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Phlegmon is a serious infection affecting the maxillofacial area. Cases of phlegmon cause more than 50% mortality before the development of antibiotics, and 90% are due to acute infection of molar teeth. Examination of cervical vertebrae can help the diagnosis by using AP Axial, Lateral, right posterior oblique (RPO)/left posterior oblique (LPO) projections of 15º-20º cephalad, and right anterior oblique (RAO)/left anterior oblique (LAO) 15º-20º caudad while in the Radiology Installation of Yogyakarta City Hospital, using AP Axial projection 15º cephalad, Lateral and oblique (RPO and LPO) with perpendicular beam direction without other modalities such as MRI and CT Scan. This study aims to further examine radiographic examination procedures and projections of RPO and LPO with perpendicular ray directions. This type of research is qualitative with a case study approach at the Radiology Installation of Yogyakarta City Hospital from September 2024 to May 2025. Data were collected by observation, documentation and interviews with 3 radiographers and 1 radiology specialist. Data analysis was done by data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed 3-position photographs to evaluate the overall condition of the cervical vertebrae and surrounding tissues. RPO and LPO projections are not angled according to the applicable SOP and have no significant effect, because the main focus of phlegmon is soft tissue evaluation and is not related to the evaluation of nerve abnormalities in the intervertebral foramen. However, for phlegmon cases with serious severity, other modalities such as MRI, CT scan or ultrasound should be added in order to detect soft tissue and the cause of phlegmon for further action.

This study aims to analyze the impact of overtime work on physical and mental fatigue of the crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya, by identifying the causal factors and consequences that may arise due to additional working hours. In this study, the researcher will apply a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted by the author on the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya owned by PT Pelayaran Manalagi which is a subsidiary of PT Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines, with the ship call sign "YBTL2" and a total load capacity of 52201 MT. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. Testing the validity of this research data used source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation. Based on the results of the study, it explains that the Overtime Pattern: The crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya experienced an average of 4.5 hours of overtime per day, with the Engine Department experiencing the highest overtime (an average of 5.2 hours). Overtime most often occurs during loading and unloading at the port (35%) and when facing bad weather (27%), Physical Impact: Continuous overtime causes significant physical impacts in the form of sleep disturbances (80%), back and waist pain (70%), and muscle pain (60%), Mental Impact: As many as 85% of crew experience moderate to severe mental fatigue due to overtime, with the main symptoms being difficulty concentrating (75%), irritability (65%), and decreased decision-making ability (60%). Safety: There is a strong positive correlation (r = 0.82) between the duration of overtime and the frequency of safety incidents. The risk of incidents increases by 28% for every additional 2 hours of overtime, Work Performance: Overtime has an impact on decreased work performance, especially in problem-solving skills (45%), compliance with procedures (41%), and effective communication (37%), Overtime Management: The most effective overtime management strategies are task rotation and fatigue management training, but their implementation is still not optimal. Limited number of personnel and operational demands are the main obstacles in minimizing overtime, Regulatory Compliance: Average working hours of MV ship crew. Keywords: Overtime Work, Physical Fatigue, Mental Crew.

Training and development of human resources (HR) is an important aspect in improving organizational capability. Organizational capacity is the power of an institution to achieve strategic goals through the proper utilization of available resources. This research aims to examine the extent to which HR training and development affect organizational capacity building. The method used is a literature review with a qualitative approach, studying various relevant previous studies. The results of the analysis show that HR training and development make a significant positive contribution to organizational capacity building in both the public and private sectors. The findings highlight the importance of continuous investment in training and development programs to improve organizational competitiveness and efficiency.  

This study aims to analyze the Capacity of the New Village Government Apparatus in Takatunga I Village, Ngada Regency. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The theory used in this research is the theory of Apparatus Capacity according to Asrori which highlights three abilities, namely basic ability, management ability and technical ability. Informants who became research sources amounted to 12 people. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in the research are interviews, observation, documentation and literature study. Data analysis techniques used in the research are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the basic skills possessed by the apparatus in Takatunga I Village were inadequate, most of the apparatus did not know the basic fundamentals of village government, their main duties and functions. In addition, Takatunga I Village does not yet have a village profile and village government organizational structure. The management skills possessed by Takatunga I village officials are still very limited; there are still complaints from the community about the services provided, because there is only one official who can operate a computer. In addition, although monitoring is limited to monitoring development, evaluation in Takatunga I Village is still limited to reporting every semester. The financial disbursement process is well done, but the accountability aspect is still less than optimal. The technical capabilities of the Takatunga I Village apparatus are quite good, despite having limited facilities and mastery of technology such as computers.

This study aims to identify the determinant factors in implementing innovation in the field of education in Makassar City, using qualitative research. Based on the source, the types of data used are primary and secondary. Data obtained through interviews with the education office and principals, while secondary data is data obtained from various literature such as books, laws and other related sources. The results of the study indicate that there are 3 main determinant factors in implementing innovation in the field of education, namely a). Leadership that plays an important role in implementing innovation wisely and encouraging the enthusiasm of teachers, students and stakeholders, with the commitment of visionary leaders playing a very important role in building a culture of innovation in the midst of educational transformation. Leadership can ensure that schools face future challenges and maximize technology to improve student learning outcomes. b) A conducive school culture is important for innovation and technological development in the world of education, school culture is interpreted as the quality of school life that continues to grow and develop based on a hard work ethic and certain values ​​​​held by the school. c) Resources as the fulfillment of the need for adequate resources are important so that innovation can be implemented effectively. Educational innovation strategies involve collaboration and involvement of stakeholders, such as teachers, students, parents, school administrators, and policy makers.

The aim of this research is to explain the meaning and symbols of goats in the Lawa  Pipi (goat running) tradition in the Hili Country Community, Leihitu District, Central Maluku. This research uses an approach based on a descriptive approach which focuses on real problems that existed at the time the research was conducted. Through descriptive research, the author tries to describe the events of the Lawa Pipi (Goat Running) Eid al-Adha tradition in the people of Hila State, Central Maluku which is the center of attention without giving special treatment. Based on research carried out by data obtained by informants, the Lawa Pipi paga tradition of Eid al-Adha in Negeri Hila, Leihitu District, Central Maluku is a tradition that has been passed down by ancestors. The religiosity belief of the Lawa Pipi (Goat Running) Tradition is carrying a goat by circling the Hasan Soleman Mosque seven times, the people of Hila State interpret it as carrying out the Hajj pilgrimage around the Black Stone seven times, This is because the Lawa Pipi (Goat Running) tradition involves the Tawaf process where people experience the Tawaf journey directly even though they do not go to the city of Mecca. According to the community, the Lawa Pipi (Goat Running) tradition is carried out as an effort to get closer to Allah SWT and is believed to bring good fortune, long life and the desire to go to the Holy Land can be achieved.

The digital era brings new challenges and opportunities in Arabic language learning, so the development of innovative and adaptive curriculum-based teaching materials is very important. This article discusses innovations in the development of Arabic language teaching materials that utilize digital technology, such as multimedia, mobile applications, and interactive e-learning platforms, to create a more effective, engaging, and contextual learning experience. With a qualitative approach and case studies in secondary education environments, this study shows that the integration of technology in teaching materials can increase students' interest, motivation, and understanding of Arabic. In addition, this article identifies various obstacles, such as limited infrastructure and teacher readiness, and provides recommendations for sustainable development that is inclusive and responsive to the needs of the times. These findings are expected to be the basis for the development of Arabic language teaching materials that are relevant to the curriculum and able to answer the demands of learning in the digital era.

Pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period can all be more hazardous for the health of the mother and fetus in high-risk pregnancies. By doing a thorough literature analysis, this study seeks to determine the contributing factors to high-risk pregnancies. Methods: A systematic review of the literature utilizing ten national journals from PubMed and ten foreign journals from Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were observational and cohort research articles published between 2020 and 2024, as well as systematic reviews of research articles with their determinants found in databases like PubMed and Google Scholar. Maternal factors (age <20 or >35 years, history of chronic diseases, and maternal health condition), obstetric factors (pregnancy spacing too close, multiparity, or history of previous pregnancy complications), and socioeconomic factors (low education, limited access to health services, and poor economic status) are the factors that contribute to high-risk pregnancies, according to the analysis. Furthermore, bad lifestyle choices like drinking alcohol, smoking, and not eating enough food all play a big part. The study's findings emphasize the value of multifaceted initiatives that include education, better access to healthcare, and a comprehensive approach to policy in order to lower high pregnancy risk.

Assertive is a form of learning that forms the identity of an individual. Assertive ability can also bring up communication skills that can assist individuals in carrying out their social demands. Assertive behavior is important for children to have to prevent sexual violence, bullying and communication difficulties in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pop up books in increasing assertiveness in children. The method used in this study is an experimental research method which uses a pre-test post-test control group design. Data collection was carried out through observation with the checklist recording technique. Data analysis used is descriptive analysis. The subjects in this study were class II children of SD Negeri Padang Lua for the 2022/2023 academic year, aged 8-9 years. Based on the results of the pre-post test analysis, there was a significant difference in the form of an increase in assertive behavior in the experimental group. This proves that the use of pop up books is effective in increasing assertiveness in children. It is hoped that future researchers will implement this research in a more conducive environment and with a longer intervention time.

Rhinitis is one of the health conditions commonly found in the community, with a high prevalence both globally and in Indonesia. These disorders have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, interfere with daily activities, and have the potential to lead to complications such as sinusitis and asthma. Educational efforts through health counseling are an important strategy in improving public knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to the prevention and management of rhinitis. This counseling activity aims to expand public understanding of rhinitis, including definitions, risk factors, symptoms, preventive measures, and self-management that can be applied in daily life. The methods used include interactive lectures, group discussions, and question and answer sessions, with the target of the general public who have risks or complaints related to rhinitis. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in participants' understanding of the condition of rhinitis and the importance of preventive measures. Participants showed a higher awareness of the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness, avoiding exposure to allergens, and implementing a healthy lifestyle. In addition, there was an increase in participants' proactivity in seeking health information and a commitment to implement preventive behaviors consistently. This counseling has a positive impact on improving public health literacy and encouraging constructive changes in attitudes in dealing with rhinitis. It is hoped that similar activities can be carried out in a sustainable and widespread manner, so as to contribute to reducing the prevalence of rhinitis and improving the quality of life of the community in general. Community-based counseling has proven to be effective as a promotive and preventive approach in handling chronic and recurrent diseases such as rhinitis.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a permanent, non-progressive motor disorder that occurs due to brain damage experienced before, during, or after birth. This condition is generally characterized by activity limitations and can be accompanied by various other disorders, such as delayed cognitive development, visual impairment, speech disorders, and neuromuscular disorders. Management of cerebral palsy is usually multidisciplinary, including physiotherapy, behavioral therapy, speech therapy, nutritional management, pharmacotherapy, and surgical intervention, with the aim of improving the patient's quality of life. This case report discusses a male patient, An. AZ, aged 4 years and 6 months, who was brought by his parents to the Emergency Department of Cut Meutia General Hospital, North Aceh with the chief complaint of seizures that had occurred two days before admission and had worsened in the past day. The patient had been diagnosed with cerebral palsy since early childhood and regularly underwent physiotherapy. From the anamnesis, it was revealed that the patient experienced weakness on the left side of the body, which was more dominant than the right side. This condition is consistent with the manifestation of hemiplegia in cerebral palsy patients. Physical examination revealed delayed motor development, increased muscle tone on the left side, and enhanced pathological reflexes. Acute seizure management included administering anticonvulsant medication according to protocol, monitoring vital signs, and close observation in the inpatient ward. In addition to pharmacological therapy, the patient was advised to continue regular physiotherapy to maintain motor function, prevent contractures, and support the development of daily activities. This case emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to the management of cerebral palsy, particularly when complicated by seizures. Integration of acute medical care, rehabilitative therapy, and family support plays a crucial role in improving the patient's quality of life.

This study examines in depth the history and development of Kaing Lunggi—the local term for songket cloth—in the Sambas region, West Kalimantan. This study has two main focuses. First, tracing the history of the cloth and textile trade in Southeast Asia that became the background for the entry of external influences into the Sambas region. Second, understanding how Kaing Lunggi emerged, developed, and transformed within the social, economic, and cultural contexts of the local community. Using a historical approach and textile cultural analysis, this study positions Kaing Lunggi as a cultural product born from the dynamics of regional trade since the Sambas Sultanate era. Historical records show that trade networks during that period connected Sambas with major trading centers such as Malacca, Singapore, and the coastal areas of Borneo. Through this route, there was an exchange of raw materials, weaving techniques, and decorative motifs that were then adapted by local artisans. The process of aculturation is visible in Kaing Lunggi motifs that combine local elements with external influences, such as typical Indonesian flora and fauna combined with geometric patterns and typical Malay stylization. The songket weaving technique demonstrates high skill and has been passed down through generations, making it an important part of intangible cultural heritage. Besides its economic value as a trade commodity, Kaing Lunggi also holds a symbolic role. It is worn in various traditional ceremonies, religious celebrations, and as a marker of social status in Sambas society. The use of color, gold thread, and the complexity of the motifs serve as indicators of the wearer's identity and prestige. The results of this study confirm that traditional textiles such as Kaing Lunggi function not only as cultural artifacts but also as active agents in shaping the history and identity of the community. They represent cross-cultural encounters and serve as evidence of the resilience of local traditions amidst globalization.

Opposition is an important element in a democratic system that functions as a mechanism of control over power. In the context of Indonesian constitutionality, the existence of the opposition is a prerequisite for the realization of a healthy and effective democracy. However, in practice, the term opposition is often equated with the principle of checks and balances, thus causing a blur of meaning between the two. This paper aims to examine the paradigm of the opposition in the Pancasila democratic system and analyze the relationship between the opposition and the principle of checks and balances in the Indonesian constitutional system. This research uses a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach, through a conceptual approach and a legislative approach. An analysis was carried out on the doctrines of constitutional law and provisions in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia related to the implementation of opposition and the principle of checks and balances. This approach was chosen to explore legal issues in depth and find a comprehensive understanding of the role of the opposition in the Indonesian constitutional system. The results of the study show that even though Indonesia does not adhere to a parliamentary or presidential system with two parties, the implementation of the opposition is still relevant and carried out with attention to the values of consensus in Pancasila democracy. The opposition in Indonesia is not confrontational, but constructive and oriented towards strengthening the system of supervision of power. Opposition and the principle of checks and balances are two concepts that are terminologically different, but interrelated and inseparable in Indonesian constitutional practice. Both serve as important instruments in maintaining the balance of power and ensuring accountability in the administration of government. Thus, a proper understanding of the opposition paradigm and the principle of checks and balances is the key to strengthening constitutional democracy in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine the difference in learning outcomes of computerized accounting subjects before and after the implementation of differentiated instruction. This study uses an experimental method in the form of one group pretest-posttest with a total sample of 36 students in grade 11 of the Accounting Department. The statistical test results show the value of Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 <0.05. Thus, hypothesis testing which states that there are differences in learning outcomes of computerized accounting subjects before and after the implementation of differentiated instruction is accepted in this study.

This research aims to analyze the ethical and professional dilemmas within the prosecutorial institution, particularly concerning the bribery case involving Prosecutor Pinangki Sirna Malasari. The study focuses on the legal implications and systemic impacts of the ethical violations committed by law enforcement officials. A case study methodology with a qualitative analysis approach was employed, including document reviews, court rulings, and media coverage. The findings indicate that the bribery actions of Prosecutor Pinangki reflect a degradation of integrity and professionalism within the prosecution service, potentially undermining public trust in the criminal justice system. Furthermore, this study identifies gaps in oversight and weak enforcement of internal ethical codes as contributory factors to the violations. The implications of this case extend beyond legal aspects, impacting social and political dimensions, given the central role of the prosecution in upholding the rule of law. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive reforms in recruitment, promotion, and oversight systems within the prosecution service, alongside heightened awareness regarding the importance of professional ethics for every prosecutor. This study recommends strengthening both internal and external control mechanisms and imposing strict sanctions for any ethical violations to restore public trust and maintain the integrity of the prosecutorial institution.

The purpose of Community Service (PKM) is to improve the understanding and ability of business owners and crew members (ABK) in conducting simple and applicable financial analysis. This activity will be carried out in Laha Village, Ambon City, in May 2025 with the main target of the Arumbae ship fishing business actors and their crews. This PKM is carried out in three main stages, namely: the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the monitoring and evaluation stage. In the preparation stage, an initial approach is made to ship owners and crew members to establish communication and identify specific needs related to understanding and skills in financial analysis. The implementation phase includes training activities that are designed in a participatory and applicable manner, using Microsoft Excel software as the main tool in calculating and analyzing the feasibility of the business. The training material includes business feasibility analysis techniques, cash management, simple financial recording, and profit and loss projections. The benefits felt by the participants were very significant. Business owners now have a better understanding of the importance of financial management, and can prepare a business feasibility analysis independently. They also show an improvement in the ability to prepare simple financial statements, as well as being motivated to develop fishing ventures to a larger and more sustainable scale. Monitoring shows a noticeable increase in understanding and skills after training. This activity also has a positive impact on building an orderly and disciplined financial recording culture, which has not previously been a habit among fishermen. In the future, it is hoped that this training can be replicated to other fishermen groups in the coastal area of Maluku to expand the impact. The conclusion of this activity shows that an educational and practical approach is able to encourage the increase of fishermen's capacity in the financial aspect of business. This activity also opens up opportunities for the development of fishing businesses professionally and oriented towards the sustainability of the local economy.

The development of the Islamic financial industry in Indonesia has shown significant growth, both in terms of institutions, products, and public participation. However, public doubts remain regarding the level of Sharia compliance of these financial products. Halal certification is a crucial instrument for ensuring that a financial product truly complies with Sharia principles. This study aims to analyze the urgency of halal certification for Islamic financial products and its implications for consumer trust from a Sharia economic law perspective. The research method used is qualitative with a normative-juridical approach through a literature review of laws and regulations, fatwas from the National Sharia Council (DSN-MUI), and previous research findings. The results indicate that halal certification for Islamic financial products plays a strategic role in increasing transparency, accountability, and public trust. However, there is regulatory overlap between Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Assurance and the provisions of the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Therefore, harmonization of regulations and strengthening oversight by the Sharia Supervisory Board are crucial steps in ensuring the integrity of the Islamic financial system.

The family is the smallest social unit in society that plays an important role in individual development. Harmonius relationships within the family are the main foundation for creating individuals who are physically, emotionally, and psychologically healthy. Family Psychodynamics is an approach to family counseling that is rooted in psychoanalytic theory. This approach focuses on unconscious emotional patterns in relationships between family members, as well as the influence of childhood experiences on current family dynamics. Behavioral Social Family Counseling is an approach to family counseling that combines psychodynamic principles with social behavioral theory. This approach focuses on how social interactions and behaviors observed within the family affect the dynamics of relationships between family members.The Structural Family Approach is a counseling model that emphasizes family structure, including roles, hierarchies, and patterns of relationships between family members. This approach was developed by Salvador Minuchin, who believed that families have a structure that influences interactions between family members.  

Indonesia's Golden Vision 2045 demands the readiness of superior, creative, and adaptive human resources in the face of rapid digital technological advancements. Digital literacy is one of the primary foundations that must be instilled from an early age, particularly at the elementary school level. This article aims to comprehensively examine the importance of digital literacy at the elementary school level, its role in shaping 21st-century character and skills, and the challenges and strategies for its implementation in elementary education. Through a literature review method, this article analyzes various research findings and best practices related to strengthening digital literacy in elementary school-aged children.The results show that digital literacy not only enhances students' technical skills in operating digital devices but also fosters critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and effective communication. Additionally, digital literacy plays a crucial role in building digital ethics awareness and cybersecurity, as well as promoting reading interest through interactive learning media. However, challenges persist, including limited facilities, uneven teacher competence, and a lack of integration of digital literacy in the curriculum. To overcome these obstacles, synergy is needed between schools, governments, and communities in providing infrastructure, teacher training, and developing relevant curricula.Thus, strengthening digital literacy from elementary school is a strategic step in preparing a smart, critical, and competitive generation, while supporting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Indonesia's Golden Vision 2045.

This study analyzes the impact of employee performance on customer satisfaction in using the PLN Mobile application at PT PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Wilayah Maluku and Maluku Utara. The study employs simple linear regression analysis, utilizing t-tests and F-tests to assess the significance of the relationship between variables. The findings reveal that employee performance has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, with a regression coefficient of 0.787 and a significance value of < 0.001. The F-test results indicate that the regression model is valid and effectively explains variations in customer satisfaction, with an F-value of 1834.299, significantly exceeding the critical F-table value. Additionally, the high coefficient of determination (R²) suggests that most variations in customer satisfaction can be explained by employee performance. This study confirms that optimizing employee performance is a key factor in improving customer satisfaction, particularly in digital services such as PLN Mobile. Therefore, PT PLN (Persero) must enhance employee competence and service quality to support digital transformation and meet customer expectations.