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This research is entitled "Actualization of the Content and Teachings of the Principles in Pancasila to Increase Unity and Oneness in National and State Life". This study aims to analyze the problems that arise in the process of actualizing Pancasila values, especially in the context of unity amidst social diversity. Identification of problems includes low public understanding of Pancasila, minimal participation in social activities, and social injustice that hinders harmony. This study uses a qualitative approach by collecting data through literature studies and interviews. The results of the study indicate that a shallow understanding of Pancasila often causes people to emphasize differences rather than similarities, thus increasing the potential for division. In addition, the rampant inaccurate information on social media worsens the situation. This study recommends the need to increase education and socialization regarding Pancasila, as well as the development of more inclusive policies to encourage active public participation. With this, it is hoped that Pancasila can be actualized as a guideline for life that strengthens the unity of the Indonesian nation, in accordance with the spirit of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika.

Grade A steel plates are commonly used in marine and offshore structures due to their high corrosion resistance. This study investigates the effect of bevel angle variations (30°, 40°, and 50°) and the use of ceramic backing on the mechanical properties and welding defects of Grade A steel using the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) method. Welding was conducted with four-pass multipass welding. An experimental approach was employed, including macro visual inspection, dye penetrant, tensile, and impact testing. Results showed that specimens without ceramic backing (P1) had more defects such as incomplete penetration and spatter compared to those with backing (P2). All specimens met ASTM E23 impact standards (average 23.9–24.1 J/mm²). Tensile tests revealed that ceramic backing improved strength, with the highest UTS (576.1 MPa) and elongation (25%) found.

Dental caries is one of the most common dental health problems worldwide, caused by bacterial activity in the mouth, notably Streptococcus mutans. This bacterium plays a crucial role in tooth demineralization, ultimately leading to tooth decay. The management of dental caries is typically performed through medical procedures, such as dental fillings; however, this method does not prevent the recurrence of caries. One alternative that has gained attention is the use of herbal plants. This article explores using herbal plants as an alternative inhibitor of Streptococcus mutans bacteria in treating dental caries. The writing of this article employs a narrative analysis approach by collecting secondary data from various previous studies. The exploration results show that 33 herbal plants are used as therapies for addressing dental caries, with five plants being the most commonly used: betel leaf, Lantana camara, lime, celery, and ginger. Using herbal plants to inhibit Streptococcus mutans offers promising potential for developing more natural, safe, and affordable treatment methods.    

This study aims to analyze Islamic-based managerial strategies in improving employee welfare in madrasahs that implement remote working systems. In the context of virtual work, emerging challenges include increased burnout risk and decreased employee engagement. Therefore, this study proposes the application of Islamic Work Ethics (IWE) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Islam as approaches to address these issues. The research method used is descriptive with a literature review approach, analyzing relevant theories and the application of Islamic principles in employee welfare management in madrasah environments. The findings indicate that integrating Islamic values into employee welfare management can reduce burnout and enhance employee engagement. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of madrasahs adopting Islamic-based managerial models, which consider not only material welfare but also the spiritual and social well-being of employees, to create a healthy and productive work environment.

The aim of this study is to understand and explain the implementation process of ensemble learning of the same type in class VII.1 of SMP Negeri 43 Padang. This research falls into the category of qualitative research using descriptive methods. The researcher themselves serve as the main instrument in this study, supported by writing tools and a camera. Data is obtained through literature review, observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis process includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions from the data. At the planning stage, the teacher prepares learning tools according to the independent curriculum included in the teaching module. At the implementation stage of the same ensemble, the teacher uses lecture, question and answer, practice, and demonstration methods. The learning media used by the teacher includes the melodica and the score for the song "Kambanglah Bungo". At the assessment stage, the teacher conducts diagnostic and formative assessments. In the practical assessment of the melodica ensemble, many students experience difficulties, especially in reading the score, fingering techniques, and maintaining the tempo. Furthermore, the lack of enrichment and remedial measures during the assessment process impacts students' development, both for those who have not achieved competencies and those who have already understood them.

This study aims to determine the effect of Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model on the motivation and learning outcomes of grade X students in History subjects at MAN 3 Jombang. The background of this study is the low motivation of students to learn due to the use of conventional learning models that tend to make students passive, bored, and less interested. The TGT model is considered an alternative because it can increase students' active involvement in the learning process. This research used a quantitative approach with quasi experiment method. The research samples were students from class X-11, which was the experimental class, and X-15, which was the control class. Data collection techniques included questionnaires, tests, and documentation. Data analysis was done by prerequisite test (normality and homogeneity), Independent Sample t-Test test, and MANOVA test. The results showed that the TGT learning model had a significant effect on learning motivation, with the value of tcount (9.180) > ttable (2.022) and Sig. 0,000 < 0,05. In addition, TGT also has a significant effect on learning outcomes, with tcount (7.979) > ttable (2.022) and Sig. 0,000 < 0,05. Simultaneously, TGT affects student motivation and learning outcomes based on MANOVA test (Sig. 0.000 < 0.05).    

This study aims to analyze the implementation of e-government within the Tangerang LIVE application, an integrated digital platform that consolidates various public service applications of the Tangerang City Government. Although the application is designed to streamline access to public services, challenges remain—particularly in the area of slow information management, which affects service efficiency. The analysis is based on four key e-government indicators: Efficiency, Trust, Reliability, and Citizen Support. Findings reveal that, in terms of efficiency, the application features a user-friendly interface that enhances accessibility, though some technical issues still hinder optimal use. Regarding trust, the application has generally earned positive public perception, though constructive feedback highlights areas for enhancement. From the reliability perspective, despite ongoing performance monitoring, the application has not consistently met expectations in terms of stable and dependable service delivery. Lastly, the citizen support aspect has shown progress through the availability of a helpdesk system; however, improvements are needed in responsiveness and overall effectiveness to better serve users. These findings suggest that while Tangerang LIVE reflects several aspects of successful e-government implementation, continuous improvements—particularly in system performance, responsiveness, and two-way communication—are essential to enhance public information quality and user satisfaction. Strengthening these areas is key to achieving a more transparent, efficient, and citizen-oriented digital government platform.

Corruption is a structural problem that undermines government governance and weakens public trust. To address this issue, the use of information technology has emerged as a promising solution to enhance transparency and accountability in the public sector. This study aims to analyze the role of technology in preventing and detecting corruption through the implementation of digital systems such as e-government, e-budgeting, and e-procurement. Using a normative juridical and conceptual approach, this study shows that digitalization can reduce corruption opportunities and strengthen both internal oversight and public participation. However, the success of technology implementation depends greatly on the integrity of implementers, supportive regulations, and the readiness of digital infrastructure. This research emphasizes that the integration of technology with the principles of good governance is a strategic step toward building a clean, efficient, and responsive government.    

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the Indonesian economy, but in digital business practices, they often face legal challenges in business contracts, whether with suppliers, distributors, or marketplace platforms. This article examines aspects of legal protection for MSMEs in digital business contracts and identifies inequalities that occur in business relationships with large companies. This study uses a normative-juridical research method by analyzing business contract regulations in Indonesia as well as comparative studies with legal systems in other countries. This study concludes that MSMEs need more proactive regulations in ensuring fairness in digital business contracts so as not to experience exploitation from more dominant parties.    

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered instructional strategy that begins with authentic problems as the starting point for learning. This approach encourages students to actively identify, analyze, and solve problems through a systematic and collaborative scientific thinking process. By integrating real-life situations relevant to students’ experiences, PBL not only enhances critical thinking skills but also develops problem-solving abilities, communication, and teamwork. The implementation of problem-based learning among secondary school students demonstrates a significant improvement in critical thinking compared to conventional, more passive teaching methods. Furthermore, this learning strategy fosters independent and creative learning attitudes and helps students connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications in their environment. Therefore, problem-based learning serves as an effective approach to prepare students for the complex and rapidly changing challenges of the 21st century.    

This qualitative literature review explores the relationship between financial report obfuscation, complexity, transparency, and earnings management, focusing on how these factors influence investor perception and stock valuation. The review examines the strategic manipulation of financial reports by managers, specifically through obfuscation techniques that distort financial transparency. Obfuscation, by disaggregating financial data into numerous line items, can exacerbate biases in reported profitability, leading investors to extrapolate distorted valuations. This paper reviews the interplay between complexity and transparency in financial reporting and its implications for earnings management. It highlights the challenges investors face in interpreting complex financial reports, leading to potential misvaluation of firms. The review also considers how various factors, such as investor sophistication and managerial honesty, affect the degree of obfuscation and earnings management.

Nephrotic syndrome is a group of diseases characterized by massive proteinuria that causes hypoalbuminemia, resulting in hyperlipidemia, edema, and various complications. One of the etiologies of nephrotic syndrome itself is primary and secondary glomerulonephritis in the form of infection, malignancy, connective tissue disease, drugs or toxins and due to systemic diseases. The incidence of nephrotic syndrome cases in adults does not have a significant difference between genders, where the cases are 3 per 100,000 population. The broad clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome require health workers to conduct anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting examinations carefully. When nephrotic syndrome has been established, management will be carried out. Management that can be given to this disorder is non-pharmacological such as a low protein and salt diet and pharmacological especially for the underlying disease. Non-specific treatment to reduce proteinuria, control edema, and treat complications that may occur. The prognosis for nephrotic syndrome depends on the underlying cause.

Qawaid al-Fiqhiyyah are fundamental principles in Islamic law that serve as guidelines for establishing legal rulings, including in the context of marriage registration. Although, in Islam, the validity of a marriage is determined by the fulfillment of its pillars and conditions, marriage registration becomes crucial in state law to ensure legal certainty and provide protection for married couples and their children. The application of fiqh principles such as "Harm must be eliminated" and "Preventing harm takes precedence over obtaining benefits" indicates that marriage registration is necessary to prevent various legal and social issues. Furthermore, this registration aligns with the principle of maslahah (public benefit) in Islamic law, which aims to safeguard the rights of spouses and their offspring. Therefore, although marriage registration is not a requirement for a valid marriage in Islam, from a legal and public welfare perspective, it plays a highly significant role.

This article explores the concept of insan kamil (the perfect human) from the perspective of Kautsar Azhari Noer, a prominent contemporary Muslim thinker. Noer integrates the classical Sufi philosophical framework with the challenges of modern human civilization. According to Noer, the perfect human is not only defined by spiritual proximity to God but also by the ability to reflect divine values in intellectual, ethical, and cultural dimensions. Using a qualitative, literature-based approach, this study analyses Noer's interpretations in relation to classical sources such as Ibn ʿArabī and Al-Jīlī. The findings show that Noer offers a philosophical reinterpretation of insan kamil as a response to modern existential and moral crises.

Al-Ghazali's economic thought emphasizes balance in consumption and the importance of avoiding wastefulness and excess. However, in this digital era impulsive buying is increasingly prevalent, including among Muslims. This research is motivated by the behavior of Muslim consumers who tend to be more concerned with satisfaction than needs. The method used is qualitative research with a case study approach, to analyze the application of Al-Ghazali's economic thought in consumption theory. This research method is designed to provide a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the application of Al-Ghazali's economic thought in the concept of consumption, especially the phenomenon of impulsive buying among Muslims in the digital era. The results show that the phenomenon of impulsive buying is increasingly widespread, triggered by easy access to information and products through digital platforms, as well as the influence of social media. This is often contrary to the principles of consumption taught by Al-Ghazali, who emphasized the importance of simplicity and moderation. This study recommends the need for awareness and education on consumption ethics in Islam to help avoid excessive consumption behavior and prioritize spiritual values in every act of consumption.

This study examines how effective group counseling is in improving career maturity and decision-making of students and college students. Approaches such as Trait and Factor, CBT, and CIP as well as creative media such as career bags and IT support the service. The method used was a literature review. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze how effective group counseling services are in improving career readiness and maturity, as well as to determine its effect on learners' self-efficacy, decision-making, and problem-solving skills. The results showed that group counseling improved participants' career maturity, self-efficacy, and future planning, with a significant increase from pretest to posttest. The use of media and technology encouraged creativity and effectiveness of the services, although privacy and ethical issues still need to be addressed, especially for online services. In addition, external elements such as family and social environment influence. Therefore, group counseling-if conducted in a planned, flexible, sustainable, and appropriately evaluated manner-helps participants prepare for their careers.      

This study aims to explore the implementation of expository teaching strategies in enhancing students' communication competencies in the digital era. Using a qualitative research method with a library research approach, this study analyzes various literatures related to expository teaching, communication competencies, and the use of digital technology in education. The findings reveal that expository teaching supported by digital technology can enrich the learning experience by increasing interactivity, accessibility, and understanding of the material. However, challenges such as the digital divide, digital distractions, and the need for adequate digital literacy skills were also identified. In conclusion, while the implementation of expository teaching based on technology offers numerous benefits, proper management and adequate training support for both teachers and students are crucial to maximize learning outcomes.

Genocide against civilians constitutes a severe infringement upon fundamental human rights, demanding a firm response from the international community. This crime not only causes immense suffering for its victims but also poses a serious threat to global stability. Legal accountabillity for perpetrators of genocide is a crucial aspect pertaining to the global framework of international law. In this articles evaluates the mechanisms of legal accountability, highlighting the effectiveness, challenges, and opportunities faced by Judicial bodies like the International Criminal Court (ICC) and temporary tribunals such as the ICTR and ICTY. By examining genocide incidents from the 20th and 21st centuries, the research highlights various shortcomings in the accountability framework, such as political interference, inconsistent legal enforcement, and insufficient international collaboration from member states in extraditing suspects. Legal and administrative obstacles, such as evidence collection and witness protection, also hinder judicial processes. Nevertheless, there are opportunities to enhance the system’s effectiveness, including strengthening the authority of international judicial bodies, improving inter-state coordination, and utilizing technology in genocide investigations. By addressing these shortcomings, the international legal system is expected to become more effective in upholding justice and preventing future acts of genocide.

The protection of personal data privacy rights has become a crucial issue in the digital age. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of digital applications in increasing public awareness regarding the importance of personal data protection and its legal implications. The research method employed is a literature study with a normative juridical approach, analyzing relevant laws and regulations on personal data protection, literature studies, and an analysis of the features of digital applications that focus on privacy education and control. The results of the study indicate that digital applications have significant potential in raising public awareness through the provision of easily accessible information, visualization of risks, and consent control mechanisms for data usage. However, their effectiveness heavily relies on intuitive interface design, clear and concise information delivery, and developers' compliance with personal data protection principles. This research recommends the need for more comprehensive regulations to ensure the quality standards and accountability of digital applications in educating the public about personal data privacy rights, as well as encouraging collaboration between developers, the government, and civil society organizations to create a safer and more privacy-aware digital ecosystem.

Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh tekanan, peluang, rasionalisasi, dan stabilitas keuangan terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan pada perusahaan properti dan real estat yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2023. Menggunakan analisis regresi logistik biner pada sampel 53 perusahaan yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling, studi ini mengukur kecurangan laporan keuangan menggunakan F-Score, sedangkan variabel independen diukur melalui rasio leverage, pemantauan yang tidak efektif, perubahan auditor, dan perubahan aset. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa tidak ada faktor yang diteliti yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi penipuan laporan keuangan, dengan nilai signifikansi 0,179 untuk tekanan, 0,360 untuk peluang, 0,250 untuk rasionalisasi, dan 0,676 untuk stabilitas keuangan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan properti dan real estat mungkin menggunakan strategi alternatif untuk manajemen utang dan pertumbuhan aset tanpa menggunakan manipulasi laporan keuangan. Penelitian di masa depan harus mengeksplorasi faktor risiko penipuan tambahan dan mempertimbangkan periode pengamatan yang lebih lama untuk menangkap pola siklus potensial. Badan pengatur harus meningkatkan mekanisme pemantauan di luar persyaratan kepatuhan formal, sementara investor harus memasukkan model deteksi penipuan yang komprehensif saat mengevaluasi keputusan investasi di sektor properti.