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Cervical cancer is a significant public health problem globally, including in Indonesia. This disease ranks fourth as the most common cancer in women in the world, with an estimated 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths in 2020. Analyzing the current condition of cervical cancer in Indonesia including prevalence, risk factors, impacts, prevention efforts, and treatment based on data to provide a comprehensive picture of the situation of cervical cancer in Indonesia. Cervical cancer is defined as a malignant tumor in the cervix that attacks the epithelial layer and has the potential to spread. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. In addition, several supporting risk factors include risky sexual behavior, long-term use of oral contraceptives, smoking habits, nutritional deficiencies (especially vitamins C, E, and folic acid), and poor personal hygiene. The Indonesian government has attempted to identify the disease early through the Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (IVA) method used for early detection of cervical cancer in women aged 30 to 50 years. However, community participation in this program still needs to be improved sustainably. Treatment for cervical cancer can include surgery (eg cryosurgery, LEEP, hysterectomy), radiation, and chemotherapy. Cervical cancer remains a major health challenge in Indonesia. Improved education programs, participation in early detection of IVA, and strengthening of the health system as a whole are needed to effectively reduce morbidity and mortality caused by this disease.

Adolescence is a critical phase in individual development, especially for adolescent girls who begin to experience menstruation as a sign of reproductive maturity. However, not all adolescents experience menstruation normally; some experience disorders such as menstrual pain, irregular cycles, and prolonged bleeding. This study aims to explore in depth the subjective experiences of adolescent girls with menstrual disorders at SMP Negeri 2 Bunta, Banggai Regency, focusing on the nature of the disorders experienced, their interpretation of these experiences, coping strategies, and the social support received. This study employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The primary informants were female adolescents in grades VII–IX who had experienced menstrual disorders in the past six months, selected purposively until data saturation was achieved. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, non-participatory observation, and document analysis. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that menstrual disorders are viewed as normal by most informants, despite causing physical discomfort and psychological anxiety. Adolescents' responses to these disorders vary, ranging from the use of warm compresses and medication to no intervention at all. The primary sources of information are mothers and social media, while the roles of teachers and schools remain limited. Social support is most commonly provided by family, although some adolescents also feel supported by peers and teachers. This study emphasizes the importance of systematic reproductive health education, school involvement in supporting adolescents, and the creation of safe and stigma-free discussion spaces regarding menstruation-related issues.

This study examines the causes and impacts of hazardous and toxic waste (B3) spills in Bekasi Regency, West Java. B3 waste such as used oil, batteries, and heavy metals can pollute the environment and harm public health. Key causes include lack of treatment facilities, violations of disposal procedures, and weather factors like flooding. The research uses normative legal approaches. The findings of this study underscore the necessity of managing hazardous waste in compliance with established regulations, enforcing environmental laws rigorously, and ensuring active involvement from both government institutions and the public in monitoring efforts. The application of the strict liability principle is considered highly important in providing a deterrent effect against polluters through legal accountability.

This study aims to analyze the decisions of judges at the First Instance Court and the Cassation Level related to the crime of forgery of customs documents in Decision Number 185/PID.SUS/2016/PN.JAK.UTR and Decision Number 294 K/PID.SUS/2018. This study uses the Normative Juridical Legal Research Method by utilizing laws and regulations and judges' decisions and using the theory of criminal acts and the theory of punishment. The formulation of the problem in this study is, how is the consideration of the Panel of Judges at the First Instance Court so that the defendant is released from all charges by the Public Prosecutor, and how are the arguments of the Public Prosecutor's cassation memorandum and the legal considerations of the Panel of Judges at the Cassation level so that they impose a criminal sentence on the defendant. This study found that, the legal considerations of the Panel of Judges in Decision Number 185/PID.SUS/2016/PN.JAK.UTR which acquitted the Defendant from all charges of the Public Prosecutor because according to the Panel of Judges' considerations, all the tools and evidence revealed in the trial were in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code, both Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code and the conviction of the judge referred to in the provisions of Article 183 of the Criminal Procedure Code, and according to the theories of criminal acts and theories of punishment that the Defendant was not legally and convincingly proven to have committed the crime of falsifying customs documents. The arguments of the Public Prosecutor's cassation memorandum emphasize that Judex Facti applied the law incorrectly so that the Legal Considerations of the Panel of Judges of the Supreme Court in the Cassation Decision Number: 294 K/PID.SUS/2018 imposed a criminal sentence on the defendant because the Panel of Judges of the first instance (Judex Facti) applied the law incorrectly, therefore the Defendant was proven legally and convincingly guilty of jointly committing the crime of falsifying Customs documents as stipulated in Article 103 letter a of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 1995 concerning customs, as amended by Law Number 17 of 2006 in conjunction with Article 55 Paragraph (1) KE-1 of the Criminal Code.

Athis study explores the optimization of labor inspection to ensure legal protection for the fulfillment of workers’ rights in Indonesia. Despite existing regulations, violations of labor rights frequently occur due to weak enforcement. Using a qualitatibe descriptive method through literature review, this research highlights issues such as the PT GNI case that demonstrate inadequate preventive and enforcement actions by labor inspectors. The study recommends strengthening labor inspection through preventive and repressive measures, the use of technology, community-based monitoring, and the implementation of transparent and accountable oversight principles. These findings aim to provide recommendations for the government to enhance the labor inspection system for better protection and legal enforcement for workers.

The selection of the head of government is a fundamental aspect of the constitutional system that reflects the political and legal character of a state. Although Indonesia and Malaysia share similar historical roots, they adopt significantly different systems of governance. This study addresses two core issues which are about the structure and mechanism of executive and legislative power, and the impact of the presidential threshold and parliamentary coalition on governmental stability. Using a normative juridical method with statutory and comparative approaches, the findings reveal that Indonesia, under a presidential system, applies a nomination threshold to ensure political stability, yet it may restrict political access. Meanwhile, Malaysia’s parliamentary system is more flexible but vulnerable to instability due to coalition dynamics. This study recommends a reassessment of Indonesia’s presidential threshold for a more democratic process and strengthening of political stability mechanisms in Malaysia.

This research have a purpose to prove the influence of social support on self confidence of students at SMAN 100 Jakarta. This research was motivated by the large number of students who feel inferior or lack self-confidence so that it can interfere with and hinder the improvement of their achievements, skills, or interests both academically and non-academically. Quantitative with a sampling technique, namely simple random sampling, is the foundation of this study. Students of SMA Negeri 100 Jakarta class 10 became the population in the study conducted. With an R Square value of 0.512, it proves that there is an influence of social support on self-confidence which is presented at 51.2%, while 48.8% is the contribution of variables other than social support such as self-concept which the researcher did not include in this study. The findings are reinforced by the t-test analysis value with an acquisition of 15.928> 1.978 which can be concluded that there is an influence of social support on the self-confidence of class X students at SMA Negeri 100 Jakarta.

Early marriage is a complex social issue that requires special attention due to its negative impacts on individual development, health, and family stability. In Indonesia, policies related to early marriage are regulated in Law No. 16 of 2019, which sets the minimum age for marriage. The Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) Medan City plays a crucial role in addressing and preventing early marriage through various policies and programs, one of which is youth counseling and the certificate of marriage eligibility program. This study aims to analyze KUA Medan City's policies on handling and preventing early marriage and to assess the effectiveness of these programs. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach through an internship at KUA Medan City, involving observation and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The findings show that KUA Medan City has implemented policies to address early marriage effectively, although there are several challenges in its implementation, such as a lack of public understanding regarding the legal marriage age and low interest in participating in marriage counseling programs. In conclusion, while significant efforts have been made, there is still a need to raise public awareness and expand access to services provided by KUA to reduce the incidence of early marriage in the area.

This study explores the politeness strategies used in netizens’ comments on the policy of disbursing regional ASN teacher allowances across three social media platforms: Facebook, TikTok, and Instagram. The research is grounded in the growing phenomenon of public opinion expression in digital spaces, which often reflects varying levels of language politeness. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of politeness strategies used, examine the differences between platforms, and uncover the influencing factors. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the study applies Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory. Data were collected from user comments on a speech by President Prabowo Subianto regarding ASN teacher allowance distribution. The findings indicate that negative politeness and impoliteness strategies dominate across all platforms, with varying patterns. Facebook and TikTok featured more direct and sarcastic comments, while Instagram tended to display more indirect and polite expressions. Influencing factors include platform characteristics, the content of the speech, and the personal experiences of users. These findings contribute to digital pragmatics studies and offer practical insights for promoting ethical communication on social media.

This study aims to analyze the skills of understanding Arabic letters and reports at Madrasah Nurul Istifadah and identify factors that influence students' understanding, the learning methods used, and the effectiveness of the strategies applied. Understanding skills in this context include the ability to recognize text structure, analyze content, and interpret formal language styles. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that group discussion strategies and repeated reading with gradual understanding proved effective in improving students' understanding of Arabic letters and reports. This strategy not only improves students' linguistic abilities, but also encourages cooperation, self-confidence, and critical thinking skills. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more contextual and effective Arabic language learning methods, especially in understanding formal texts.

This study aims to explore the role of harakat in assisting beginner students at Pondok Pesantren Zainul Hasan Genggong in reading and understanding Arabic texts. Learning Arabic, especially for beginners, presents its own challenges, particularly in reading texts that use the harakat system. Harakat plays a crucial role in proper pronunciation and understanding the meaning of words. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, involving 1) seventh-grade students and 2) the arabic language teachers in that class. The results of the study show that harakat significantly helps students in understanding Arabic grammar, improving reading skills, and comprehending the meaning of texts. Additionally, internal factors such as physical health, as well as external factors like family conditions, also influence students' ability to read Arabic texts. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the use of harakat in teaching Arabic to beginners be maintained and enhanced.  

This study aims to analyze the skills of understanding Arabic letters and reports at Madrasah Nurul Istifadah and identify factors that influence students' understanding, the learning methods used, and the effectiveness of the strategies applied. Understanding skills in this context include the ability to recognize text structure, analyze content, and interpret formal language styles. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that group discussion strategies and repeated reading with gradual understanding proved effective in improving students' understanding of Arabic letters and reports. This strategy not only improves students' linguistic abilities, but also encourages cooperation, self-confidence, and critical thinking skills. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more contextual and effective Arabic language learning methods, especially in understanding formal texts.

This study aims to explore the role of harakat in assisting beginner students at Pondok Pesantren Zainul Hasan Genggong in reading and understanding Arabic texts. Learning Arabic, especially for beginners, presents its own challenges, particularly in reading texts that use the harakat system. Harakat plays a crucial role in proper pronunciation and understanding the meaning of words. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, involving 1) seventh-grade students and 2) the arabic language teachers in that class. The results of the study show that harakat significantly helps students in understanding Arabic grammar, improving reading skills, and comprehending the meaning of texts. Additionally, internal factors such as physical health, as well as external factors like family conditions, also influence students' ability to read Arabic texts. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the use of harakat in teaching Arabic to beginners be maintained and enhanced.  

This study aims to analyze the figurative language used in the song lyrics of “Cause You Have To” by the American band LANY. Using a qualitative descriptive method, this research identifies and interprets various types of figurative language found in the lyrics, focusing on metaphor, simile, hyperbole, personification, symbolism, irony, allusion, and synecdoche. The findings reveal that these figurative devices play a significant role in conveying the emotional depth, psychological tension, and relational conflict expressed in the song. Metaphors and hyperboles dominate the lyrics, enhancing the emotional impact by illustrating themes of unreciprocated love, emotional detachment, and inner turmoil. For example, metaphors like “the silence is getting too cold” and hyperbolic expressions such as “I’d drive through the night” contribute to the song’s emotional intensity. The study concludes that figurative language is essential in shaping the narrative and emotional resonance of the song, allowing listeners to engage with the lyrics on a more personal and interpretive level. This research highlights the importance of figurative language in music and its role in deepening the listener’s emotional experience.

This study examined the role of mobile-based language learning applications, particularly Duolingo, in supporting self-directed English language learning. Using a qualitative approach through literature review, this research analyzed various academic studies published between 2018 and 2024 that focused on the effectiveness of Duolingo in improving vocabulary, grammar, and learning motivation. The results indicated that Duolingo helped learners develop consistent study habits and fostered autonomy through its gamified features. In addition, the app offered a flexible and engaging learning environment. However, limitations were found in speaking skill development and social interaction, which the application did not fully support. Overall, Duolingo serves as a useful supplementary tool in learning English, but it should be combined with other methods for more comprehensive outcomes.

This study aims to analyze the views and attitudes of the community towards the use of Indonesian in everyday life, and to identify the factors that influence it from social, cultural, educational, and media aspects. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and interviews with 10 respondents from the community who use Indonesian and regional languages. The results of the study indicate that Indonesian plays an important role as a national identity, a unifying tool, and a reflection of the nation's culture. However, the influence of globalization and the development of digital technology have caused a shift in language attitudes, marked by the increasing use of foreign languages ​​and slang in everyday communication. However, there is still a high level of awareness in some communities to use Indonesian properly and correctly. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening language literacy through education and media so that Indonesian remains existent, adaptive, and dignified in the modern era.

The research method employed is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Informants for this study consisted of the school principal, teachers, students, and community members. The research findings indicate the implementation of quality assurance management. First, a plan is developed related to the vision and mission as the goals to be achieved. Second, organization by the Madrasah Quality Assurance Team focuses on quality. Third, implementation involves a series of activities, such as teacher training and the implementation of a structured evaluation system. Fourth, for control, the principal and the QAT (Quality Assurance Team) actively motivate all school elements. Fifth, the guidance phase involves continuous control through periodic monitoring and evaluation of the quality assurance program's implementation, supported by the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) theory. Efforts to enhance trust include an emotional approach, offering programs that align with community needs, and consistently providing updates on student progress through social media

This study describes the role of leadership in improving the quality of education through School Based Management which is applied at S MI Roudlotul Jannah Prambon with the formulation of the research problem: What is the role of leadership in improving the quality of education, What are the supporting and inhibiting factors in improving the quality of education through School Based Management . The method used is a qualitative approach with a case study approach. Data collection techniques are used by observation, interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques are made by data reduction, data display and conclusion (verification) and data validity. The results of this study indicate that school principals have implemented SBM to improve the quality of education with the following activities: First, madrasah heads have planned and evaluated school programs, curriculum management and teaching and learning processes, student services, human resource management, financial management, facility management and Infrastructure and School-Community Relations. Second; the head of the madrasa plays a role as; Supervisors, Managerial and Educators thus the leadership role of the head of the madrasa at MI Roudlotul Jannah in order to improve the quality of education, has been quite well demonstrated by the graduation standards which increase every year. Third; supporting and inhibiting factors include: Supporting: Visionary Leadership, Qualified Teachers, Relevant Curriculum, Parental and Community Participation and Adequate Facilities; Barriers: Technology and Globalization Challenges, Lack of Funding Sources, Inadequate Evaluation and Monitoring, Lack of Access to Technology and Infrastructure.

Islamic education aims to shape individuals who are faithful, possess noble character, and can make positive contributions to society. Besides transferring knowledge, Islamic education also instills spiritual, social, and intellectual values, in line with the goals of the SDGs, particularly quality and sustainable education. Its implementation involves synergy among schools, pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), and social-religious institutions. Even though it faces challenges such as resource limitations and the influences of globalization, Islamic education has significant opportunities through digital technology and government policy support. By integrating Islamic values into an adaptive and inclusive education system and strengthening collaboration among institutions, Islamic education can become a key pillar in building a civil society with global competitiveness.

The transformation of the workplace driven by digitalization and generational value shifts has introduced new challenges in maintaining ethical and organizational culture, particularly among Millennials and Gen Z. This study aims to examine the extent to which Islamic values—especially through Islamic Work Ethics (IWE) and spiritual intelligence—are integrated in shaping the work culture of young professionals. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected via surveys from 150 respondents working in the startup, Islamic banking, and educational sectors in the Greater Jakarta area. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis via SmartPLS. The results show that both IWE and spiritual intelligence have a positive and significant effect on work culture, with a combined contribution of 56%. These findings indicate that integrating Islamic values can foster an ethical, productive, and spiritually aligned work culture among younger generations. The study has theoretical implications for developing a contextual Islamic work culture framework, and practical implications for organizations seeking to design policies grounded in spiritual and Islamic ethical principles