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Herbal Tea Bag Product Made from Chinese Betel Leaf with Combination of Lemongrass and Cardamom. This research aims to: 1) investigate the organoleptic properties of herbal tea bags made from Chinese betel leaf combined with lemongrass and cardamom, and 2) assess the sensory quality of the product through hedonic testing. This experimental study employed an observational method using a sensory evaluation panel consisting of 35 members (5 experts and 30 semi-trained panelists). Data were collected using a questionnaire. The independent variables were the proportion of Chinese betel leaf (2g, 4g, and 6g) and the addition of lemongrass and cardamom (2g) with temperature variations (40°C and 60°C) for 4 hours. The dependent variables were the sensory qualities, including shape, color, aroma, taste, and texture. The control variables included the type of materials, equipment, and processing techniques. Data analysis was performed using two-way anava and Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that: 1) the proportion of Chinese betel leaf affected the shape and taste, 2) the drying temperature affected the color, taste, and texture, and 3) there was no interaction between the proportion of Chinese betel leaf and the addition of lemongrass and cardamom on the sensory quality of the herbal tea bags.

This study aims to describe students' mathematical understanding abilities through the application of a problem solving approach using magic coin media on integer operation material. This study is a qualitative study with a descriptive approach conducted at MTs An-Nuur Palembang in May of the 2025/2026 academic year. The subjects of the study were 25 grade VII students who were selected purposively. Data collection was carried out through observation, documentation, and learning outcome tests. The results of the study showed that the use of magic coin media in mathematics learning was able to improve students' conceptual understanding. This media helps students to be more active, understand integer operations concretely, and be involved in the problem-solving process independently or in groups. These findings indicate that the problem solving approach combined with magic coin media can create a fun learning atmosphere, and is effective in improving students' mathematical understanding abilities.

This study aims to systematically examine various mathematics learning strategies based on deep learning approaches that can enhance elementary school students’ motivation and academic achievement. In the context of education, deep learning refers to learning processes that emphasize conceptual understanding, interrelated knowledge, and the development of critical and reflective thinking skills. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this research analyzes 20 relevant scholarly articles published between 2015 and 2024, sourced from leading databases such as Google Scholar. The review findings indicate that strategies such as problem-based learning (PBL), project-based learning (PJBL), metacognitive strategies, and the use of interactive learning technologies consistently improve student engagement, foster intrinsic motivation, and enhance mathematics learning outcomes. These findings suggest that integrating deep learning-based instructional strategies is highly relevant for elementary mathematics education, aiming to create more meaningful, student-centered learning experiences.

In mathematics, especially in the material of linear equations of one variable, learning media has a very vital role to maximize the success of the learning process. Through realistic mathematics learning methods, it can help students use interactive media to more easily understand complex concepts. The purpose of this research is to explain the steps for creating Adobe Animate-based learning media on PLSV material and to assess how useful it is as a tool in learning activities. Research and development (R&D) applies the 4-D development model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The results of the assessment stated that Adobe Animate-based learning media for the PLSV topic is very suitable for use as a supporting tool in learning the subject. Small-scale trials showed a practicality of 93%, while large-scale trials showed a practicality of 95%.

Digital image segmentation is essential in image processing, influencing the accuracy of higher-level tasks. Thresholding is widely used, yet identifying optimal threshold values remains challenging. The Firefly Algorithm with Neighbourhood Attraction (FaNA), a metaheuristic approach, is efficient for color image thresholding but underperforms on grayscale images due to suboptimal thresholds. To overcome this, an enhanced version (eFaNA) was developed by integrating a chaotic tent map for population initialization and a Lévy flight-based random walk for improved exploration. eFaNA was compared with FaNA, fuzzy firefly algorithm (FFA), and the standard Firefly Algorithm (FA) in multilevel thresholding of grayscale images. Results demonstrate that eFaNA achieves superior segmentation quality with minimal detail loss, outperforming the others. The average PSNR obtained by eFaNA, FFA, FaNA, and FA was 25.5320 dB, 25.4075 dB, 24.1522 dB, and 24.4506 dB, respectively; average SSIM was 0.8641, 0.8604, 0.8432, and 0.6703; and execution time was 50.5322, 38.7726, 38.7528, and 107.6340 seconds, respectively. This reflects a PSNR improvement of 5.71% over FaNA, 0.49% over FFA, and 4.42% over FA, and an SSIM gain of 2.48% over FaNA, 0.43% over FFA, and 28.92% over FA. While eFaNA lags behind FFA and FaNA in execution time by ~11.8 seconds, it significantly outperforms FA. The performance gain is attributed to the chaotic tent map’s diverse initialization and the Lévy flight’s enhanced search capability. These improvements enable eFaNA to deliver consistently better threshold values and segmentation results. However, its relatively higher computational cost may limit applicability in real-time image processing.

In the Islamic perspective, blood donation is not only viewed from a medical perspective, but also from the perspective of sharia law and ethics that regulate the treatment of blood and the human body. This study aims to comprehensively examine the law, ethics, and benefits of blood donation according to Islamic perspective, and to provide a systematic understanding in order to eliminate doubts in the Muslim community regarding the issue of blood donation. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Data were collected from various library sources such as books, journal articles, fatwas, and relevant official documents, then analyzed descriptively-qualitatively to identify the main themes related to the law and ethics of blood donation in Islam. The results of the study show that the majority of scholars allow blood donation in emergency conditions to save lives, based on the fiqh principle of ad-darurat tubihul mahzurat (emergency conditions allow what is forbidden) and maqasid sharia (hifz al-nafs/protecting the soul). Blood donation is also considered a highly recommended social charity and worship, and can even reach the level of fardhu kifayah, as long as it does not endanger the donor and is done sincerely. In addition, blood donation has health benefits for both donors and recipients.

Every individual who experiences a change in role in social responsibility including being a prisoner mostly experiences psychological problems, one of which is stress and the effect of stress shown is anxiety, as a result of anxiety that cannot be handled, it has an impact on disturbing individual sleep patterns. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety and the quality of sleep of detainees at the Bitung District Attorney's Office. This research method is observational analytic research with a Cross Sectional study design. The sample taken amounted to 45  respondents using Purposive sampling. Data collection using a questionnaire sheet. The collected data were processed using the IBM SPSS Version 23 computer. For the analysis test using Spearman Rho with a level of significance (α < 0.05). Spearman Rho statistical test obtained a value ≤ ρ = 0.001 (α <0.005). This means that Ha is accepted or there is a significant relationship between the relationship between anxiety and the quality of sleep of detainees at the Bitung District Attorney's Office. This study found a relationship between anxiety and the quality of sleep of detainees at the Bitung District Attorney's Office. Suggestions for the results of this study to all respondents to be able to control the anxiety experienced by increasing spiritual activities so that anxiety does not become a contributing factor to sleep disorders.

The emergency department (ED) is the frontline of the hospital that provides health care tp patients the hospital that provides health care to patients who experience emergency conditions. The principle of service in the emergency room is fast and timely, but the increase in the the number of patients visiting the emergency room and the availability of inadequate resources can result in patient waiting time. This study is known to know the relationship between the availability of facilities and human resources with patient waiting time in the emergency department installation. This study is an observational analytic study with a cross sectional study research design. Data collection using SAP and questionnaire sheets. For the analysis test using chi-square with a level of significance (a <0.05). The chi-square statistical test obtained a value ≤ p +(a <0.005). From this study, there is a relationship between the availability of facilities and human resources with patient waiting time in the emergency room.

This study aims to formulate a strategy for developing community-based ecotourism in Egon Buluk Village, Sikka Regency. This village has high natural tourism potential, such as Mount Egon, Blidit hot springs, protected forests, and Meang Miak waterfall. However, tourism development has not been optimal due to limited facilities, human resources, and promotion. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews and literature studies. The analysis was carried out using the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) method. The results of the analysis indicate the need for a strategy to strengthen local institutions, increase community capacity, develop infrastructure, and utilize external support from the government and universities. The development of ecotourism that actively involves the community is expected to encourage environmental conservation while improving local welfare in a sustainable manner.

Professional appearance is a very crucial aspect for an educator, especially in the context of vocational education such as State Vocational High Schools (SMKN), where educators act as role models for students. One element that can support professional appearance is knowledge in the field of make-up. The use of appropriate make-up not only reflects the level of professionalism, but can also increase self-confidence and reflect a good work ethic. This study aims to analyze the relationship between make-up knowledge and the professional appearance of educators at SMKN Padang City. The research method used is quantitative with a correlational approach. The sample in this study amounted to 53 female teachers from SMKN 06 and SMKN 07 Padang City who were selected using the proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and questionnaires, then analyzed using a correlation test. The results of the study showed that there was a significant correlation between the level of make-up knowledge and the professional appearance of teachers. Educators who have good insight in the field of make-up generally show a more well-groomed appearance, are full of confidence, and reflect professional standards in the educational environment. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that increasing knowledge about make-up makes a positive contribution to the formation of a professional image of teachers in the SMKN environment.

E-commerce has shown very rapid development in recent years as a result of advances in digital technology, changes in consumer preferences, and increasing access to the internet. This study aims to explore the direction of development, challenges, and potential of e-commerce in the future through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method of scientific publications published between 2018 and 2024. Of the 203 articles reviewed, 40 articles were selected for further analysis. The results of the study identified five main categories, namely: technological advances (including AI, IoT, and AR), consumer behavior trends, innovations in business models, regulatory and security issues, and opportunities open to MSMEs. The conclusion of the study confirms that the future direction of e-commerce will be largely determined by technology integration, policy adaptability, and business responses to changes in the digital market. These findings are expected to be a reference for academics, business actors, and policy makers in developing inclusive and sustainable e-commerce strategies in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Instagram social media as a means of disseminating tax information to Generation Z. In the context of the increasing use of social media by this generation of digital natives, the research focuses on five dimensions of effectiveness: participation, openness, conversation, community, and connectedness. The research method used is descriptive quantitative through an online survey using Google Form, which was conducted from November 2024 to February 2025 in the DKI Jakarta area. The sample consisted of 100 Generation Z respondents who actively use Instagram and have accessed tax content. The results showed that the five dimensions of effectiveness obtained an average value above 4.2 (very effective category), with an overall value of 4.29. This shows that Instagram is able to optimally convey tax information to Generation Z, mainly due to its visual and interactive format that suits the characteristics of this generation. In conclusion, Instagram is effective as a tax communication medium, but needs improvement in terms of interactive engagement and connection to official sources. This study suggests that the Directorate General of Taxes continue to develop communicative content, expand digital platforms, and consider a qualitative approach in future research.

Arabic writing is one of the important skills in learning Arabic, but many students have difficulty in mastering it. This study aims to identify strategies used by teachers in overcoming students' difficulties in writing Arabic. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the main difficulties experienced by students include limited vocabulary, understanding of grammatical structures (nahwu and sharaf), and lack of directed writing exercises. To overcome these problems, teachers apply several strategies, including: the use of interactive learning media, a contextual approach in teaching vocabulary, gradual structured writing exercises, and providing regular feedback. In addition, teachers also encourage students to read simple Arabic texts as an effort to improve their understanding of sentence structures and enrich their vocabulary. These strategies have been proven to help improve students' writing skills gradually. This study concludes that the active role of teachers, creativity in learning, and an approach that suits students' needs are very important in overcoming difficulties in writing Arabic among students.  

This study aims to find out and discuss the implementation of the road work agreement between the Public Works Office and Cv. Citra Ngada in Bajawa District, Ngada Regency. The research is an empirical research supported by primary data, secondary data and tertiary data. This study used data collection techniques in the form of literature studies and interviews with three respondents. This study uses data analysis techniques in the form of editing, coding and systemaging as well as qualitative descriptive data analysis. The results of this study show (1) the implementation of the Agreement between CV. Citra Ngada and the Public Works Office are carried out based on Presidential Regulation Number 12 of 2021 concerning the Procurement of Government Goods/Services. During the duration of the Segment Log Work Agreement, there was a change in work where there was a difference between the field conditions and the frame of reference specified in the contract document (2) Obstacles in the implementation of road works between the Public Works Office and CV Citra Ngada were greatly influenced by various internal and external factors. Bad weather, equipment breakdowns, labor shortages, and material procurement issues.  

Purpose of this research aims to find out and explain the function and role of the police in tackling online prostitution in Kupang City, and find out what factors affect the success of the police in tackling online prostitution in Kupang City. This research is a type of empirical research. The source of material from this study is primary legal material obtained from the information or opinions of the respondents, then analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study show that the Role of the Police in Overcoming Online Prostitution in Kupang City. The police's efforts to tackle online prostitution in Kupang City involve prevention, control, and enforcement measures. Prevention is carried out through community disease operations, education, and cyber patrols. Factors Affecting the Success of the Police in Overcoming Online Prostitution in Kupang City. The factors that affect the success of the police in tackling online protests are Internal Factors and External Factors. Suggestion from the author It is hoped that the East Nusa Tenggara police will strengthen and debriefing the police so that legal action against online prostitution is more effective and fair.

This research is a study that aims to analyze the case of money theft at the automated teller machine of Leona Hospital, Kefamenanu Regency. This research is an empirical legal research supported by a qualitative descriptive approach using primary, secondary and tertiary data. The results of this study show that (1) The factors that cause the theft of money carried out by Security are internal factors and external factors. Internal factors are in the form of the intentions of the perpetrators, morals and education, while external factors are in the form of the living environment, economic conditions and global development. (2) In an effort to counteract restorative justice, restorative justice efforts are carried out so that the perpetrators who commit criminal acts do not undergo criminal proceedings, and thus, through joint deliberation, it is hoped that solutions and alternatives can be found to resolve criminal cases.

Corruption and the rule of law are two things that are not foreign in the order of national, state and social life. Corruption seems to be a vocabulary that is experiencing inflation because it is most often used in almost all news reports. However, in corruption cases, judges are often less observant in paying attention to the facts presented in the trial so that often defendants in corruption cases are not punished commensurate with their actions, some even end in acquittals. The research method used by the author is normative legal research, by reviewing or examining laws and court decisions related to the legal problems faced. The sources of legal materials used are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials which are then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that The basis for the Supreme Court's consideration in rejecting the public prosecutor's cassation application regarding the acquittal in corruption (Case Study of Supreme Court Decision Number: 2205 K/Pid.Sus/2022) is by considering the legal and non-legal aspects. Regarding the effectiveness of the decision in providing a deterrent effect for perpetrators of corruption in the future, judges in considering a decision should pay close attention to the facts in the trial so that the defendant's actions can be subject to sanctions and in the future can provide a deterrent effect on perpetrators of corruption in the future. The judge's consideration in imposing a sentence after the examination process in court must pay maximum attention to the sense of justice of the actions that have been committed by the defendant so that the verdict can provide a deterrent effect for perpetrators of corruption in the future.

This research aims to find out and analyze the implications of the expansion of sub-district areas on public services in Congkar District, East Manggarai Regency. This research is an empirical legal research supported by a socio-legal approach, a legislative approach and a conceptual approach using primary data and secondary data that are analyzed qualitatively descriptively. The results of the study show that (1) the expansion of Congkar District from Sambi Rampas District has had a real positive impact in the fields of administrative services, health, education, and infrastructure (2) the factors that hinder public services in Congkar District, East Manggarai Regency that hinder public services after the expansion are the factors of funds, infrastructure facilities and human resources.

Obscenity is often defined in the Criminal Code, which is a criminal act that contradicts and violates a person's decency and moral norms, all of which are in the environment of sexual lust. This crime of obscenity can deviate further where this crime of obscenity is committed by the perpetrator and the victim is someone of the same sex in this case the perpetrator is a man and the victim is a man as well or can be called (homosexual). The research method used is empirical juridical research. The results of the study show that the occurrence of same-sex abuse crimes is influenced by several factors, namely sexual orientation factors, psychological factors and science and technology abuse factors and child abuse crimes carried out with law enforcement efforts for crimes in pre-emptive efforts, preventive efforts and repressive efforts. The suggestions submitted include: The role of the family, especially parents, should be further improved in shaping a person's personality must be done from the moment a person is in the process of forming a personality and In order to be able to suppress and break the chain of the crime of same-sex molestation (homosexual) against children, it is necessary to improve the provisions in the Criminal Code and Law No. 23 of 2002 in conjunction with Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, namely by amending criminal penalties For perpetrators of sexual violence against children, it becomes life or the death penalty.

Land and Building Tax (PBB) is a tax on land and buildings. Earth is the surface of the earth and the body of the earth underneath, including land and waters, as well as the sea in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. Building is a technical construction that is planted or permanently attached to land and water for residence, place of business, and place of business. This research is an empirical legal research conducted in the Government of East Nusa Tenggara Province, namely in Lasiana Village, and the Regional Revenue Office (Dispenda) of Kupang City, related to the topics discussed in this paper. The data is analyzed descriptively-qualitatively. Based on the results the authors show that There is still a lack of public awareness in paying taxes. Taxpayers view prioritizing basic needs that must be met and prioritized. And view the tax as an extortionist so that many taxpayers complain that the increase in the tax burden is the same as the increase in their burden. In encouraging taxpayers to pay Land and Building Tax because of the inhibiting factors of low public awareness in paying Land and Building Tax.