren environment. Therefore, this study recommends enhancing the promotion and digitalization of the Nidzomi method to make it more accessible to the younger generation in the digital era.