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The political crisis in Myanmar following the 2020 election and the 2021 military coup has created instability in both domestic and international security. This study employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach to analyze the impact of the coup on regional security and ASEAN's response. The findings reveal that the coup led by General Min Aung Hlaing's military junta not only threatened Myanmar's democracy but also triggered human rights violations, economic crisis, and refugee exodus. ASEAN, through mechanisms such as the ASEAN Institute for Peace and Reconciliation (AIPR), has attempted to mediate the conflict using a non-interventionist approach, yet its effectiveness is considered weak compared to sanctions imposed by Western countries such as the United States and the European Union. The main challenges for AIPR include its limited mandate, divergent interests among member states, and ASEAN's principle of respecting national sovereignty. This study concludes that a sustainable solution requires a multidimensional approach involving both international pressure and inclusive dialogue with all stakeholders in Myanmar.

This study was conducted to implement the law on the case of illegal mining carried out by Chen Fu as a perpetrator of a criminal act in the Mining Business Permit (IUP) area of ​​PT ANTAM Tbk UBPN North Konawe, and to assess whether its implementation has accommodated ecological justice based on Law Number 3 of 2020 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining (Minerba Law) and Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (PPLH Law). The method used in this is normative-doctrinal with a statutory approach and a case approach. Thus, the results of the study show that the legal approach in this case is still limited to the administrative aspect and does not substantially reflect ecological justice. There is a need for harmony between the Minerba Law and the PPLH Law in their implementation to reach aspects of ecological losses, strengthen the deterrent effect, and pave the way for comprehensive environmental recovery. The resulting research recommendations explain the importance of reforming charges in illegal mining cases that cause environmental damage, so that the law can be enforced fairly, comprehensively, and with a sustainable perspective.

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest Muslim population in the world, has a very strong wealth of religious traditions. Religious activities that are often carried out by local tourists are pilgrimages to the tombs of saints, one of which is the Tomb of Sunan Ampel in Surabaya. On the 29th night of Ramadan, the area of ​​the Tomb of Sunan Ampel will experience a surge in visitors because it coincides with the last ten odd nights of the month of Ramadan. This study aims to determine the form of collaborative governance in the management of the 29th night of Ramadan activities at the Tomb of Sunan Ampel Surabaya. The main problem of the study is the process of collaboration between stakeholders in the management of complex and large-scale religious activities. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method with interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The results of the study show that collaboration between parties in the management of Ramadan activities at the Tomb of Sunan Ampel is informal and only dominant in the Tomb of Sunan Ampel Foundation. Although there is functional cooperation, there is no written regulation to clearly regulate the division of roles. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen the structure and equal participation so that the governance of Ramadan activities can run more effectively and inclusively.

Information technology changes the order of information retrieval. Librarians in the era of disruption are no longer limited to managing collections and technical services, but have developed into facilitators, companions for personal development of users. Librarians as counselors must have interpersonal and communication skills, as well as a basic understanding of counseling to help users solve problems of fulfilling information, academic, social, and emotional needs. This study aims to explore the role of librarians as counselors. Literature studies are used for this research method. The results of this study indicate that librarians as counselors help users in fulfilling information, building emotional bonds. So that users are able to become independent people in retrieving information in the future.  

This study aims to analyze the effect of Corporate Governance on Integrated Reporting (IR) in State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. Corporate Governance is measured using three indicators: Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI) score, the number of board of directors, and the number of audit committee members. Integrated Reporting is assessed based on the seven elements recommended by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). The sample was selected using purposive sampling, resulting in 55 SOEs. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS. The results show that CGPI and the board of directors have a positive and significant effect on Integrated Reporting, while the audit committee has no significant effect. These findings support agency theory, indicating that strong corporate governance plays an essential role in promoting transparency and accountability in reporting. The study implies the need to strengthen governance structures and encourages regulators to consider adopting IR as a future reporting standard.

This study analyzes the effect of sales growth and capital intensity on operating cash flow at PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya, Tbk during the 2013–2024 period. The research problem raised is whether sales growth and capital intensity have a significant effect on the company's operating cash flow. The purpose of this study is to prove the relationship between these two independent variables and operating cash flow, thus providing a basis for managerial decision-making in Indonesian retail companies. The data used in this study are secondary data in the form of annual financial statements of PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya, Tbk over the last eleven years. The method used is a quantitative approach with regression analysis, preceded by classical assumption tests including normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation tests to ensure the validity of the regression model. The results show that the residuals are normally distributed, the regression model is free from multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity, but there is positive autocorrelation in the residuals. Simultaneously, sales growth and capital intensity are proven to have a significant effect on the company's operating cash flow. These findings emphasize the importance of efficient management of sales growth and capital intensity in maintaining the stability of operating cash flow.

In this article we discuss Pranks and Gimmicks from a Hadith Perspective. The issue of pranks and gimmicks has now become commonplace and often occurs in the public domain. Hadith is the second source of law after the Al-Qur'an and as a proposition containing ethical norms is also a relevant reference for addressing this issue. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the issue of pranks and gimmicks from a hadith perspective and how to apply the hadith in carrying out pranks and gimmicks. Pranks and gimmicks can be done as long as they promote the truth without causing anything negative to society and the people around them and vice versa. Which is explained from the Hadith which contains the Prophet Muhammad SAW's prohibition regarding the action of taking something even if the aim is to joke by lying. This research uses library research. By studying books, writings, reading books and journals and rivieuw literature from other references. As well as collecting hadiths related to the object being studied. This research aims to open up the public's perspective regarding prank and gimmicks trends so that people can review the principles of the Koran and Hadith. Pranks and gimmicks may be carried out on condition that they prioritize the principles of truth and do not harm the people around them. 

This article explores the significant role of the Mamluk Dynasty of Egypt in the history of Islamic civilization during the medieval period and examines the impact of its conflict with the Ottoman Empire. The Mamluk Dynasty, ruling from 1250 to 1517 CE, was uniquely established by former military slaves who rose to power. The dynasty played a crucial role in defending the Islamic world from Mongol invasions and Crusader attacks, notably through its victory at the Battle of 'Ain Jalut. However, in its final decades, the Mamluks suffered from internal strife, corruption, and failure to adapt to modern military developments. This study employs a descriptive qualitative and historical research approach, utilizing both primary and secondary sources. The main focus is the political and military confrontation between the Mamluks and the Ottomans, culminating in two decisive battles Marj Dabiq (1516 CE) and Ar-Raidaniyah (1517 CE) which ended Mamluk rule and marked the beginning of Islamic political unification under the Ottoman Caliphate.  

The Weekend Tahfidz Program at Ali Hikmah Qur’an House in Sangatta is one of the efforts to shape students’ character through memorization and application of the values of the Qur’an. This study is motivated by the moral degradation among the younger generation influenced by globalization and technology, making character education increasingly important to implement. The purpose of this research is to determine the extent of the influence of the Weekend Tahfidz Program on the character formation of the students. The research method used a quantitative approach with simple linear regression analysis. The research population consisted of 45 students who served as the sample. The results showed that the Weekend Tahfidz Program variable (X) had a positive effect on students’ character (Y), with a correlation coefficient of 0.4108 and a t-test result of 2.9547 (> 1.6810), indicating a significant influence. In addition, the contribution of this program to character formation reached 16.87%. Thus, the Weekend Tahfidz Program has a positive impact, although not dominant, and therefore should be developed alongside other factors to strengthen the character formation of the students.  Abstrak. Program Tahfidz Weekend di Rumah Qur’an Ali Hikmah Sangatta merupakan salah satu upaya pembentukan karakter santri melalui penghafalan dan penerapan nilai-nilai Al-Qur’an. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh degradasi moral generasi muda yang dipengaruhi oleh globalisasi dan teknologi, sehingga pendidikan karakter menjadi penting untuk diterapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh Program Tahfidz Weekend terhadap pembentukan karakter santri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 45 santri sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Program Tahfidz Weekend (X) berpengaruh positif terhadap karakter santri (Y), dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,4108 dan hasil uji t sebesar 2,9547 (> 1,6810), yang berarti pengaruh tersebut signifikan. Selain itu, kontribusi program ini terhadap pembentukan karakter mencapai 16,87%. Dengan demikian, Program Tahfidz Weekend memberikan dampak positif meskipun tidak dominan, sehingga perlu dikembangkan bersama faktor lain untuk memperkuat pembentukan karakter santri.

The video feature Berdaya, Berkarya, Bermakna bagi Disabilitas aims to highlight the potential and creative works of children with disabilities at the Our Dream Indonesia Foundation through a mise-en-scène approach that enhances both visual and emotional narratives. This writing is motivated by the urgency of promoting the economic and social empowerment of persons with disabilities and the need to challenge prevailing stigmas through mass media. The 11-minute video feature integrates cinematography, set design, costume and makeup, and lighting to construct an engaging and informative storytelling experience. The objective of this study is to explain the production process of creating a visual work using mise-en-scène elements, which includes three key stages: pre-production (research, field observation, storyline development, storyboard creation, and technical preparation), production (filming using cinematographic techniques), and post-production (editing and visual refinement). The findings indicate that the comprehensive application of mise-en-scène successfully reinforces the message of inclusivity. For example, the use of cinematographic techniques contributes to the visual aesthetics; the set design of Toko Amis Budi shows the works of children with disabilities; the makeup and costume choices reflect the personalities of the featured subjects; and the lighting enhances the emotional tone of each scene. In conclusion, this work affirms that mise-en-scène not only enriches the visual appeal but also deepens the emotional impact, transforming facts into inspiring stories and raising public awareness of the importance of expressive spaces for individuals with disabilities. This video serves as an effective medium to advocate for equal rights and the recognition of the abilities of persons with disabilities.

Social media, particularly Instagram, has become a strategic medium for government institutions to disseminate policy-related information to the public. This study aims to analyze how visual elements are applied in educational infographic content on the Instagram account @ditjentataruang, specifically in the January 2025 edition, using the theory of visual hierarchy. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collected through visual observation, in-depth interviews with the content designer, and documentation. Four infographic posts were selected as the subjects of analysis, each examined based on elements of color, typography, layout and composition, and visual imagery. The results indicate that the use of visual elements in the infographics is not arbitrary, but designed with a clear visual communication strategy. Green is consistently used as the institution's visual identity and a marker of visual stability. Typography is structured hierarchically to guide the reading flow, and layouts are designed using Z or C patterns to direct audience attention. In addition, visualizations such as icons and photographs are used to reinforce messages and create concrete context. These findings are strengthened through data triangulation involving observation, interviews, and supporting theories, confirming that the infographic content by the Directorate General of Spatial Planning applies the principles of visual hierarchy consciously and strategically in delivering public information.

A conveyor is a tool with a large rubber band arranged transversely between two pulleys at a constant speed as a transporter of solid material in this case coal with the provisions of the permitted amount. Damage to the conveyor tool has a major impact on the smooth running of a coal loading and unloading process, so a coal monitoring tool was designed using an ESP32 microcontroller-based data logger. The purpose of this study is to find out how to design a coal load monitoring tool based on a data logger using the Research and Development (R&D) method type ADDIE. Using the following types of testing: static and dynamic. The research results show that the load monitoring system based on a load cell and ESP32 microcontroller demonstrates high accuracy, with a reading deviation of less than 2% from the actual weight. The system is also considered effective, as it can detect loads, adjust the hatch door angle, and transmit data to Google Spreadsheet in real-time without disruptions. Its ability to adapt to varying loads indicates that the prototype operates stably, responsively, and in accordance with the design objectives.

The manufacturing industry continues to develop quality to improve productivity and business sustainability. One method commonly used in metal surface treatment is the anodizing process. One of these industries is the electroplating industry which uses chemicals as aluminum dyes that damage the environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using natural dyes turmeric, dragon fruit, and pandan leaves as coloring materials in the anodizing process of bicycle components on their hardness. The specimen used in this study is 1100 aluminum. The results showed that the highest hardness value using dragon fruit natural dye was 204.775 VHN.

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) is a plant from the Euphorbiaceae family known for its green star-shaped fruit and brown seeds. This plant has high nutritional value and significant antioxidant activity (Nuha and Sriwidodo 2022). This study aims to identify secondary metabolite compounds and determine the total phenolic content of the methanol extract of Plukenetia volubilis Linneo leaves. The samples were extracted using the maceration method, then phytochemical tests and total phenolic content analysis were carried out using the Folin-Ciocalteu method (Sari et al. 2021). The results of the phytochemical test showed that the methanol extract of sacha inchi leaves contained secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The total phenolic content obtained from the extract was 19.94%, which indicates the potential for high antioxidant activity. The results of this study indicate that sacha inchi leaves have the potential to be developed as a source of natural bioactive compounds that are beneficial to health.

This study aims to analyze students’ conceptual understanding of hydrocarbons through a literature review utilizing the Three-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Instrument. Hydrocarbons are a fundamental topic in chemistry education that often leads to student misconceptions. The three-tier diagnostic instrument is designed not only to assess students’ cognitive knowledge through correct or incorrect answers but also to explore the reasoning behind their choices, enabling more accurate identification of misconceptions and conceptual understanding. The methodology employed is a literature review examining various scientific sources on the application of this diagnostic tool in teaching hydrocarbon concepts. The findings indicate that the Three-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Instrument is effective in systematically detecting and classifying students’ difficulties and misconceptions. Furthermore, the use of this instrument contributes significantly to developing targeted and data-driven instructional strategies to enhance students’ conceptual mastery in chemistry. The implications of this study highlight the necessity of integrating three-tier diagnostic instruments in the assessment process to support optimal learning outcomes in hydrocarbon material.

This study aims to determine the level of validity of Augmented Reality (AR)-based chemistry learning media using the Assemblr Edu platform on hydrocarbon material. This learning media was developed through the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). Validation was carried out by three experts using an instrument in the form of a validation media sheet that includes aspects of content, visual appearance, interactivity, and suitability with learning objectives. The validation results showed that the developed learning media obtained a validity score of 96.39% and was included in the "very valid" category. This shows that the media is suitable for use in the chemistry learning process at the high school level, especially on the topic of hydrocarbons. With AR technology, this media is expected to improve students' conceptual understanding visually and interactively. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that this media is effective and valid as a means of supporting innovative modern chemistry learning.

Human rights must be weighed against the state's interests, especially in a multicultural society. The concept of multicultural citizenship often conflicts with state policy priorities they defense of personal liberties. The state must recognize and protect cultural, religious, and ethnic diversity. Inversely proportional, social stability and national integration are top priorities. This study examines different theories of citizenship, the fundamentals of the rule of law, as well as the  problem of managing diversity in a democratic legal system. A descriptive qualitative approach is used in this study to examine policies and regulations related to multicultural citizenship in Indonesia and how they impact human rights and national interests. The results show that despite regulations that assist inclusion, the application of  anti-discrimination and the use of  policies is still difficult. Therefore, to accept diversity without sacrificing human rights or national interests, more equitable, inclusive, and flexible policies are needed.

This research investigates the factors contributing to low understanding of environmental degradation among sixth-grade students at SDN 12 Padang Koto Gadang. The study aims to identify internal and external factors affecting students' comprehension of environmental issues within the IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) curriculum. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with the class teacher, classroom observations, and document analysis of lesson plans and student assessment records. The findings reveal that internal factors include low learning motivation, where students perceive environmental materials as mere memorization tasks, and a significant mismatch between students' kinesthetic-visual learning styles (78%) and the predominantly auditory-lecture teaching methods. External factors encompass conventional teaching approaches dominating 85% of classroom time, limited technological infrastructure, and insufficient interactive learning resources. A paradoxical finding shows that while 70% of students claim environmental concern, only 23% consistently practice eco-friendly behaviors, indicating a substantial gap between cognitive knowledge and behavioral application. The study recommends implementing a hybrid learning model combining Problem-Based Learning with local contexts, utilizing simple nature-based media, and establishing strategic community partnerships. These findings contribute to developing more adaptive and contextual teaching methods aligned with Merdeka Curriculum principles for elementary environmental education.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of natural science laboratory management in improving the quality of practicums in senior high schools. This study uses a literature review approach by examining various academic sources related to laboratory management. The results of the analysis indicate that effective laboratory management includes five main strategies, namely management of equipment, materials, data, laboratory personnel training, and cost budgeting. The success of implementing this strategy depends on the implementation of supporting factors such as work safety, infrastructure quality, personnel capabilities and excellent data management systems. However, there are still many obstacles, including limited facilities and infrastructure, lack of professionals, inadequate budgets, and optimal planning and implementation of practices. Comprehensive improvements in laboratory management are expected to enable learning science to be implemented in a more optimal and sustainable manner.

This article aims to understand the concept of energy sources from an early age in order to increase their awareness of energy use and conservation. However, science learning in elementary schools (SD) often faces problems in delivering complex and abstract materials. This study investigates various innovations in science learning, especially those related to energy sources. In this study, we review the literature on various creative methods for learning, including the use of game media, blended learning, and interactive game tools. The results show that the implementation of these innovations can improve students' desire to learn and their learning outcomes. Therefore, science learning at the elementary level can be assisted by the integration of technology and appropriate learning approaches.