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The land sale and purchase agreement with everything above and in it has been implemented and proven by full payment by the buyer so that Article 571 of the Civil Code applies to the buyer. The research method used by the author is Empirical Jurisprudence with a qualitative approach, the data collection for this research is Interview research and Literature Study. the data is then analyzed using qualitative analysis. The results of the study indicate that Legal protection for land buyers in the case of transfer of ownership of teak trees by land sellers to third parties reviewed from the Civil Code guarantees the buyer's rights to the object that has been purchased, namely land and everything attached to the land. based on the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) legal protection for land buyers in the case of transfer of ownership of teak trees by land sellers to third parties is very weak. the settlement was carried out through mediation and the seller provided compensation in the form of another teak tree, but this shows that the implementation of the seller's responsibility is not entirely ideal from a formal legal perspective. the seller was proven to have fulfilled the four elements of an unlawful act.

The crime of obscenity is still a problem that is very difficult to eliminate. The main target of criminal acts of molestation often occurs in minors. Criminal acts of abuse that occur can have long-term impacts on children as victims both physically, psychologically, and socially. The research method used by the author is normative legal research, by reviewing or examining laws and regulations and court decisions related to the legal issues at hand. The sources of legal materials used are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials which are then analyzed qualitatively descriptively. The results of this study show that: (1) The basis for the consideration of the Panel of Judges in imposing a sentence on the perpetrator of the crime of child abuse in the case of Decision Number 69/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Bajawa is to consider its juridical and non-juridical aspects. (2) Regarding the legal consequences if the Restitution is unable to be paid by the Defendant so far has not been specifically regulated either in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection and Government Regulation Number 43 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Restitution for Children Who Are Victims of Criminal Acts. If there is no provision that specifically regulates the penalty in lieu of restitution, there will be a small possibility for the Victim's Child to receive his rights.

This study aims to determine the application and considerations of criminal law to the criminal act of car sales fraud committed by members of the Indonesian National Police based on Decision Number 3/Pid.B/2024/Pn Rtg. The research method used is a normative research method. Normative research is a method that focuses on analysis that is conceptualized and developed by examining the rules, norms, and rules related to the problem being researched. The results of the study show that (1) the perpetrator of a crime committed by a member of the police who is a civil servant, the judge imposes a general crime but does not apply a code of ethics hearing, which should be subject to disciplinary sanctions and code of ethics sanctions. (2) The judge in considering a decision should pay close attention to the incriminating matter of the defendant, namely the defendant's actions that are contrary to his work as a law enforcer.

Pets are animals kept by humans that must be cared for, looked after and have their living needs met and have a proper place. Negligence or neglect in the care of pets by pet owners is a form of error in criminal law as a result of someone's lack of care, resulting in something accidentally happening. So the author conducted this research with the aim of: (1) To find out whether pet owners whose negligence in looking after their pets cause traffic accidents on public roads can be punished. (2) To find out how the law provides sanctions for pet owners who are negligent in looking after their pets, causing traffic accidents on public roads and causing injuries and even death. The type of research used by the author is normative legal research. In this research, the sources of legal materials used by the author are primary legal material sources, secondary legal material sources, and tertiary legal material sources. The technique for collecting legal materials uses library research and then analyzed qualitatively. The findings specifically show that the regulations governing improper care of pets which cause traffic accidents on public roads are still subject to vague norms, so regulations are needed that regulate in more detail by referring to existing rules. Then there is the concept of criminal liability norms for pet owners who must fulfill the elements that constitute a causal offense, so that criminal liability can be sought through restorative justice and litigation.

Facebook is a social activity platform that can be done in cyberspace (unreal), allowing for reciprocal interaction between users, one of which is conducting online buying and selling transactions. Privacy violations on social media can occur in various forms such as the spread of personal information without permission, identity theft, online fraud and many more. These cases not only harm individuals but can also have an impact on the reputation and public trust in social media platforms. This study is an empirical legal research study with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were obtained from interviews and documentary studies. The research analysis used descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of the study showed that repressive efforts are law enforcement efforts carried out by the NTT Regional Police in dealing with cases of consumer privacy violations carried out by fake accounts on Facebook social media. The obstacles experienced by the NTT Regional Police in dealing with cases of consumer privacy violations carried out by fake accounts on Facebook social media include: Legal aspects, Law enforcement aspects, Facilities and Facilities aspects, Community aspects, and Cultural aspects.

The purpose of this study is to determine the judge's considerations in issuing a decision stating that the certificate of ownership does not have binding legal force and the legal consequences of the decision stating that the certificate of ownership does not have binding legal force based on the initial survey conducted by the researcher, it was found that the lawsuit was filed after 5 years had passed. This study uses normative legal research with a case study (case approach). Data collection uses literature studies. Data collection and processing procedures are carried out using qualitative legal analysis. The results of the study indicate that the requirements for a certificate of ownership that does not have legal force that are often violated are the lack of good faith in obtaining the land. Meanwhile, violations of the requirements for land that is not directly or indirectly controlled by the owner, although related to other requirements, do not mean that the Certificate of Ownership has strong legal force. This is because of the requirements of Article 32 paragraph 2 of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning land registration. There are several legal consequences. These legal consequences can be divided into two types, namely legal consequences that apply retroactively or backward and legal consequences that apply forward. As well as the legal consequences and in substance, these legal consequences are in line with the form of achievement in contract law as regulated in Article 1234 of the Civil Code.

This study aims to analyze the organizational restructuring process at PT X and its impact on operational efficiency. This research also identifies post-restructuring barriers and formulates solutions that can be implemented. By using qualitative methods through interviews, observations, and documentation, the results showed that restructuring had a positive impact on operational cost efficiency, accelerated decision-making, and workflow efficiency. However, obstacles such as increased workload, adaptation difficulties, and technical constraints emerged. To overcome them, the company is advised to provide counseling services, transition training, and regular workload evaluations to maintain productivity and support the success of restructuring in the long run.

Mosques have an important role in the lives of Muslims, not only as places of worship, but also as centers of social, cultural, and educational activities. This research reveals the history of the establishment of the Taqwa Mosque in Seri Tanjung Village, Tanjung Batu District, Ogan Ilir Regency, as well as the important role of Manda Haji Bun Yamin as a local figure in the process of building the mosque. Using historical and sociological approaches, this study shows that the mosque not only reflects the spiritual development of the community, but also symbolizes unity and independence in building religious facilities independently. The results found that Manda Haji Bun Yamin had a strong religious and social vision, reflected in his initiative to build a permanent two-story mosque that would later become the center of community activities. The Taqwa Mosque is not only a place of worship, but also plays a role in religious education, distribution of social assistance, preservation of traditions, and strengthening the value of tolerance between religious communities. This research emphasizes the importance of exploring and documenting local history as part of the cultural heritage and identity of the local Muslim community.

This study discusses the phenomenon of increasing consumptive behavior among Muslim communities due to the influence of social media, technology, and e-commerce. This behavior is considered contrary to Islamic teachings that emphasize balance, simplicity, and social responsibility. Therefore, this research aims to formulate the concept of Islamic consumption that not only fulfills physical needs, but also considers spiritual values, ethics, and social justice. Using a qualitative approach through literature study, this research examines consumption principles in Islam such as halal-thayyib, maqāṣid al-syarī'ah, and ethical rationality as an alternative to conventional consumption that is materialistic. The results show that consumption in Islam is part of worship that includes spiritual, social, and environmental dimensions. Islamic consumption encourages frugal, selective, and responsible behavior, and strengthens social solidarity through zakat and alms. This research produces an integrated Islamic consumption framework that can serve as a guideline for Muslim consumers, policy makers, and da'wah institutions in building a more ethical, sustainable, and Islamic-compliant consumption lifestyle in the modern era.

The digital era has brought significant transformation in the financial sector, including the money market and capital market in Indonesia. Innovation in financial technology (fintech), digitalization of services, and increasing volume of online transactions require adaptive and responsive supervision from the authority institution. This study aims to analyze the role of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in regulating, supervising, and developing the money market and capital market amidst the development of digital technology. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical approach through literature studies and secondary data from official OJK reports and related regulations. The results of the study show that OJK plays a central role in maintaining the stability and integrity of the financial market through strengthening digital regulations, technology-based supervision (suptech), and investor protection. In addition, OJK also encourages digital financial inclusion and literacy to create a healthy and sustainable market ecosystem. These findings emphasize the importance of policy adaptation and strengthening OJK's institutional capacity in facing challenges and opportunities in the digital era.

This study explores leadership psychology within the context of education, focusing on the relationship between leadership styles, psychological empowerment, and organizational performance. Using a literature review method, the findings reveal that leadership styles such as transformational, democratic, and situational have a significant impact on creating a supportive and collaborative work environment. Effective leadership fosters psychological empowerment by enhancing employees' sense of meaning, competence, self-determination, and influence. This, in turn, directly contributes to increased motivation, job satisfaction, and overall performance within educational institutions. Therefore, a psychological approach to leadership is a crucial element in building competitive and adaptable educational organizations.

This research aims to analyze teachers’perceptions regarding inclusive education and to identify the barriers in the implementation of education policies for Children with Special Needs (CSN) in Indonesia. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative through a literature riview that analyzes scientific literature and related policies. The results of this study indicate that although the majority of teachers support the concept of inclusive education, there are still significant obstacles in its implementation, such as the lack of teachers’ competence in handling CSN, limited training, and minimal supporting facilities. However, there are also great opportunities to strengthen the inclusive education syste, through ongoing teacher training and collaboration between schools, parents, and community. Theachers’ perceptions of Children with Special Needs (CSN) are influenced by their experiences, understanding of inclusive education, and the situations in schools. This finding concludes that the success of inclusive education healivy depends on the readliness of teachers and support from various skateholders. Therefore, i tis necessary on enchance teachers’ competencies and foster good cooperatoin on effectively implement inclusive education policies.    

High quality public services are a key indicator of effective government performance. In this context, the role of employees as the frontline executors of public service delivery is crucial in determining public satisfaction and trust toward public institutions. This study aims to explore the contribution of employees in enhancing public service quality through a literature review approach. Data were collected from various scholarly sources, including journals, books, and research reports related to public service and human resource management in the public sector. The findings indicate that the quality of public services is significantly influenced by several employee-related factors, such as competence, work ethics, integrity, innovation, and adaptability to technology and evolving public needs. Furthermore, organizational culture and leadership style also play a supportive role in reinforcing employees' contributions to excellent service delivery. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening employee capacity through continuous training, performance evaluation, and the creation of a work environment that promotes accountability and professionalism.

This study aims to analyze the role of management psychology in optimizing teacher motivation as a strategy to improve school effectiveness. Teacher motivation is a major determinant in achieving educational goals, but is often constrained by factors such as excessive workload, lack of appreciation, and an unsupportive work environment. Through a literature review approach, this study examines various previous studies to identify effective management psychology strategies in improving teacher motivation, such as providing support, recognition, training, and good communication. The results of the study indicate that high teacher motivation has a significant impact on their performance, learning effectiveness, and student achievement. In addition, inspirational leadership and a collaborative work environment also play an important role in encouraging teacher motivation. Thus, the application of management psychology principles can create a more effective and competitive education system.

This study aims to develop a Riau cultural literacy module for elementary school students' narrative text writing skills that is valid, practical, and feasible to use. The method used in this study is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4D development model, which includes four stages: Define (needs analysis), Design (design), Development (development), and Disseminate (dissemination). The developed module was validated by three experts, namely teaching material experts, material experts, and language experts. Meanwhile, the practicality aspect was assessed through a practicality questionnaire given to teachers and students during a limited trial. Data collection techniques in this study include interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed using quantitative analysis techniques and qualitative descriptions. The validation results showed that the developed teaching materials met the valid criteria with an average percentage of 96.1%. Meanwhile, the level of practicality of teaching materials based on the teacher's practicality questionnaire reached 83.3% with the category of "very practical," and the student's practicality questionnaire obtained a result of 90.3% with the category of "very practical". Based on the results of the validation and practicality test, it can be concluded that the elementary school Riau cultural literacy module has met the valid and practical criteria, so it is suitable for use in learning.

This study aims to examine the urgency of mastering pragmatics for elementary school students in improving language skills. Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that studies the use of language in social contexts and its influence on effective communication. This study is important because good pragmatics skills can help students communicate appropriately and effectively according to the social context. The method used is a literature review of various relevant sources regarding pragmatics and its application in language learning in elementary schools. The results of the study show that mastery of pragmatics has an important role for elementary school students, including: (1) improving the ability to communicate effectively and according to context; (2) developing social skills in interaction; (3) helping to understand the implied meaning in oral and writtencommunication; (4) improving the ability to interpret text comprehensively; and (5) being the foundation for the development of critical literacy. The implementation of pragmatics learning in elementary schools can be done through various approaches, such as contextual learning, role play, simple conversation analysis, and project-based learning. This study recommends the need to integrate pragmatics aspects in the Indonesian language learning curriculum in elementary schools to prepare students to become effective communicators in various social contexts.

In the era of digital transformation, technology plays a central role in shaping the future of education. This study explores the role of school principals as transformative leaders in promoting technology-based learning, particularly in the context of Indonesian schools. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with school principals, teachers, and education personnel from schools that have integrated technology into their teaching and learning processes. Secondary data were obtained from government policies, official school documents, and relevant literature. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key patterns related to leadership practices that support the adoption of educational technology. The findings reveal that effective principals act not only as visionaries and change agents but also as facilitators, mentors, and collaborators who foster inclusive and innovative school environments. They play a critical role in developing teachers’ digital competencies, ensuring adequate infrastructure, and building a positive digital culture. This study highlights the importance of strategic leadership in overcoming challenges such as limited resources and resistance to change. The results provide practical guidance for principals and policymakers to develop sustainable technology-based education programs and contribute to the global discourse on educational leadership in developing countries. Keywords: , , , , .

This study aims to explore the relationship between religious maturity and psychological well-being in final year students using a qualitative approach. Final year students are a group that is vulnerable to academic pressure, identity crisis, and anxiety about the future. In this context, religious maturity is believed to play an important role in shaping individuals' perspectives, attitudes, and strategies in facing life's challenges. This study reveals that religious maturity acts as a spiritual foundation that strengthens mental resilience, gives meaning to life experiences, and fosters a sense of optimism. These findings suggest that mature spirituality can be an authentic source of psychological well-being for final year students. This study contributes to a new understanding of the importance of integrating religious aspects in strengthening mental health in higher education environments.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems that affect the quality of life and productivity of individuals. LBP lasting more than 12 weeks is categorized as chronic LBP and often has no specific cause. Core stability exercise (CSE) is one of the effective rehabilitation methods in managing pain and disability in chronic LBP patients. Objective: This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CSE in reducing pain in patients with chronic LBP based on a literature review. Methods: This study used the literature review method by reviewing various relevant studies related to CSE and chronic LBP. Data sources were obtained from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PEDro. Articles used had inclusion criteria in the form of randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies published in the last 10 years (2014-2024), in English, and involving patients with non-specific chronic LBP. Article quality assessment was conducted using the PEDro scale. Results: From the analysis of eight articles that met the inclusion criteria, it was found that CSE has significant effectiveness in reducing pain in patients with chronic LBP. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) score showed a greater reduction in the group undergoing CSE compared to the control group or other therapeutic methods. Moreover, the combination of CSE with adjunctive therapies such as pain neuroscience education (PNE), interferential therapy (IFC), and myofascial release technique (MRT) showed better results in reducing pain and improving postural stability and physical function. Conclusion: CSE can be an effective rehabilitation method to reduce pain and improve core muscle stability in patients with chronic LBP. Combination with other therapies may provide more optimal results.

Priapism is a urological emergency that can cause permanent disability so it requires fast and precise treatment by a doctor, we recently treated a man with intermittent idiopathic ischemic priapism with oral gabapentin 300 mg and dutasteride 0.5 mg, Before we decided on pharmacological therapy as an effort to prevent recurrent episodes of erection, we had planned invasive therapy as a first-line therapy option, namely aspiration, irrigation, inter cavernosal therapy with winter procedure, but before we had time to do the procedure the penis had detumescence so we canceled the procedure considering that massive bleeding occurred and there was no clinical benefit if the procedure was continued, the treatment immediately showed results after administration with a decrease in the frequency and duration of erections. In the second week the patient came back to our hospital emergency room, we planned the same action winter procedure but before we could do it the penis had detumescence, we gave additional pharmacological therapy Dutasteride 1x0.5 mg, After giving a combination of gabapentin and dutasteride for 2 weeks and we noted no reports of recurrent erectile episodes after and after stopping the drugs there were no reports of recurrent erectile episodes. Gabapentin and Dutasteride may be the main safe choice for the management of intermittent idiopathic ischemic priapism.