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The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of gender diversity, stock bonus compensation, and financial expertise of independent commissioners on earnings management in manufacturing companies in Indonesia for the period 2018-2022. This study uses secondary data obtained through the annual financial reports of manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the period 2018-2022. This study is a quantitative study with sampling using the purposive sampling method and obtaining 135 research sample data. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS software version 27. The results of this study indicate that the Board of Directors Gender Diversity variable has a significant positive effect on earnings management. The Stock Bonus Compensation variable has a significant negative effect on earnings management. Meanwhile, the Independent Commissioner Financial Expertise variable has a positive but insignificant effect on earnings management.

Cor Pulmonale Chronic Decompensata (CPCD) is a chronic pulmonary complication characterized by hypertrophy and/or dilatation of the right ventricle due to increased pulmonary artery pressure (pulmonary hypertension). due to increased pulmonary artery pressure (pulmonary hypertension). Symptoms include severe dyspnea, leg edema, hepatomegaly, and activity intolerance, which significantly reduce quality of life. Using the report method case study that assesses the effectiveness of a combination breathing exercise intervention using Diaphragm Breathing, Pursed Lip Breathing, thoracic expansion exercise, Gentle Massage, Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) in patients with CPCD. The parameters assessed include the degree of tightness and thoracic expansion and functional ability. This study showed significant results with a decrease in the degree of tightness, an increase in lung expansion and an increase in functional ability. and improved functional ability.

This journal is entitled Problems of Differences in Land Area Size Between Land Certificates and Facts in the Field. Regulations regarding land ownership are regulated in such a way by the government, but the regulations issued at this time still cannot protect the rights of land owners because until now there are still many problems regarding differences in land area size between land certificates and facts in the field. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the causes of changes in land area size in land certificates and efforts to resolve if there is a difference in land area size between land certificates and facts in the field. The method used in this study is empirical legal research, which is a study that will later use empirical facts taken from human behavior through direct observation. The results of the study state that changes in land area size in land certificates are caused by two (2) factors, namely human factors and natural factors. Meanwhile, the resolution if there is a change in land area size in land certificates can be resolved through litigation and non-litigation.

This study aims to analyze the lexical and contextual meanings in the lyrics of the song “Mangu” by Fourtwnty Ft. Charita Utami. This song was chosen because it contains emotional, symbolic, and reflective messages that reflect inner turmoil and value conflicts in human relationships. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with semantic analysis techniques. Data was obtained from the song lyrics and analyzed through the stages of identifying lexical meaning based on the literal meaning of the words, and contextual meaning based on the situation and context of their use. The results of the study indicate that the lyrics of “Mangu” contain various forms of lexical meaning such as synonyms, antonyms, collocations, polysemy, and idioms, as well as contextual meaning reflecting spiritual conflict, differences in principles, and the search for identity. This song symbolically represents the social conditions often experienced by individuals in personal and existential relationships. These findings enrich the study of semantics in popular literary works and can be implemented in Indonesian language learning as contextual and meaningful teaching materials.

This study examines various proactive and reactive classroom management strategies and approaches to create a conducive learning environment. Effective classroom management is crucial for minimizing disruptions, enhancing student engagement, and supporting their academic and socio-emotional development. The literature review covers preventive measures such as establishing clear expectations and routines, building positive teacher-student relationships, and creating physically and emotionally safe learning spaces. Additionally, reactive strategies for addressing disruptive behaviors—including verbal and non-verbal interventions, conflict resolution, and de-escalation techniques—are discussed. The study emphasizes the importance of consistent, fair, and culturally responsive approaches tailored to student diversity and needs. The analysis reveals that the effectiveness of approaches such as authoritative, democratic, and behavioral modification varies depending on the context, with recommendations to flexibly combine multiple methods. Challenges like student heterogeneity, limited facilities, and teacher preparedness are identified, along with innovative solutions such as differentiated instruction and technology integration.

Populism, which often puts forward anti-ite rhetoric and claims as a representation of the people's voice, can have a significant impact on the state administration system. This article aims to understand the extent to which populism can change the structure of state administration and test the resilience of the Indonesian democratic system and constitution in facing the challenges of populism. The method used in the preparation of this article is qualitative methodology with a literature review approach from various academic sources such as books, journals, relevant scientific papers. The results of the study show that populism gives challenges and threats to the state system and has a negative impact on democracy and implications for the constitution. Populism is a challenge for the Indonesian constitutional democratic system by damaging the checks and balances mechanisms, politicizing the law and state institutions, and the risk of eroding the supremacy of the constitution.

Radicalism among the younger generation poses a serious threat to national unity, especially in the digital era that facilitates the spread of extremist ideologies. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with literature review as the data collection technique to analyze the role of civic education in preventing radicalism. The findings show that civic education can shape character, instill values of tolerance, democracy, and nationalism, and enhance students’ critical thinking skills in filtering radical information. Its implication is that civic education plays a strategic role as an ideological shield, effectively protecting youth from radical influences and encouraging their active contribution to preserving national unity.

Citizens' rights and obligations are the main pillars in building a balanced and just national and state life. In the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, rights and obligations are strictly regulated to ensure the creation of order, welfare, and active participation of citizens in national development. However, in its implementation, there are still inequalities, especially the lack of public awareness of the implementation of obligations, such as obedience to the law, defending the country, and respecting the rights of others. This study aims to examine how the implementation of citizens' rights and obligations takes place and their impact on community, national, and state life. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of the study indicate that there is a need to strengthen civic education, increase exemplary behavior from the government, and enforce fair law in order to create a balance between rights and obligations according to the mandate of the 1945 Constitution. Collective awareness between the government and citizens is very necessary in order to achieve a democratic and civilized life order. 

The Arctic region has abundant natural resource potential, which has encouraged Arctic coastal countries to explore and exploit existing resources. However, the presence of climate change has changed territorial boundaries including the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and opened up effective routes in the Arctic. Therefore, this study discusses climate change on the exploitation of resources outside the Exclusive Economic Zone by each country in the Arctic region and the impact of such exploitation on the maritime security of the Arctic sea. The approach used is qualitative-descriptive with a literature study method. The data used are secondary data obtained from books, journal articles, and relevant and trusted websites. The theories used in this study are climate change/climate change and maritime security/maritime security. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence of climate change on the opening of access and rising sea levels in the Arctic which results in uncertain territorial sea boundaries. Thus encouraging exploitation in the Arctic region which has implications for maritime security.

Fans of noodle food among young people are increasing every year because consumers without seeing the risk of fast food that is often consumed every day will cause disease. The emergence of this research is to develop innovative judes persea noodles where the raw material of the product is made from avocado leaves and does not use preservatives so that it can be said to be healthy food. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, which aims to understand consumer perceptions and buying interest in the innovation of healthy spicy noodles made from avocado leaves. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, including interviews with various groups such as teenagers, students, housewives, and healthy culinary actors. The results showed that the innovation of healthy spicy noodles made from avocado leaves has the potential to be accepted by the market because it contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that function as antioxidants and antibacterials, and can increase the nutritional value and durability of the product naturally. In addition, consumer perception and buying interest in this product is quite high, supported by effective marketing strategies and the use of local natural ingredients. Moral Decadence due to the lack of understanding of National and State Awareness. One form that can be.

This research discusses the semiotic signs used in the @barenbliss_id Instagram posters. This research aims to identify the verbal and visual signs used in Barenbliss Indonesia Instagram posters and explain how these signs shape consumer perception to increase brand engagement. This research used a qualitative descriptive method. The data were collected from two Instagram posters published by @barenbliss_id in November 2024. These posters were documented and analyzed by identifying their verbal and visual elements. Afterward, the interrelation of the signs to increase engagement was explained. Afterward, the interrelation of the signs to increased engagement was explained. The analysis applied Barthes’s semiotics theory and supported by Chandler’s signs framework. The findings of this research show that visual signs are more dominant than verbal signs, with a total of 13 visual signs and 7 verbal signs. The signs used are texts containing information about the product, bright and soft colors, images of the product, and models that help visually show the product’s use. The verbal and visual signs used on the posters are interrelated and complement each other. These results show that well-coordinated use of verbal and visual elements can effectively shape positive consumer perceptions and increase brand engagement.

This study aims to identify forms of violations of the right to health services in the implementation of BPJS Kesehatan, analyze the factors that cause them, and formulate preventive and limiting solutions. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with six informants who were active BPJS Health participants in Tanjung Sari, East Jambi. The results showed that there was service discrimination in the form of different treatment between BPJS patients and general patients, patient rejection, administrative obstacles in emergency situations, and unavailability of drugs and medical facilities. Contributing factors include unequal distribution of health facilities, limited human resources, and a weak monitoring system. The experiences of BPJS participants confirm the gap between the program's objectives and the reality on the ground, reflecting a denial of the state's obligation to guarantee citizens' health rights. Comprehensive efforts are needed, including public education, administrative simplification, equitable distribution of health facilities, enforcement of strict sanctions, and active community involvement to realize quality and equitable health services.

. This research analyses the transformation of slang among Indonesian youth, particularly on the TikTok platform, as an indicator of shifts in communication and cultural trends. Using a qualitative approach and content analysis, this study focuses on the use of slang in TikTok comments to understand the meaning and context of frequently used terms. We randomly collected data from comments made by TikTok users who actively use slang. The analysis results show that the term "Btw" serves as an opener for a new conversation, "Ultah" is an abbreviation for "Ulang Tahun" (Birthday), "Candu" expresses a deep liking, and "Gemoy" describes something cute or adorable. The use of these terms reflects the rapidly evolving dynamics of language among the younger generation, showing how slang strengthens social interactions in the digital media. This research is expected to provide insights into the mindset and expressions of language speakers on social media, as well as encourage discussions on the preservation of the Indonesian language in the digital era.

The vehicle ownership transfer form submission service at the Samsat Tandes Office in West Surabaya is a vital public service that frequently encounters issues such as long queues and extended waiting times. These conditions lead to user dissatisfaction and reduce the operational efficiency of the institution. This study aims to optimize the existing queuing system through a simulation-based approach to enhance service effectiveness and efficiency. The methodology includes mapping the current service process, collecting data on service times and customer arrivals, and modeling the queuing system using simulation software. Subsequently, several improvement scenarios were analyzed, including the addition of server resources. The simulation results indicate that the scenario involving the addition of one extra server during peak hours yields the most significant impact—reducing average customer waiting time by up to 20% and increasing the number of customers served per day. These findings demonstrate that simple interventions based on simulation analysis can produce substantial improvements in public service quality. In conclusion, a simulation-based approach proves to be effective in supporting strategic decision-making for queue system optimization and is highly recommended for implementation in other public service units facing similar challenges.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between workload and lunch energy distribution on the body composition of employees at Fatimah Hospital Lamongan. A Cross-Sectional analytical observational design was applied with 45 respondents selected using simple random sampling. Data collection included physical workload assessment based on SNI 7269:2009, lunch energy calculations using the Indonesian Food Composition Table, and body composition measurement using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) with the Omron HBF-214 device. The Sapiro-Wilk test showed the data were nor normally distributed (p = 0.000), hence spearman’s test was user for bivariate analysis. The result indicated a significant relationship between workload and body composition (p = 0.001), as well as between lunch energy distribution and body composition (p = 0.044). these findings emphasize the importance of managing workload and adequate lunch energy intake to maintain optimal body composition and employee productivity.

Dengue Fever is a viral infection that spreads from mosquitoes to humans. In Susunan Baru Health Center, the number of dengue cases increased by 55% in 2024.  Mosquito nest eradication (PSN) with 3M Plus combination, fogging, and community service can reduce the breeding of Aedes mosquitoes and reduce Dengue Fever. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between 3M plus behavior and Dengue Fever in Susunan Baru Health Center, Bandar Lampung City. This method is quantitative research, case control study. The sample was 128 samples, 64 case respondents and 64 control respondents (1:1). Case samples were taken with total sampling technique, control samples were taken with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted with chi-square test (α)=0.05. Conclusion There is a significant relationship between closing water reservoirs (p value = 0.000), draining water reservoirs (p value = 0.003), recycling used goods (p value = 0.000), changing flower vase water (p value = 0.000) and sprinkling larvicide powder (p value = 0.036) with the incidence of Dengue Fever in the Susunan Baru Health Center Working Area, Tanjung Karang Barat Subdistrict, Bandar Lampung City. Keywords: Aedes, DBD, Dengue Fever, PSN, 3 M Plus.

This study aims to analyze the legal remedies for denial of default in the civil procedural law system in Indonesia. The main problem raised is how the denial mechanism can provide legal protection for defendants who are not present at the trial, and how the application of denial in judicial practice is related to the principle of fair and speedy trials. The background of this study is based on the phenomenon of many civil cases being decided by default due to the absence of the defendant, which then leads to the submission of denial as a means of protecting the defendant's rights. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory approach and case studies. Data were obtained through a literature study of laws and regulations, court decisions, and relevant literature, and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that denial is an important legal right for defendants to defend themselves against unilaterally imposed decisions. However, in practice, the implementation of denial is often hampered by administrative factors, the defendant's ignorance of their rights, and different interpretations by law enforcement officers regarding the deadline for submitting denial. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations and socialize the mechanism of verzet so that the principle of justice in the civil trial process can be realized optimally.    

This research discusses the process of relocating residents from informal settlements under the Pasopati Bridge to Simple Rental Flats (Rusunawa) in Solokan Jeruk, Bandung Regency. This relocation is a policy of the Bandung City Government and West Java Provincial Government to organize extreme slum areas and provide adequate housing for low-income people. Using a qualitative approach and literature study, this research analyzes the mechanisms for implementing relocation, the actors involved, and the social and economic impacts experienced by residents after relocation. The research results show that although relocation provides access to more adequate housing and basic facilities, residents face serious challenges in terms of social adaptation, loss of community networks, increased economic burden, and loss of old sources of livelihood. Relocation also causes psychosocial pressure and shifts in the structure of social interactions due to changes in the physical environment and social norms in the flat. This study emphasizes the importance of a participatory approach and comprehensive post-relocation interventions, including economic, social and psychological support, so that relocation is not just a physical transfer, but also a sustainable life transformation for affected residents.

The development of contemporary church music, as part of the dynamic life of Christian worship, has sparked various responses—both as a relevant cultural expression and as a potential theological deviation. Music that adopts popular styles and emotionally expressive forms is often considered effective in engaging younger generations, yet it also raises concerns about shifting the focus of worship from God to human experience. This article aims to theologically examine the presence of contemporary church music in light of biblical principles of Christian worship. The method used is a descriptive qualitative literature study, drawing from theological works and research published within the last five years. The findings show that although contemporary music can serve as an effective means of fostering congregational spirituality, it must be theologically tested to ensure that musical expression does not obscure the Christ-centered essence of worship. Therefore, the church is called to integrate contemporary music into liturgy with discernment and theological responsibility.

Drug packaging not only serves as a protective barrier for pharmaceutical products but also functions as a strategic element in conveying information and ensuring consumer rights. This study is a literature review of five journals that discuss packaging innovation, legal aspects of labeling, consumer protection, and packaging design from both technological and regulatory perspectives. The aim of this study is to compare the dimensions of innovation, information, and protection in drug packaging. A narrative review method with a qualitative descriptive approach was used. The results show that innovations such as the use of adsorbent plastic and efficiency in packaging systems significantly affect product stability and production speed. Meanwhile, the inclusion of composition details and halal labeling on packaging serves as a form of consumer protection from health risks and rights violations. It is concluded that a multidimensional approach to drug packaging is essential in creating a pharmaceutical distribution system that is efficient, safe, and ethical.