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The process of Islamization in Sulawesi is an important part of the cultural and religious history of the region. Islamization not only played a role in religious change, but also involved acculturation through strong oral traditions among local communities, such as the Bugis, Makassar, and Mandar. Oral traditions including poetry, fables, proverbs, and traditional rituals were used as the main media for spreading Islamic teachings. With the arrival of Islam in the 15th and 16th centuries, Islamic values ​​were combined with local customs such as siri’ and pangadereng. The role of the nobility and ulama was very important in spreading Islamic teachings through familiar cultural narratives. In addition, traditional performing arts such as kacapi and pakarena became a means of spreading Islamic values ​​in a form that was easily accepted by the community. This article highlights how oral traditions played a role as a tool for Islamization in Sulawesi, as well as the challenges faced in maintaining these traditions in the modern era.

A leader is a highly important position that carries significant responsibility. In the books of Hadith, there are many terms that mean leader, such as Imām, Emīr, Khalīfah, Ḥakīm, Sulṭān, Mālik, Sayyid, Jabbār, Rāʿin, Qayṣar, Kisrā, and Aʿājim. The aim of this research is to understand leadership from the perspective of the Prophet’s hadiths. The study of leadership from the hadith perspective shows that there are various terms for leadership, and each term can also have multiple meanings. The approach used in this paper is the contemporary hadith approach of Yūsuf al-Qarḍāwī. This research employs a quantitative method based on library research, such as literature, books, journals, or other scientific works. The primary sources used are hadiths on leadership found in major hadith collections and the book Kayfa Nataʿāmal Maʿa al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah. Secondary sources include literature, books, journals, and other scientific works that discuss leadership. This research is linear in nature because it uses only one approach from a single field of study. It also briefly covers the meanings of leadership terms from dictionaries and various scholars.

Corruption is an extraordinary crime and has a systemic impact that is detrimental to the state and society at large. To overcome this problem, the Indonesian legal system provides the option of implementing the death penalty, which is regulated in Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption. However, the application of the death penalty has raised significant debate from various perspectives, both legal, philosophical, and sociological, considering that this action is contrary to the principle of respect for human rights. This study will discuss the threat of the death penalty as a form of ultimum remedium, namely as a last resort carried out in certain circumstances, such as when corruption occurs in a crisis or disaster situation. To analyze the effectiveness and urgency of implementing the death penalty in the context of anti-corruption law enforcement, a legal-normative approach is used

This article examines teacher empowerment and the professionalism of educators in Indonesia during the Reformasi and post-Reform era, with a comprehensive academic review approach. The Reform era marked a significant change in education governance, particularly in terms of decentralization and autonomy that provided greater space for independent and contextual teacher capacity development. This research highlights various policies implemented to improve the quality of educators, such as teacher certification programs, continuous training, and welfare improvement which are the main focus of the government. However, real challenges still arise related to quality disparities between urban and rural areas and educational infrastructure constraints that affect the effectiveness of teacher empowerment. This article also discusses how teachers' professionalism is not only measured from the technical aspects of teaching, but also from the ability to adapt to new curricula and educational technology developments. Thus, teacher empowerment in the Reformasi era and post-Reformasi is an important foundation in efforts to improve the quality of national education in a sustainable manner. These findings are expected to be a reference for policymakers and education practitioners in formulating more effective and inclusive educator development strategies.

Digital transformation has become a crucial part of improving public services. This study explores the use of the Tangerang LIVE application as a digital innovation by the Tangerang City Government to support the smart city concept and promote e-government practices. The application is designed to help residents easily access administrative services and submit complaints in a faster and more transparent way. Using a qualitative approach based on literature review, the study draws data from academic journals, policy documents, and performance reports. The findings show that Tangerang LIVE significantly improves the convenience and efficiency of public services. However, challenges remain — including limited public outreach, low digital literacy, and several technical features that need improvement. The success of such digital services depends not only on good user interface design and accessible information but also on timely technical support and strong community engagement. This study suggests the need for broader digital education, ongoing technical development, and stronger collaboration between government, communities, and private sectors. With these efforts, digital public services can become more inclusive, sustainable, and better aligned with the needs of the people.

Social and emotional problems in students can have a significant impact on their academic development and psychological well-being. Comprehensive assessment of social-emotional aspects is essential in the context of modern education. This article discusses the use of non-test instruments as effective assessment tools to identify social and emotional problems in students. Through a review of current literature, the types, characteristics, advantages, and challenges of using non-test instruments such as observation, interviews, questionnaires, and reflective journals are explained. Implications for the role of teachers and counselors are also examined, with an emphasis on the importance of training and institutional support so that assessment can be carried out optimally. The results of the study indicate that non-test instruments can support a more humanistic holistic assessment approach that is responsive to students' needs. This article recommends the integration of social-emotional assessment into school policies and the improvement of educators' professional capacity as strategic steps in supporting students' sustainable social-emotional development.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the LingoDeer application as a learning medium for basic level Japanese language learners. A quantitative approach was employed using a One Group Pretest Posttest design involving 50 students from the Vocational School of IPB University. The research instrument consisted of pretest and posttest assessments focusing on three key areas: vocabulary, grammar, and reading skills. Based on the results of the paired sample t-test, a significant improvement was found in all aspects after the use of the application, with the average score increasing from 60.97% to 81.25%. The greatest improvement was observed in vocabulary, followed by reading and grammar. These findings suggest that LingoDeer, with its structured learning system, spaced repetition feature, and interactive exercises, can effectively support the development of Japanese language skills at the beginner level. This study is expected to serve as a reference for educators in selecting appropriate technology-based learning tools to enhance language acquisition.

The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant influence of the discussion method on the interest in learning Christian Religious Education of class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The method used in this study uses a quantitative approach method. The population is all class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year totaling 205 people and a sample of 41 people is determined, which is 20% of the population. Data were collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 42 items. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence of the discussion method on the interest in learning Christian Religious Education of class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy value = 0.549> rtable (a = 0.05, n = 41) = 0.308 thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount value = 4.101> ttable (a = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 39) = 2.021 thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y ̂="35","76"+1.13X. b) Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 30.1%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fcount> Ftable=(a=0.05, dk numerator k=16, dk denominator=n-2=41-2=39) which is 16.81> 1.51. Thus Ha, namely there is a positive and significant influence of the discussion method on the interest in learning Christian Religious Education of class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year, is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Along with the rapid development of the digital era, data privacy is now one of the most valuable assets for individuals and organisations. The increase in the use of information and communication technology also has the impact of increasing the potential for data breaches. Personal data, which includes information such as names, addresses, phone numbers, and financial data, is often a target for irresponsible parties. Data breaches can result in financial loss, reputation, and even threats to individual safety. Therefore, it is important to understand and implement effective protection measures to safeguard data privacy in this digital era. This paper reviews the urgency of personal data protection and security, the various challenges that arise, and the efforts that can be made to maintain the confidentiality of personal information. Using a qualitative approach, data is obtained from various literature sources and relevant case studies. The findings of this study indicate the need to raise awareness of the importance of safeguarding personal data, both at the individual and institutional levels, in order to prevent misuse of information. In addition, this research also suggests a number of strategies that can be implemented to strengthen the privacy data security system.  

The development of social media has a major influence on the lives of Muslim adolescents, especially in shaping their understanding and practice of religion. This study uses a semi-structured in- depth interview method with 10 adolescents aged 15-19 years in Jakarta and surrounding areas to explore the meaning of religion in the context of social media. The results show that religion is seen as a source of peace, moral guidance, and social identity, while social media acts as a means of education as well as a source of challenges in religious practice. This study concludes that critical guidance on the use of social media is needed by families and educators so that adolescents can interpret religion in a healthy way in the digital era.

This study aims to evaluate the impact of zakat on improving people's welfare in Indonesia. Zakat, as one of the financial instruments in Islam, plays an important role in reducing poverty and improving social welfare through equitable distribution of wealth. The findings of the study indicate that the distribution of zakat has a significant impact on improving the quality of life of beneficiaries, especially in terms of fulfilling basic needs such as education, health, and economic stability. In addition, zakat has also been proven to reduce poverty rates and reduce income disparities in society. The success of zakat is greatly influenced by professionalism in its management, accuracy in distributing to those in need, and transparency of zakat management institutions. These results emphasize the importance of strengthening the zakat management system and cooperation between institutions so that zakat can function optimally as a tool for economic empowerment and equalizing welfare in Indonesia.

By implementing The cooperative learning method known as think, pair, share (TPS) paradigm in the eleventh grade at MAN Karawang, this study seeks to enhance students' comprehension of halal and healthy eating. The research has been conducted in two cycles using Classroom Action Research (CAR).methodology employed. There are twenty multiple-choice questions on the test that has been used. The findings of the study indicate that pupils' comprehension has improved. Just 15% of pupils finished the pre-cycle activities, with an average score of 66. This rose to 59% with a 73 average score in the initial cycle, and all students finished the activities with a mean score of 89 in the second. The pupils are encouraged to think critically, participate actively, and have discussions when Think Pair Share (TPS), a cooperative model, is applied. As a result, this strategy has been successful in improving students' comprehension through interaction

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a significant role in the economy, including MSMEs in the culinary sector such as Putri Ice Cream Business. Decision making related to optimal resource allocation is crucial to increase the efficiency and profitability of MSMEs. This study aims to apply the linear programming method with the primal simplex algorithm to minimize production costs in the case study of Putri Ice Cream MSME. The objective function is to minimize the total production cost, as well as the limitations related to the availability of main raw materials and machine production capacity. Data on main raw materials and machine production capacity were obtained from the Putri Ice Cream MSME which was the case study. The results of the study show that the application of the primal simplex method produces an optimal solution that provides recommendations for product combinations for each type of Putri Ice Cream with minimal production costs. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to test the stability of the optimal solution to changes in capital. This study provides a practical contribution to Putri Ice Cream MSME in optimizing their resource allocation and increasing cost efficiency through a quantitative approach.    

In the digital era, companies are required to manage data optimally to improve operational efficiency. This research aims to analyze the role of data management and database systems in supporting company work efficiency. A descriptive approach is used by reviewing literature from various relevant academic sources. The results show that the implementation of a structured database system can reduce data redundancy, increase the speed of information access, and strengthen the decision-making process. With good data integration between divisions, the company can improve internal coordination and response to market changes. The findings confirm the importance of an effective data management strategy in supporting an organization's competitive advantage.    

Conflicts of interest in corruption cases often involve abuse of power for personal gain. This article discusses the corruption case committed by Harvey Moeis with an emphasis on how conflicts of interest play a role in the occurrence of corruption. The purpose of this study is to analyze the link between conflicts of interest and corruption cases involving Harvey Moeis, its impact on law, ethics, and reputation, as well as find solutions to prevent similar cases. The methods used were purposive sampling in the selection of data sources as well as literature study to analyze related perspectives. The results of the analysis reveal that the corruption case involving Harvey Moeis demonstrates how financial conflicts of interest can culminate in abuses of power that harm the state and tarnish the law, ethics, and reputation. Strengthening regulation, transparency, law enforcement, and public participation as well as strengthening anticorruption institutions is therefore needed to prevent corrupt practices.

Human resource development (HRD) is a fundamental pillar in the management of Islamic education, especially in the era of globalization and the industrial revolution 4.0. Islamic educational institutions are required to produce graduates who are not only religious but also competent, ethical, and adaptive. This study aims to identify effective HRD strategies to improve the quality of Islamic educational institutions. The research employs a qualitative approach with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation in several Islamic educational institutions. The findings reveal that strategies such as training, internships, scholarships, mentorship, collaboration, performance evaluation, spiritual development, technology implementation, and innovation play vital roles. The integration of Islamic values in recruitment, training, and career development is also crucial. However, challenges such as limited funding, lack of competent human resources, and insufficient leadership attention remain obstacles. This study emphasizes the need for innovation in HRD to overcome these barriers. It is expected that the findings provide practical solutions for Islamic educational institutions to achieve educational goals, produce quality graduates, enhance competitiveness, and contribute positively to society.

A study on the challenges of pension fund literacy and inclusion in Indonesia concluded that the average level of pension fund literacy in the period 2013 - 2025 only reached 18.08%, while the average level of inclusion in that period only reached 4.23%. The level of pension fund literacy and inclusion in Indonesia is low. In SNLIK 2025, the pension fund literacy rate was 27.79%, while the pension fund inclusion rate was 5.37%. Compared to the 2022 pension literacy rate of 30.46% and the 2022 inclusion rate of 5.40%, this means that pension literacy and inclusion rates are declining. It can be said that out of 10 Indonesians, only 2.7 people “understand” pension funds and only 0.5 (half) people “have” pension funds. This means that for every 10 Indonesians, less than 1 person has a pension fund. Low pension literacy and inclusion has a direct impact in the form of 1) an older generation at risk of poverty or financial dependence on children/family, 2) a continuing sandwich generation cycle, 3) stagnant growth of the pension fund industry, 4) low public trust, and 5) the emergence of public skepticism towards pension funds in the future.

This study aims to evaluate the relevance of accounting information values, specifically Return on Assets (ROA), Earnings Per Share (EPS), and Non-Public Ownership (NPO), in investment decision-making. The research employs a quantitative method, utilizing a sample of 49 companies in the infrastructure, utilities, and transportation sector. Multiple linear regression analysis is applied to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that EPS and Non-Public Ownership significantly influence stock price movements, while ROA shows no significant effect on stock prices. The implications of this study highlight the importance of considering NPO and the relevance of accounting information values such as EPS, while also acknowledging the potential risks associated with ROA in the investment decision-making process.

Healthy financial performance is a target that a company wants to achieve which can be influenced by many factors both internally and externally. In this study, remuneration, risk management and corporate governance are the variables chosen to find their influence on financial performance. State-owned enterprises or BUMN are the research samples with a total of 20 BUMN from 2019 - 2023. Qualitative descriptive analysis methods are used with secondary data as a supporting tool for the research. Secondary data comes from journals, articles or annual reports of companies in the form of non-numerical data such as standards, policies or rules used in BUMN operations. The results of the study show that remuneration, risk management and corporate governance do not affect financial performance for various reasons. Remuneration has no effect because the number of workers from each BUMN is different and has a different remuneration policy. While risk management has no effect because liquidity risk cannot be the only risk that can be used, meaning that there needs to be intervention from other risks. Corporate governance has no effect because of the difference in the number of directors and the change of directors which results in changes in policy or culture.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Resource-Based View (RBV) on innovation performance in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) that have expanded internationally, with government information access as a moderation variable. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The object of the research is CV. Delta Raya, an MSME in the furniture sector from Batu City that has successfully penetrated the export market to Japan, South Korea, and Mexico. The results of the study show that human capital investment and political connections have a significant positive effect on innovation performance. Although international experience does not have a direct effect, the effect becomes significant when moderated by government information access. Access to government information also strengthens the influence of political connections on innovation. The implications of this study underscore the importance of collaboration between MSME actors and government institutions in encouraging internal resource-based innovation.