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The Indonesian Language for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) program is gaining global interest, yet its learning process still faces various challenges. This study aims to identify and analyze difficulties experienced by international students in learning Indonesian at the Language Center of Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews with two foreign students. The findings reveal that the main challenges include vocabulary acquisition, differences in grammatical structure, accent adaptation, as well as adjusting to Indonesian culture and native speakers’ speaking speed. Proposed solutions involve repeated practice, direct interaction with native speakers, and the use of interactive learning methods. In conclusion, a deeper understanding of these challenges can help design more effective and adaptive BIPA learning strategies.

This article discusses the importance of professional ethics in the legal profession. The legal profession is a vital component of modern society, and its practitioners play a crucial role in upholding justice and promoting the rule of law. However, the legal profession is not immune to ethical challenges, and its practitioners must adhere to a strict code of ethics to maintain public trust and confidence. This paper examines the fundamental principles of professional ethics in the legal profession, including confidentiality, competence, and integrity. It also discusses the consequences of unethical behavior and the importance of promoting an ethical culture within the legal profession.  

This study aims to analyze in depth the concept of employment agreements according to Islamic law and how these principles can be harmonized with the provisions of employment agreements in the Indonesian Manpower Law. This study aims to explore the basic values in Islamic law, such as justice, mutual consent, and prohibition of exploitation, which are the ethical basis for employment relations between employers and workers. On the other hand, this study also examines the provisions of positive law in force in Indonesia, especially after the enactment of the Job Creation Law, to see the extent to which these regulations reflect the principles of justice and protection of workers. In Islamic law, an employment agreement is viewed as an ijarah contract that has elements of agreement, willingness of both parties, and justice in the implementation of rights and obligations. Meanwhile, in Indonesian positive law, an employment agreement is the basis for employment relations between workers and employers which are regulated in writing or verbally with certain provisions. This study uses a library research method with a qualitative normative approach. The results of the study show that basically the principles of employment agreements in Islamic law do not conflict with the Manpower Law, and can even complement each other in terms of justice, protection of workers' rights, and voluntary agreements. Harmonization can be done through adjustments to sharia principles in the implementation of employment contracts and the need to strengthen moral and ethical aspects in employment relationships.

The problems faced by students have a considerable effect on the quality of education, particularly at the secondary education level. Internal factors such as academic stress, low learning motivation, and unstable psychological conditions can hinder students' academic development. Meanwhile, external factors such as family environment, complex curriculum, high education costs, and inadequate facilities further deteriorate the education system. These challenges contribute to low student achievement, increased dropout rates, and declining quality of social interactions in educational settings. This article uses a literature review approach to examine various. factors affecting education quality and explores possible solutions. The findings indicate that intervention from schools, parents, and the government is crucial to creating an inclusive, supportive, and responsive educational environment.

This study examines the strategic role of Civic Education (PKn) in increasing national and state awareness among elementary school students in Indonesia. Through a qualitative approach with conceptual analysis methods and literature studies, this study identifies four main roles of civil society: the cultivation of national identity, the recognition of citizens' rights and obligations, the development of democratic values, and the formation of attitudes of tolerance and multiculturalism. The dimensions of consciousness developed include constitutional consciousness, nationalism, multiculturalism, and participatory. This article also explains effective PKn implementation strategies through experiential learning, integration with daily life, the use of interactive learning media, and example and habituation. Despite having a vital role, the implementation of PKn still faces challenges in the form of learning that tends to be theoretical, limited teacher competence, and counterproductive environmental influences. The evaluation of PKn's success in increasing awareness can be measured through behavior change, conceptual understanding, active participation, and social concern of students. In conclusion, PKn that is implemented contextually and meaningfully from an early age can be an effective foundation in forming good citizens and maintaining national identity in the global era.

Banjarsari Sub-district is one of the government agencies that has duties and functions in supporting public services, especially population administration services. To realize maximum service, Banjarsari Sub-district presents the “Mlebu Peteng” innovation, namely administrative services at night as a form of adaptation to the needs of people who have limited time during regular working hours. This innovation is an effort to improve service quality by expanding community access to public services. The purpose of this research is to describe the implementation of the “Mlebu Peteng” night service at the Surakarta City Banjarsari Sub-district Office and the obstacles experienced during the service process. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of the “Mlebu Peteng” innovation has helped the community in obtaining services outside working hours, with the level of community satisfaction reaching 91.77% in 2024. Based on George C. Edward III's policy implementation theory, the success of this innovation is supported by effective communication, adequate resources, positive disposition of officers, and a clear bureaucratic structure. However, there are several obstacles such as the lack of budget for officer incentives, uneven understanding of technology among staff, limited KTP-el recording services and SOPs that do not include mechanisms for handling technical complaints.

The Zakat Aware Community Movement is an initiative to raise Muslims' awareness of the importance of zakat as a religious obligation and socio-economic instrument. The goal is to encourage people to pay zakat, both zakat mal and fitrah, correctly and on target to help the poor and reduce poverty and social inequality. Zakat not only has spiritual value, but also a strategic role in welfare distribution. Awareness of zakat is expected to counter consumptive behavior or hedonism, which in Islam is known as israf (excessive) and tabdzir (wasteful). The concept of “mâl” (wealth) in Islam is everything that can be legally owned and utilized, such as houses, money, gold, and others. Blessed wealth is wealth that is obtained lawfully, benefits others, and is used to get closer to Allah. Islam also pays great attention to poverty, which is described through the terms fakir and miskin. For this reason, zakat as the third pillar of Islam has a major role in overcoming it. For those who are reluctant to pay zakat, Islam recognizes the punishment of ta'zir - a punishment imposed by the ruler to safeguard the public interest. Finally, zakat that is paid consciously and sincerely can bring blessings to wealth, strengthen social solidarity, and strengthen the economic resilience of the people.

Modern agriculture faces serious challenges such as climate change, soil degradation, and dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which negatively impact the environment and human health. To support sustainable food security, innovative and environmentally friendly solutions are required. One promising alternative is the use of endophytic bacteria as biological agents to enhance plant growth without relying on synthetic chemicals. This study aims to examine the role of endophytic bacteria in organic farming systems through a combination of laboratory tests and field experiments. The research stages include isolation and identification of endophytic bacteria from plant tissues, testing the ability of the bacteria to support plant growth in vitro, and applying it to organic farmland to evaluate resistance to pests and crop yields. The independent variable in the study is the type of endophytic bacteria, while the dependent variables include plant growth rates, pest resistance, and crop productivity. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA, followed by post-hoc tests to determine the effectiveness of the treatments. The results showed that treatments with endophytic bacteria, both singular and combined, significantly improved vegetative growth, reduced pest attacks, and increased crop yields compared to the control. The combination of bacterial isolates proved to have a stronger synergistic effect than single treatments. These findings demonstrate the potential of endophytic bacteria as natural biofertilizers and biopesticides to support environmentally friendly organic farming.

The Era of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution has transformed various aspects of life, particularly with the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings innovation and efficiency to sectors such as healthcare, education, and governance. However, the rapid development of AI also presents challenges related to law and ethics that must be addressed, such as legal responsibility for damages caused, secure management of personal data, and ethical boundaries regarding technological intervention. This article aims to discuss the legal and ethical issues surrounding the use of AI in Indonesia, focusing on the importance of developing an adaptive legal framework and the application of appropriate ethical principles. This research uses a normative research method with a regulatory approach and a conceptual approach. The discussion covers the definition of AI, legal and ethical challenges in its use, and recommendations for responsible technology implementation. The findings suggest that to ensure fair and sustainable use of AI, Indonesia needs to strengthen existing regulations, raise ethical awareness in society, and establish a dedicated regulatory body for AI technology.

This service activity was conducted in RT 11 Pantai Amal Village, East Tarakan District, Tarakan City, North Kalimantan Province on May 6, 2025 at 13.00-17.00 WITA. This activity was conducted at the house of Mrs. Hadirah with the participation of the local community, especially people who have a history of hypertension. This community service activity aims to empower coastal communities in Pantai Amal RT 11 village through nutrition education and intervention of mung bean porridge for hypertension control. The implementation method includes interactive counseling on mung beans, benefits of mung beans, conditions for limiting mung bean consumption, and demonstration on how to prepare modified mung bean porridge, as well as distribution of mung bean porridge to residents with hypertension accompanied by questions and answers related to hypertension. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge about the nutritional value of mung bean porridge. This activity also triggered the formation of a community group committed to continuing the program independently. In conclusion, the combination of nutrition education and local ingredient intervention is an effective strategy to empower coastal communities in sustainable hypertension control.

The literacy level of primary school-age children in Indonesia is still relatively low, which has an impact on children's academic ability and cognitive development. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influence the lack of literacy in primary school-age children. The method used was literature study and field observation with a qualitative approach. The results show that low literacy is caused by several main factors, namely the lack of reading habits at home, limited facilities and interesting reading materials, less varied learning methods, and the minimal role of teachers and parents in fostering interest in reading. In addition, the influence of technological developments also plays a role in diverting children's attention from reading activities. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between schools, families and communities in creating an environment that supports an early literacy culture.  

The study aims to develop self-help book media to understand the dangers of smoking. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the development of ADDIE Analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation). The evaluation was carried out by validators of media experts, materials, language experts and expert practitioners. Based on these data, the results of the evaluation of the validity of media experts were 85%, material experts were 80%, the percentage obtained from language experts was 96.4% and the percentage from practitioners was 84.6%. The average feasibility result was 86.5% with the category "feasible" for use. Self-help books can be used independently and packaged systematically. Limited trials were conducted on 19 guidance and counseling students from the 2023 and 2024 intakes. So it can be concluded that the development of self-help books to provide an understanding of the dangers of smoking is a self-help book that is feasible to implement.

This study aims to analyze the influence of population size, Human Development Index (HDI), and Open Unemployment Rate (OUR) on poverty levels in regencies/cities of Special Region of Yogyakarta during 2018-2023 period. The research employed quantitative design with panel data regression analysis approach across five regencies/cities in DIY. Secondary data were obtained from official publications of Statistics Indonesia Yogyakarta Province and analyzed using Fixed Effect Model and Random Effect Model with Stata 17 software. The research findings indicate that HDI has negative and significant effect on poverty level, suggesting that improvement in human resource quality effectively reduces poverty. OUR proved to have positive and significant effect on poverty, confirming that increased unemployment raises poverty levels. Conversely, population size shows no significant influence on poverty in DIY. These findings provide strategic implications for local government to prioritize investment in education and health sectors as well as job creation programs in poverty alleviation efforts. High inter-regional heterogeneity indicates the necessity for policy approaches tailored to specific characteristics of each regency/city in DIY.

Teachers are a crucial element that cannot be overlooked in the teaching and learning process, as they can determine the success or failure of that process. Therefore, in the process of education and instruction, it is essential to have qualified teachers. This means that, in addition to mastering the subject matter and teaching methods, teachers must also understand the fundamentals of education. These educational foundations are extremely important for teachers to know in carrying out their noble duties as instructors or educators. They serve as a means to inspire and motivate students in their learning process. Even if a teacher has excellent mastery of the subject matter, without knowledge of didactic factors, it can create obstacles for students in understanding what the teacher is conveying. On the other hand, teaching experience can actually make it easier for teachers to deliver lessons effectively, especially when supported by the use of appropriate and well-applied teaching methods.

This study aims to examine curriculum management in Islamic educational institutions in addressing the challenges of modernization and digitalization without abandoning Islamic values. The research background is based on the reality that many Islamic institutions still face obstacles in curriculum management, including knowledge integration, technological readiness, and teacher competence. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study method conducted at Madrasah Tsanawiyah and Aliyah Salafiyah of Pondok Pesantren Al-Hikmah Yogyakarta. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, and documentation, analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s model. The findings reveal that the institution has implemented integrative and participatory curriculum management by combining the National Curriculum with local pesantren content. The curriculum is developed through teacher deliberations, implementation based on Islamic values in all subjects, and periodic evaluation. Although challenges remain, such as teacher competency variation and suboptimal character evaluation, this model demonstrates relevant adaptation to the demands of the 21st century. The study’s implications contribute to the development of holistic, contextual, and Islamically-characterized curriculum management strategies in Islamic educational institutions.

The low ability of elementary school students to understand and connect interdisciplinary concepts highlights the need for an integrative and contextual learning approach. The STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) learning model offers a relevant alternative by fostering critical, creative, and collaborative competencies. This article aims to conceptually examine the implementation of STEAM in thematic learning within Indonesian elementary schools and to identify its potential and challenges. The analysis is based on a review of literature from various relevant sources discussing STEAM in primary education. The findings indicate that the STEAM model contributes to the enhancement of students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor competencies, while supporting the development of 21st-century skills. This article recommends teacher training and the development of contextual learning tools to ensure the effective implementation of STEAM at the elementary level.

This study aims to examine in depth the role of special guidance teachers at Madrasah Ar Roihan in implementing inclusive learning, as well as to analyze the pedagogical strategies applied in educating students with special needs. The implementation of inclusive education requires attention to a number of fundamental aspects, including the provision of a safe, comfortable, and friendly classroom environment for all students, including those with special needs. In addition, it is important to foster a school culture that upholds the values ​​given to differences and acceptance of diversity. The results of the study indicate that special guidance teachers have been able to create a learning atmosphere that supports the active participation of students with special needs. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of inclusive learning, the researcher conducted direct observations of classroom learning activities. These findings indicate the need for further training for special guidance teachers, in order to strengthen their professional competence in managing inclusive classes, designing adaptive curricula, and implementing learning strategies that are responsive to the individual needs of students. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of providing ongoing support for the development of the capacity of special guidance teachers, as a strategic effort to improve the quality of the implementation of inclusive education in educational units.

Notaris merupakan suatu karis dan profesi yang sedang marak dan digandrungi tidak hanya oleh kaum muda akan tetapi juga orang yang mendambakan kehidupan yang lebih baik untuk masa depannya dengan sejuta janji dan mimpi. Menjadi seorang notaris tidaklah mudah karena harus melalui beberapa tahapan yaituharus lulus pendidikan S1 Fakultas Hukum, S2 Magiter Kenotariatan, Mengikuti Seleksi Anggota Luar Biasa, Magang di Kantor Notaris selama 24 (dua puluh empat) bulan, mengikuti Magang Bersama 4 (empat) kali, lulus Ujian Kode Etik Notaris dan mengikuti pengangkatan yang diadakan oleh Kementerian Hukum. Selain itu Notaris mempunyai kode etik dan larangan-larangan yang diatur dalam suatu Undang-undang yang antara lain mengenai jabatan yang tidak boleh dirangkap oleh seorang Notaris. Akan tetapi Notaris dapat merangkap jabatan sebagaiPejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah, Notaris Pembuat Akta Koperasi, Notaris Pasar Modal, Pejabat Lelang Kelas II. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teori positivisme hukum dan paradigma konstruktivisme diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran menyeluruh mengenai karir dan profesi seorang notaris dalam menjawab peluang dan tantangan dalam menjalankan tugas jabatannya dengan tetap mengacu pada aturan-aturan yang ada.

This study aims to explore the impact of father involvement in adolescent parenting and how this role affects children's emotional, social, and academic development. Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant changes in physical, cognitive, and emotional aspects. Active father involvement in children's lives has been shown to contribute positively to adolescent achievement motivation and emotional well-being. Through a qualitative approach and literature analysis, this study identified various forms of support provided by fathers, including affectionate support, parenting, and involvement in daily activities. The results showed that the higher the level of father involvement, the better the development of adolescents in facing life challenges. These findings emphasize the importance of the role of fathers in shaping children's character and life values, and provide recommendations to increase awareness of the importance of father involvement in parenting.  

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in education holds significant potential to enhance the quality of learning and the effectiveness of teaching. This study aims to evaluate a teacher competency development program through the integration of AI, particularly in the development of AI-based teaching materials utilizing the Kelas Ajaib feature in the Canva application. The training involved 40 teachers from SMP Negeri 1 Kota Ambon and was conducted through workshops and interactive simulations. Evaluation results indicated an 85% level of participant enthusiasm and 86% satisfaction, reflecting a highly positive response to the program. However, teacher competence in creating AI-based instructional media reached only 75%, suggesting a need for further mentoring and improved supporting infrastructure. The main challenges identified included limited hardware availability and difficulties in adapting to new technologies. Therefore, follow-up training, enhanced technical support, and improved school facilities are recommended. Collaboration among educational stakeholders is essential to ensure the sustainability of AI integration in the learning process. Further research is recommended to examine the long-term impact of AI implementation on teaching quality and student engagement.