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This study aims to explore how the inquiry approach functions as a pedagogical strategy in Christian Religious Education to enhance students’ spiritual discernment. The background of this research arises from the tendency of learning practices that remain predominantly focused on cognitive aspects, thereby not fully cultivating spiritual sensitivity in life decision-making. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through a review of theological and pedagogical literature, conceptual analysis, and reflection on classroom learning practices. The analysis focuses on the relationship between the core elements of inquiry questioning, investigating, dialoguing, and reflecting on knowledge and the process of developing the ability to discern God’s will in the real-life contexts of students. The findings indicate that inquiry effectively creates a reflective learning experience that integrates cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, enabling students not only to understand faith teachings theoretically but also to consider Christian values in concrete situations. This approach encourages active participation, constructive and critical dialogue, and fosters habits of faith reflection, moral sensitivity, and personal responsibility. Thus, inquiry is proven to be a relevant pedagogical method for achieving the theological goal of Christian Religious Education, namely the formation of spiritual discernment that guides students’ attitudes, decisions, and actions in daily life.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the inquiry learning strategy on students' critical thinking skills in Islamic Education (PAI) learning. The research employed a quantitative approach using an experimental design to examine the effectiveness of the strategy in improving students’ learning outcomes. The subjects of the study consisted of students who were divided into two groups, namely an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received instruction through the inquiry learning strategy, while the control group was taught using conventional teaching methods commonly applied in classroom learning activities. Data collection was carried out through critical thinking tests and classroom observations to obtain comprehensive information regarding students’ learning processes and achievements. The results of the study indicate that students taught using the inquiry learning strategy experienced a significant improvement in their critical thinking skills compared to students who learned through conventional methods. Therefore, the inquiry learning strategy is proven to be effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills in PAI learning. This study is expected to become a useful reference for educators in developing more innovative, interactive, and student-centered learning strategies in the educational process.

Inclusive Early Childhood Education (PAUD) faces significant challenges in the era of digital disruption, particularly in integrating technology with meaningful and contextual learning. This study aims to develop and implement a contextual deep learning strategy through the ASYIK, ATIK, and SIUUL models. The research used a participatory workshop method combined with experiential learning and collaborative inquiry approaches, involving 50 PAUD practitioners in the Cikarang area. The findings showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge and a very high level of satisfaction, with 98% reporting satisfaction or high satisfaction. The learning simulations demonstrated the successful application of creative and contextual strategies to support inclusive education for children with special needs. Participants were highly motivated to implement these models in their institutions. The study recommends continuous technical support, the development of adaptive learning media, and the establishment of practitioner communities to ensure the sustainable implementation of inclusive education. These efforts are essential to enhance the quality and inclusiveness of early childhood education in the digital era.

This study aims to understand how the spirit of innovation and the meaning of entrepreneurship are constructed through the lived experiences of startup business actors in the digital economy era. Using a qualitative narrative inquiry approach within the social constructivist paradigm, this research explores how startup entrepreneurs interpret innovation, resilience in the face of failure, and social responsibility as integral parts of their entrepreneurial identity. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis of startups in the technology, education, and creative economy sectors in Indonesia. Narrative thematic analysis reveals that innovation is understood not merely as a business strategy but also as a form of self-expression and the construction of entrepreneurial identity. Failure is perceived as a reflective learning process that shapes resilience and generates new meaning in the entrepreneurial journey. Moreover, entrepreneurship is interpreted as a meaningful journey that integrates economic goals with social and moral values. The digital ecosystem functions as a social space where entrepreneurial values are negotiated, shared, and reinforced through interaction and collaboration. These findings affirm that entrepreneurship in the digital era is a social process involving creativity, ethical reflection, and sustainable innovation. Theoretically, this study contributes to expanding the understanding of entrepreneurship as a social practice, while practically emphasizing the importance of reflective learning and value awareness in building a sustainable and meaningful startup ecosystem for society.

This study aims to examine teachers' strategies in improving students' understanding of effective sentence concepts through the implementation of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model in elementary schools. The issues addressed in this research include how teachers design and implement context-based learning strategies, the challenges encountered during implementation, and the impact on students’ understanding of effective sentence structures. This research employs a literature review method by analyzing various journals, scholarly articles, and relevant documents. The findings indicate that teaching strategies that connect instructional materials with students’ real-life contexts—through CTL components such as constructivism, inquiry, questioning, learning community, modeling, reflection, and authentic assessment—are proven to significantly enhance students’ understanding of effective sentences. Furthermore, the implementation of interactive and meaningful strategies also increases student participation and fosters positive attitudes toward learning the Indonesian language. However, the application of CTL faces several challenges, including limited instructional time, teacher readiness, and diverse student abilities. Therefore, support from the school and professional development for teachers is essential to ensure that CTL-based teaching strategies can be implemented optimally and sustainably.

The inquiry learning strategy is a pedagogical approach that positions students as active agents in the process of seeking and discovering knowledge. This paper explores the definition, characteristics, underlying principles, advantages, limitations, and implementation stages of the inquiry strategy in learning processes. Rooted in constructivist theory, it emphasizes the value of direct experience and critical thinking in constructing understanding. The analysis reveals that inquiry-based learning enhances students’ critical thinking skills, independence, active participation, motivation, and self-confidence. However, successful implementation requires teachers to be well-prepared in designing meaningful and adaptable instruction. This article recommends applying the inquiry strategy selectively and contextually, especially within Islamic Religious Education, to foster reflective reasoning and character development among students.

The digital era requires the world of education to adapt to learning innovations that can increase student participation and enthusiasm, especially at the elementary school level. This research was motivated by students' low interest in learning which was influenced by conventional learning methods that were less interactive. The aim of this research is to examine the effectiveness of creative learning strategies through collaboration between gamification and inquiry methods in increasing student enthusiasm for learning. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method carried out in one elementary school in Indonesia. Data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation, then analyzed descriptively. The research results show that the integration of gamification with inquiry methods can significantly increase students' active involvement, curiosity and enthusiasm for learning in the learning process. The use of game elements combined with independent exploration is proven to create a fun and challenging learning atmosphere. The implications of these findings show the importance of implementing innovative and contextual learning strategies to support student learning processes in the digital era. This strategy is recommended as an alternative learning method that is relevant to be widely implemented in elementary schools.

Inquiry learning strategy is an educational approach that places students at the center of the learning process by encouraging them to actively seek, discover, and conclude knowledge through questioning, observing, and critically analyzing. In this strategy, students are not passive recipients of information from the teacher but are directly involved in learning activities that demand critical and analytical thinking skills. Through inquiry learning, students develop critical thinking abilities by engaging in stages such as problem formulation, hypothesis development, data collection, and drawing conclusions based on observations and analysis. This approach has been proven effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills as it promotes active and independent participation in learning, while also boosting motivation and self-confidence. The teacher acts as a facilitator who guides and motivates students to sharpen their critical thinking skills in solving problems systematically and logically. Thus, inquiry learning strategy not only enriches students’ understanding of the subject matter but also equips them with essential thinking skills to face future life and learning challenges.  

Inquiry learning strategy is an educational approach that places students at the center of the learning process by encouraging them to actively seek, discover, and conclude knowledge through questioning, observing, and critically analyzing. In this strategy, students are not passive recipients of information from the teacher but are directly involved in learning activities that demand critical and analytical thinking skills. Through inquiry learning, students develop critical thinking abilities by engaging in stages such as problem formulation, hypothesis development, data collection, and drawing conclusions based on observations and analysis. This approach has been proven effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills as it promotes active and independent participation in learning, while also boosting motivation and self-confidence. The teacher acts as a facilitator who guides and motivates students to sharpen their critical thinking skills in solving problems systematically and logically. Thus, inquiry learning strategy not only enriches students’ understanding of the subject matter but also equips them with essential thinking skills to face future life and learning challenges.

Learning strategies play a vital role in determining the success of the educational process, particularly in achieving learning objectives effectively and efficiently. This article aims to comprehensively examine fundamental concepts of learning strategies by addressing five main research questions: (1) what is the definition of learning strategies? (2) how are models, approaches, strategies, methods, and techniques of learning interrelated? (3) what are the classifications of learning strategies? (4) what are the essential components of a learning strategy? and (5) what considerations are important in selecting an appropriate learning strategy? Using a descriptive-qualitative approach, this article draws upon various educational literature, both classical and contemporary, to formulate a comprehensive understanding of learning strategies. The discussion on the definition highlights that a strategy is not merely a technical step but also a pedagogical framework that reflects a systematic way of thinking. Furthermore, this article emphasizes the importance of understanding the interconnectedness of learning models (conceptual frameworks), approaches (philosophical orientations), strategies (overall plans), methods (procedural steps), and techniques (practical actions) in order for educators to design cohesive and holistic learning processes. The classification of learning strategies is discussed based on the learning approach used, such as expository, inquiry-based, cooperative, contextual, and problem-based strategies—each with its own advantages and challenges. The article also identifies key components of learning strategies, including learning objectives, student characteristics, materials, media, methods, and evaluation. In choosing the appropriate strategy, the author highlights the need to consider factors such as learning goals, learner characteristics, available resources, and the socio-cultural context of the learning environment, particularly within the framework of Islamic education. The findings of this study are expected to contribute both theoretically and practically to the development of more contextual, adaptive, and relevant learning designs, especially for educators and prospective teachers within Islamic State Universities.    

This study aims to determine (1) the types of strategies used by Islamic Religious Education teachers to enhance students' learning motivation at UPT SPF SD Inpres Perumnas I Makassar, (2) the impact of implementing these strategies on students' learning motivation at UPT SPF SD Inpres Perumnas I Makassar, and (3) the supporting and inhibiting factors influencing Islamic Religious Education teachers in enhancing students' learning motivation at UPT SPF SD Inpres Perumnas I Makassar. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach to gather factual information and truths occurring in the field through data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings of this study indicate that (1) Islamic Religious Education teachers use various strategies to enhance students' learning motivation, including expository, contextual learning, cooperative learning, inquiry, ice-breaking activities, reinforcement, praise, punishment, and grading. (2) The implementation of these strategies has positively impacted students' motivation by increasing enthusiasm for learning, improving focus, fostering responsibility for both academic and non-academic tasks, and preventing boredom during the learning process. (3) The supporting factors in the teaching and learning process include adequate facilities and infrastructure, as well as the application of effective and efficient teaching methods. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors faced by students include a lack of parental awareness in providing attention and support for their education, as well as the influence of peers who tend to be less motivated in participating in learning activities.

This research aims to explore the effectiveness of inquiry learning strategies in Social Sciences (IPS) learning at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) and Elementary School (SD) levels. The method used in this research is a literature study, which collects and analyzes various references from articles, books and journals that discuss the application and results of using inquiry strategies in educational contexts. The results of the analysis show that inquiry learning strategies can increase students' active involvement, improve understanding of social studies concepts, and develop critical thinking and problem solving skills. However, the effectiveness of this strategy is greatly influenced by factors such as the teacher's skills in managing the class, students' readiness for independent learning, and facilities that support the implementation of learning. In addition, challenges that arise in its implementation include limited time available in the curriculum and a lack of resources that support optimal use of inquiry strategies. However, overall, this research concludes that inquiry learning strategies can improve the quality of social studies learning, and to achieve optimal results, it is necessary.  

Identifying key principles in Jesus' teaching method that are relevant to the concept of active learning. Analyzing how these principles can be integrated into the practice of Christian character education for students. Exploring the potential impact of implementing an active learning model based on Jesus' example on the formation of Christian character in students. This study adopted a qualitative approach with a literature study design and narrative analysis. This method was chosen because of its ability to explore in depth abstract concepts and analyze narrative texts that are at the heart of Jesus' teaching. google scholer, especially the narrative of Jesus' teaching in the Gospels. Secondary data sources include academic literature on character education, active learning, and studies on Jesus' teaching method. Active learning is a way or strategy of learning that allows students to interact, solve problems, to learn naturally. The Active Learning Approach is a teaching strategy that encourages students to interact, solve problems, and achieve realization naturally. Active learning, often known as active learning, is a type of education in which students engage students who are active in the learning process. Actively participate in the learning process. This study shows that Jesus' teaching method offers an active learning model that is very relevant and effective for building Christian character. Key principles such as the use of imagery, reflective inquiry, direct experience, and contextualization can be effectively integrated into contemporary Christian character education practices.

This quantitative study aims to discover the effect of the Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) learning strategy on students' science process skills concerning reaction rate material. The study employs a quasi-experimental design with a pre-posttest control group. The instrument used is a multiple-choice test to measure students' science process skills. The sample consists of all students in the XI IPA class at SMA Negeri 5 Gorontalo, totaling 45 students: 22 in the experimental group and 23 in the control group. Data analysis utilizes the Rasch Model and SPSS 16.0 for hypothesis testing using the Wilcoxon test. The analysis results show that the person reliability value is 0.00, indicating weak consistency in answering the questions, while the item reliability value is 0.71, suggesting that the quality of the test items is quite good. The mean difference in item scores from pre-test to post-test is greater in the experimental group (3.83 logit) compared to the control group (1.59 logit). Wilcoxon test results show significant values < 0.05, with the experimental group having a significant value of 0.00 and the control group at 0.00.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the use of inquiry-based learning design in improving students' conceptual understanding. This research uses the literature study method. The literature study method is conducted by collecting and reviewing various relevant literature, including scientific journals, books, articles, and research reports that discuss the topic of inquiry-based learning and its relation to students' conceptual understanding. The results of this study show that inquiry-based learning strategy is an approach that places students as the center of learning, encouraging them to think critically and discover knowledge independently, while the teacher acts as a facilitator in the process of formulating problems to draw conclusions. This method is effective for developing students' cognitive, affective and psychomotor abilities and adapts to their individual learning styles, although it can be a challenge for students who are used to conventional learning. Meanwhile, students' concept understanding includes the ability to master, apply, and explain a concept through various indicators, such as giving examples, distinguishing, and applying concepts in various situations.

Understanding the concept of chemical bonds is a fundamental aspect in chemistry learning at the high school level. However, many students have difficulty in understanding this concept in depth. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the guided inquiry method in improving the understanding of the concept of chemical bonds. The method used was an experiment with a control group design, where one group was taught with the guided inquiry method, while the other group used the conventional method. The results showed that students who learned with the guided inquiry method had a better understanding of the concept compared to the control group. This finding indicates that the application of the guided inquiry method can be an effective strategy in improving the quality of chemistry learning in schools.

The main objective of this study was to determine the extent to which students' critical thinking skills can be improved through the implementation of a guided inquiry learning model based on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). This study used a quasi-experimental approach with a post-test only control group design. The study population consisted of 5 classes with a total of 190 students. From this population, the researcher took a sample of 68 students through a simple random sampling technique. The sample was then divided into two groups, namely 34 students for the experimental class and 34 students for the control class. The research instrument was a critical thinking skills test consisting of 20 objective, reasoned questions. The research data were analyzed using a t-test. Based on the calculation results, the t-value was 3.792, while the t-table value at a significance level of 0.05 was 2.037. This indicates that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Thus, there is a significant difference between the critical thinking skills of students who participated in learning with a guided inquiry model based on ESD compared to conventional learning. In addition, the improvement in critical thinking skills was also analyzed through the N-Gain calculation. The results showed that the experimental class achieved a 65% improvement, categorized as moderate, while the control class achieved a 59% improvement, also categorized as moderate. These findings indicate that guided inquiry learning integrated with ESD principles provides a more effective way to foster students' critical thinking skills compared to traditional methods. Therefore, ESD-based guided inquiry learning can be an alternative, innovative learning strategy to improve the quality of the learning process in secondary schools.

This study aims to determine the strategies used by teachers in improving the quality of Fiqh learning for class I at MIN 3 Way Kanan. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The main instrument in this study is an interview guideline to identify problems that occur in the learning process. Based on the results of the study, it was found that teachers have not been consistent in implementing learning strategies, methods, and supporting media so that students have difficulty in understanding the material well. This is due to the lack of creativity and innovation of teachers in compiling and developing Learning Implementation Plans (RPP). In improving the quality of Fiqh learning, the strategies used by teachers include the implementation of student-centered learning with an inquiry approach, which can make the learning process more active and enjoyable. Teachers also need to compile RPPs creatively and innovatively, understand learning objectives, and find additional learning resources besides LKS.

The purpose of this writing is to discuss inquiry learning strategies. The inquiry learning strategy states that teachers are not the only learning source, there are many other learning sources that can support successful learning. The teacher is only a facilitator, a guide who always directs students in learning. Students are designed as discoverers or seekers of knowledge, a teacher's job is to manage students so that they gain knowledge and become meaningful. Because with meaning the knowledge will enter their knowledge, so that it will always be remembered by students. The student does everything the teacher only prepares, because the student does the learning will be a meaningful experience for the student.

This writing aims to describe the use of inquiry methods in learning moral beliefs. Inquiry learning strategies on students' learning motivation in the subject of moral beliefs. This inquiry-based learning approach is related to creating students to think critically, as well as giving them the opportunity to collect information independently and analyze it. With the opportunity to independently collect information and analyze it.