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Early childhood education plays an important role in the formation of children's personality and development. This study aims to identify the application of transformational leadership in Early Childhood Education institutions to welcome 21st century education. The important key in creating an innovative, adaptive and creative learning environment lies in the transformational leadership style so as to increase children's potential to the fullest. The method used in this research is a literature review, by analyzing various relevant literature sources to assess the impact and importance of transformational leadership in the world of early childhood education. Transformational leadership has enormous potential, so the results of this study can help realize a generation that is not only intellectually intelligent, but also socially and emotionally developed, in accordance with the demands of an ever-evolving world.  

Remittance money is a number of cost contributions given from the groom-to-be to the prospective in-laws to meet the needs of the wedding. The tradition of money delivery in the culture of the Mandailing Angkola community, especially in Aek Nabara Jae Village, is a symbol of the bride-to-be's seriousness towards the woman. However, in practice, this tradition often causes problems when the nominal amount set exceeds the reasonable limit. Too high a dowry has caused many couples, especially from the lower middle economic class, to be forced to postpone their marriage. This research aims to examine the implementation and determination of remittances in local wedding customs, as well as how Islamic law views these conditions. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive method through field observation and interviews. The results of the study showed that the determination of remittance money was influenced by education level, social status, and the intervention of extended families. In the view of Islamic law, the determination of the dowry that burdens and hinders marriage is contrary to the principle of convenience and benefit in muamalah.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Public Service Standards in inpatient services at Dumai City Regional General Hospital (RSUD) as an important part of the provision of health services to the community. Public service standards are needed to ensure service quality, efficiency, transparency, and public satisfaction as service users. However, in practice, various problems are still found, particularly related to the timeliness of service, clarity of service costs, and the availability of supporting facilities and infrastructure. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with research subjects including hospital management, inpatient service staff, and community service users. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation studies to obtain a comprehensive picture of the implementation of public service standards. The data obtained were analyzed using thematic analysis methods through the stages of data transcription, coding, theme identification, theme grouping, and data interpretation. The results of the study indicate that the overall implementation of Public Service Standards in inpatient care at Dumai City Regional General Hospital is in the good category. Indicators of service procedures, service products, and the competence of service providers have been implemented quite optimally, characterized by clear procedures, services that meet patient needs, and friendly and professional staff attitudes. However, the service completion time and cost indicators are still in the fairly good category, which indicates delays in service and limited information regarding costs received by patients. Furthermore, facilities and infrastructure are the indicators that require the most attention, especially regarding the comfort of the waiting room and the completeness of service support equipment. In conclusion, although the standard of public service at the Dumai City Regional Hospital inpatient has been running well, continuous improvement efforts are needed to increase service time efficiency, cost transparency, and the provision of facilities and infrastructure to increase public satisfaction and trust in health services.

Public service is the primary indicator of the effectiveness of government bureaucratic performance, as it directly reflects how well public institutions meet community needs. This study aims to evaluate the quality of public services at the Dumai City SAMSAT Office using the SERVQUAL approach, which consists of five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with a purposive sampling technique. Informants included one SAMSAT employee and two service users selected based on their direct experience with the service process. Data were collected through interviews and observations to gain an in-depth understanding of service implementation. The findings reveal that the tangible, empathy, and responsiveness dimensions have been implemented relatively well, indicated by improved facilities, supportive infrastructure, and faster service delivery. However, weaknesses remain in the reliability and assurance dimensions, particularly regarding service consistency and the professionalism and attitude of officers toward the public. The study recommends strengthening integrated service systems and enhancing ethics and service excellence training for employees to improve overall service quality.

Mutis Timau National Park is an important conservation area located in the South central Timor Regency, North Central Timor Regency and Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, which includes the customary areas of various local communities in West Timor-Indonesia. The establishment of this National Park gives a controversial impression from the indigenous people as stakeholders who have long lived, inherited, preserved and controlled the Mutis Timau area, the indigenous people feel that the consolidation in order to achieve a consensus between the indigenous people and the state, does not involve the indigenous people as a whole because of the fact that the indigenous people have historical and ecological values ​​​​attached to the area. This article discusses the importance of revitalizing the role of indigenous peoples in the process of establishing and managing Mutis Timau National Park through a participatory approach, recognition of customary rights and integration of local wisdom in conservation. Therefore, a more inclusive and collaborative state policy is needed to ensure the sustainability of the natural environment and social justice as a form of state recognition for indigenous peoples.

The rapid adoption of algorithmic systems in public governance has transformed decision-making and service delivery, offering promises of efficiency and transparency. Yet, these technologies raise pressing concerns regarding fairness, bias, and social justice. This study investigates the intersection of digital governance, algorithmic decision-making, and social justice, with particular emphasis on emerging democracies. Employing a qualitative socio-legal approach, the research combines normative analysis of governance regulations, case studies of algorithmic applications in public administration, and interviews with policymakers and technology law experts. Comparative analysis across emerging democracies highlights diverse strategies for addressing equity concerns in algorithmic systems. Findings reveal that while algorithmic systems enhance efficiency, they often reinforce existing inequalities due to insufficient safeguards against bias and discrimination. Moreover, regulatory frameworks remain fragmented and inadequate to ensure fairness and accountability. The study proposes the development of adaptive legal frameworks that integrate transparency, accountability, and citizen engagement into AI governance. By embedding social justice principles into algorithmic regulation, governments can foster inclusive policy design and equitable outcomes. This research contributes to ongoing debates on balancing technological innovation with democratic values, emphasizing the need for governance models that prioritize fairness alongside efficiency.

Economic globalization has profoundly reshaped the legal and social structures of indigenous communities, often intensifying conflicts between state law and indigenous law. These conflicts stem from divergent legal norms and the marginalization of indigenous rights within national development agendas. This study investigates the interaction between state law and indigenous law, with particular attention to the impact of globalization and its implications for indigenous rights. Employing a qualitative socio-legal approach, the research utilizes a case study of a specific indigenous community, supported by interviews with indigenous leaders and policymakers, as well as analysis of national and international legal documents. The interpretative method highlights the meaning embedded in legal interactions and the lived experiences of indigenous communities. Findings reveal persistent tensions between state law and indigenous traditions, yet demonstrate that legal pluralism provides a constructive framework for reconciliation. Recognition of indigenous law contributes to social justice and underscores the need for inclusive development policies that promote economic fairness. The study concludes that national legal reforms are essential to strengthen the integration of indigenous law into formal structures, thereby advancing a more equitable and culturally responsive legal system.

The rapid advancement and integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into diverse sectors of society have generated complex ethical and human rights challenges. Technologies involving surveillance, data collection, algorithmic decision-making, and facial recognition pose significant risks to privacy, equality, and freedom of expression. This study examines the intersection of AI and human rights through a comparative analysis of regulatory frameworks in the European Union (EU), the United States (US), and Asia. Employing a comparative legal approach, the research analyzes international and national regulatory instruments, including the EU AI Act, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and China’s Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL). Case studies of AI-related human rights violations, such as algorithmic bias and discrimination, are incorporated to illustrate real-world implications. Findings reveal substantial differences in governance approaches: the EU emphasizes a risk-based model prioritizing human rights protections, while the US and Asia adopt more fragmented or centralized strategies. The study underscores the urgent need for global regulatory harmonization to safeguard fundamental rights and promote ethical AI development. By highlighting both strengths and limitations of existing frameworks, the research contributes to ongoing debates on balancing innovation with accountability, transparency, and human rights protection in the digital era.

The rapid proliferation of misinformation across digital platforms has emerged as a critical challenge, undermining public trust, shaping opinion, and eroding the quality of democratic discourse. As reliance on digital platforms for information dissemination intensifies, the regulation of online content has become a focal issue for scholars, policymakers, and platform operators. This study examines the intersection of cyber law, platform governance, and content moderation, analyzing how platforms manage misinformation while balancing freedom of expression. Employing a normative and socio-legal approach, the research utilizes comparative methodology to assess national and international cyber law frameworks, alongside case studies of platforms such as Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. Public policy analysis is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of current governance models. Findings reveal significant variation in regulatory responses, with the European Union’s Digital Services Act offering a robust framework but facing enforcement challenges. Platforms, acting as non-state regulators, are criticized for inconsistent moderation and limited transparency. The study concludes that hybrid regulatory models combining state intervention with platform self-regulation hold promise for addressing misinformation effectively while safeguarding digital rights. This research contributes to ongoing debates on balancing free speech, accountability, and social control in the digital age.

This study is motivated by the teacher's learning strategies having a significant impact on student motivation, understanding, and learning outcomes so that students are expected to be able to learn effectively. The formulation of the problem in this study is: (1) How are the learning strategies used by teachers to improve the learning effectiveness of class X students in geography subjects at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung? (2) What are the obstacles for teachers in improving the learning effectiveness of class X students in geography subjects at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung? (3) What is the impact on students in the application of teacher strategies in geography subjects for class X at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung? The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the learning strategies used by teachers in improving the learning effectiveness of class X students in geography subjects at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung. (2) to determine the obstacles for teachers in improving the learning effectiveness of class X students in geography subjects at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung. (3) to determine the impact on students in the application of teacher strategies in geography subjects for class X at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Informants in this study include Geography teachers and class X students at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung and all parties involved. The results of the study indicate that the Learning Strategies used by teachers in improving the effectiveness of student learning in Geography Subjects at SMAN 1 Ngunut Tulungagung are 2, namely Expository and Inquiry Strategies. The obstacles experienced include: 1) lack of response in the learning process, 2) bad influence from friends, 3) sleeping in class. Impact on students in implementing teacher strategies in Geography subjects for class X The ability to draw conclusions, students are able to present conclusions in a coherent and sequential manner. This study recommends that teachers are expected to be active in participating in training, coaching which is usually held at school or outside school regarding learning strategies. For students, it is hoped that students can focus more on the subject matter taught by the teacher.

This study aims to examine the application of varied learning methods in Pancasila Education subjects in grade 1 of SD Negeri Cipaku 2 Bogor City. The research was conducted with a descriptive approach through observation, questionnaire distribution, and document analysis. The results show that the application of differentiation strategies—including content, processes, and products—is able to increase students' enthusiasm and involvement in learning activities. Teachers first conduct diagnostic tests to map students' learning interests and needs before developing appropriate teaching methods. The students' response to learning was very positive, and the teacher felt that the strategies implemented successfully met their needs and interests. The main challenge in differentiated learning is to change the perception of students who think that the learning process is uniform. To overcome this, teachers provide an understanding that different methods are not forms of discrimination, but rather ways to adapt learning to individual needs. These findings indicate that the differentiation approach is effective in increasing the effectiveness of learning and student involvement in understanding Pancasila Education.

This class action research was carried out on grade VI students of SD N Sukamaju, Megamendung District, Bogor Regency, for the 2024/2025 Academic Year, to improve mathematics learning outcomes, especially in ratio materials. The Problem-Based learning (PBL) model is applied in two cycles, each of which includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results showed an increase in student enthusiasm from 35.00% in the initial condition to 60.00% in the first cycle and 75.00% in the second cycle. An increase was also seen in learning outcomes, which increased from 65.65% in cycle I to 91.30% in cycle II. Students' activity in understanding the concept of ratio increased from 60.00% in cycle I to 90.00% in cycle II, while learning satisfaction based on questionnaires increased from 72.50% to 92.50%. The teacher's ability to implement PBL also developed from a fairly good category with a score of 1.9 to very good with a score of 3.24 in the first cycle and 3.9 in the second cycle. The final evaluation showed an increase in student learning completeness from 35.00% in the initial condition to 60.00% in the first cycle and 95.00% in the second cycle, with the average class increasing from 57.50 to 70.00 in the first cycle and 81.75 in the second cycle. These findings indicate that the PBL approach effectively improves student engagement and learning outcomes in understanding the concept of ratios.

This study analyzes the impact of Workload and Physical Work Environment on Job Satisfaction of employees of PT. Delta Dunia Sandang Tekstil (DDST) in Demak, with Job Stress as an intermediary variable. Using 180 samples and multiple linear regression analysis (Smartpls v4), it was found that Workload, Physical Work Environment, and Job Stress significantly affect Job Satisfaction. Physical Work Environment has the greatest influence on Job Stress (effect size 0.785), indicating the importance of a good work environment to reduce stress. Job Stress is also significant on Job Satisfaction (effect size 0.147), confirming that stress management increases satisfaction. Workload also has a strong influence on Job Satisfaction (effect size 0.293) and Job Stress (effect size 0.145), highlighting the need for a balanced workload. However, the direct effect of Physical Work Environment on Job Satisfaction in this model is not significant.

Dalam Keputusan Penggunaan, Turbo Marketing  menjadi sebuah alasan utama dalam menetukan keputusan untuk menggunakan suatu layananan, Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh Turbo Marketing  terhadap keputusan Penggunaan Grab food di kota bima, Jenis penelitian yaitu Asosiatif, Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dengan skala likert. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh konsumen yang pernah mengunakan layanan grab food  yang jumlahnya tidak diketahui pasti (Unknown Population) jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 50 responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, kuesioner, dan study pustaka. Teknik Analisa data dengan melakukan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji regresi linear sederhana, koefisien korelasi, uji determinasi,dan uji t Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Turbo Marketing berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keputusan penggunaan Grab food di kota bima

Pertumbuhan laba adalah peningkatan presentase keuntungan bisnis. Perubahan profit yang baik menunjukan bahwa keadaan keuangan perusahaan baik, serta meningkatkan nilai perusahaan. Kinerja perusahaan dapat membaik seiring meningkatnya profit perusahaan. Penelitian ini memiliki maksud untuk memahami hal apa yang mempengaruhi Debt to Equity Ratio (DER)  dan Total Asset Turnover (TATO) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba suatu perusahaan. Penelitian ini memakai Solvabilitas (DER), Aktivitas (TATO), terhadap Pertumbuhan laba Sampelyang digunakan yaitu 11 tahun mulai dari tahun 2012-2022. Penentuan sampel memakai teknik purposive sampling. Teknik analisis yang dipakai ialah Uji asumsi klasik (Uji normalitas, Uji Multikolinearitas, Uji Heterokedastitas, Uji autokerasi), Regresi linear berganda (Koefisien Korelasi, Koefisien Determinasi ) Uji hipotesis ( Uji T dan Uji F ). Hasil observasi menerangkan Debt to Equity Ratio tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Total Asset Turnover tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero). Debt to Equity Ratio dan Total Asset Turnover secara simultan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero)

Penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh insentif, non finansial – reward dan disiplin kerja terhadap motivasi kerja salesperson toko candi elektronik 310 Surakarta. Hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu H1 : diduga intensif berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja, H2 : diduga non finansial - reward berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja, H3 : diduga disiplin kerja berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja, dan H4 : diduga insentif, non finansial - reward, dan disiplin kerja secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan angket kuesioner, yang bertujuan untuk memberikan penjelasan. Penelitian survei merupakan penelitian yang mengambil sampel dari suatu populasi dan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpulan yang pokok. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling atau sensus yaitu teknik penentuan sampel bila semua anggota populasi digunakan sebagai sampel. Penelitian melibatkan sebanyak 34 orang karyawan sebagai responden, data dianalisis dengan model regresi linear berganda dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS v26. Hasil analisa data menunjukkan bahwa nilai Thitung variabel Insentif sebesar 4,217, variabel Non Finansial - Reward sebesar 2,955 dan Disiplin Kerja sebesar 3,638. Sedangkan untuk nilai ttabel sebesar 2,042. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa insentif, non finansial – reward dan disiplin kerja secara parsial dan simultan berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja Toko Candi Elektronik 310 Surakarta.

UMKM merupakan kegiatan usaha yang mampu memperluas dan memberikan peluang bagi masyarakat untuk pemerataan dan peningkatan pendapatan, mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi, yang berperan dalam mewujudkan stabilatas nasional. Peran serta pemerintah daerah melalui Dinas Koperasi, Usaha Kecil, Menengah dan Perdagangan (DKUKMP) Kota Bontang dalam pemberdayaan diharapkan dapat memperluas lapangan kerja, meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat serta bisa lebih banyak menyerap tenaga kerja. UMKM diharapkan semakin berperan dalam menekan angka pengangguran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implementasi pemberdayaan UMKM dalam rangka peningkatan perekonomian di Kota Bontang. Peneliti menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah Kota Bontang melalui DKUKMP telah memberikan dukungan dalam program pemberdayaan UMKM dan terjadi peningkatan dari tahun 2019 sampai dengan tahun 2023.

This research aims to determine the influence of the rule of law and understanding of accounting on Regional Financial Management Accountability. The population in this study were all BKAD employees of Gunungkidul Regency. Sampling was carried out using purposive sampling, namely employees related to the financial management report of BKAD Gunungkidul Regency. The data analysis used is the path coefficient value. The results of this research show that the rule of law has a positive effect on accountability. Understanding accounting has no effect on accountability. The implication in this research is that the rule of law is an important variable in influencing the accountability of regional financial management in Gunungkidul Regency. The rule of law is a tool to monitor and encourage the creation of correct, transparent and fair government management in accordance with the rules of law.      

Pemerintah merencanakan pemindahan ibu kota negara (IKN) ke Kalimantan Timur, yang telah disepakati oleh DPR RI pada awal 2022. Meskipun terdapat lebih dari enam pertimbangan utama, alasan ini belum cukup untuk menggerakkan IKN dari DKI Jakarta ke Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kebijakan publik terkait pemindahan IKN menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, menganalisis substansi dan implementasi kebijakan, serta meneliti tanggapan para pemangku kepentingan. Proses ini menyoroti pro dan kontra dalam persiapan, pembiayaan, dan dampak ekonomi serta sosial-ekologis dari pemindahan ini, sambil membandingkannya dengan pengalaman negara lain. Penelitian ini mengelompokkan faktor pendorong dan penghambat dalam pemindahan IKN, yang memiliki potensi strategis untuk transformasi ekonomi namun harus mempertimbangkan aspek sosiologis dan geografis. Media sosial, khususnya Twitter, berperan penting dalam membentuk opini publik mengenai perencanaan pemindahan IKN. Penelitian yang dilakukan dari Maret hingga Mei 2022 ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan studi pustaka dan analisis data melalui aplikasi Nvivo 12 Plus, menemukan bahwa teori agenda setting mempengaruhi opini publik di Twitter terkait pemindahan IKN.

This article discusses the meaning of marriage as a holy covenant from the perspective of the New Testament, particularly for Christian couples who have not been blessed with children. This study employs a qualitative method through literature review of the Bible, theological books, and relevant scientific sources. The findings show that, in Christian teaching, the value of marriage is not solely determined by the presence of children, but rather by unity, love, and commitment centered on Christ. Marriage is seen as a reflection of the relationship between Christ and His church, requiring faithfulness and perseverance in facing life’s challenges, including the struggle of childlessness. New Testament theological principles provide comfort and strength for couples to remain faithful in marriage, and emphasize the importance of building a family that reflects God’s love and truth, regardless of having children.