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This study aims to enhance students' learning outcomes in Natural Science (IPA) through the demonstration method in fourth-grade students at SD Inpres Teas, Noebeba District, Timor Tengah Selatan Regency. The research was motivated by low science learning outcomes, with 60% of students failing to meet the Minimum Competency Criteria (KKM) of 70. Conventional teaching methods contributed to students' passivity and lack of engagement. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) follows the Kemmis and McTaggart model, consisting of two cycles with four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The study involved 10 fourth-grade students, with data collected through learning outcome tests, observations, and teacher interviews. Descriptive quantitative analysis compared student performance before and after intervention. Results indicated that the demonstration method effectively improved science learning outcomes. Initially, students scored an average of 73.5, with a mastery rate of 40%. After applying the demonstration method in cycle I, the average increased to 84.1, with 70% mastery. In cycle II, refining teaching strategies led to an average score of 90.1, with 90% mastery. The method also enhanced student engagement, teamwork, and conceptual understanding. These findings suggest that the demonstration method is an effective strategy for improving science learning outcomes. Teachers are encouraged to incorporate demonstrations regularly, and schools should provide necessary resources to optimize learning experiences.

This study aims to explore the various challenges faced by students in learning science and to analyze the internal and external factors that influence them. This research is motivated by the low success rate of students in science courses, which is thought to be due to multiple obstacles involving cognitive, affective, and learning environment aspects. The research method used is a qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews and surveys of students enrolled in science courses at universities. The findings show that internal factors, such as self-efficacy, basic mathematical skills, and intrinsic motivation, play a significant role in influencing students’ understanding of science material. On the other hand, external factors, including curriculum, teaching methods, environmental support, and facility limitations, also have a substantial impact. This study suggests improvements in curriculum reform at the elementary and secondary levels, more interactive teaching methods, and adequate academic support to help students overcome difficulties in science courses. These findings are expected to provide insights for educational institutions and educators in designing more effective learning strategies to enhance students' competencies in science.

This study aims to explore the application of turmeric as an acid-base indicator in science learning at Madrasah ibtidaiyah ihya ulumiddin banjarmasin, as well as to understand students' perspectives on the use of turmeric in acid-base reaction experiments. The research method employed is a qualitative approach, utilizing interviews and observations with students at the madrasah. In the experiment, turmeric is used to indicate pH changes in solutions of Sunlight soap as a base and lime juice as an acid. The findings reveal that students have a good understanding of the acid-base concept and recognize the benefits of using turmeric as a natural, easily accessible, and environmentally friendly indicator. Based on interview results, students also expressed that this experiment made science learning more engaging and easier to comprehend. This study is expected to provide new insights into more contextual and applicable science teaching at the madrasah level.

The aim of this research is to explore the effectiveness of using Augmented Reality (AR) technology as an innovative medium in learning Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) to increase elementary school students' awareness and understanding of preserving natural resources. This research uses a quasi-experimental research method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research subjects were fifth grade students at an elementary school in Indonesia, who were divided into an experimental group that used AR media and a control group that used conventional learning media. The research results show that the use of AR media significantly increases students' understanding of the concept of preserving natural resources compared to traditional learning methods. In addition, students in the experimental group showed higher levels of learning motivation as well as active participation in class discussions. The implication of this research is that AR technology can be an effective and interesting learning tool in teaching complex environmental topics. The use of AR not only helps students understand concepts visually and interactively, but also motivates them to be more actively involved in efforts to conserve natural resources. The results of this research provide a basis for the development of technology-based learning media that can be applied in various educational contexts, especially to support sustainable education at the elementary school level.

Education is basically a conscious effort to develop students' potential to the maximum. One important aspect of education is character education which aims to train children so that they grow into responsible individuals. Thus, character education not only helps overcome signs of moral crisis, but also plays a role in developing the younger generation. Social studies education is a science that studies social life using teaching materials based on research in the fields of history, geography, economics, sociology, anthropology and political art.

The 21st century presents significant challenges in education, including the need for critical thinking, creativity, communication and collaboration (4C) skills. This article explores the importance of 4C skills development in Social Science learning to prepare students for the era of globalization and the industrial revolution 4.0. Through a systematic literature review of national and international scientific articles, this research identifies the relevance of 4C skills in improving analytical ability, team collaboration, innovation, and interpersonal communication. The results show that the integration of 4C skills in social studies learning can foster social intelligence, empathy and multicultural awareness. With a holistic approach, social studies education can be an effective tool in preparing students to compete globally amid the complexity of the modern world.  

The purpose of this community service activity is to strengthen the concept of electrolysis for students of SMAN 1 Suwawa through interactive laboratory exercises, as well as to enhance students' understanding and practical skills related to the electrolysis process. The partners involved in this activity include the Principal, Chemistry Teacher, and all 12th-grade students of SMAN 1 Suwawa. The implementation method of the activity involves four main stages: a pre-test to measure initial understanding, providing material to reinforce the concept of electrolysis, conducting interactive laboratory exercises using electroplating tools, and a post-test to measure the improvement in students' understanding. The results of this activity show a significant improvement in the understanding of electrolysis concepts, with an N-Gain value of 76.8%, indicating the effectiveness of this method in improving students' learning outcomes. Based on these findings, it is recommended to continue applying interactive laboratory approaches in science education in secondary schools, as well as utilizing technology and interactive modules to support students' understanding of complex chemical concepts. Additionally, teacher training is also important to ensure the sustainability of effective laboratory-based learning.

The aim of this research is to determine the increase in interest in learning for fourth grade students in science subjects with the topic of discussing the characteristics of plants on Ceremai trees through the Quantum Teaching Learning Model at SDI Duarato for the 2024/2025 academic year. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects of this research were 15 grade IV students at SD Inpres Duarato, consisting of 8 male students and 7 female students. The object of this research is Natural Sciences (IPA) learning using the Quantum Teaching learning model. Based on research and data analysis, it can be concluded that the Quantum Teaching learning model can increase interest in learning science in class IV students at SD Inpres Duarato for the 2024/2025 academic year. This can be seen before implementing the Quantum Teaching learning model in science learning. Of the 15 students, 6 students (40%) completed it, and 9 students (60%) did not complete it. Furthermore, by applying the Quantum Teaching learning model, it was obtained that 9 students (60%) had completed their learning interest in cycle I, while 6 students (40%) had not completed it. In cycle II, 13 students (86.66%) completed it, and 2 students (13.33%) did not complete it. From the data above, there was an increase from the initial data, cycle I and cycle II.

This research aims to find out how much influence parenting patterns and the influence of the community environment have on the science learning outcomes of class V students at SDI Harekake, Malacca Regency. Data in the research were taken using questionnaires and tests. The questionnaire was divided into two groups, namely to reveal data on parenting patterns and the community environment. Test scores are used to reveal the science learning outcomes of fifth grade students at SDI Harekakae. The analysis technique used in hypothesis testing is a multiple linear analysis technique. The results of the research show that, there is no significant influence between parenting styles on the science learning outcomes of class V students at SDI Harekakae with a significance value of 0.1630 > 0.05. There is no significant influence between the community environment on the science learning outcomes of fifth grade students at SDI Harekakae. This is proven by the calculation results which show a significance value of 0.0826 > 0.05 and there is no significant influence between parenting style and the community environment on science learning outcomes. fifth grade student at SDI Harekakae. Because the significant value of parenting patterns and the community environment is greater than the Alpa Value.

This study aims to analyze the character of students in learning Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) at Elementary School 3 Kintamani. Character is an important aspect in the development of students, apart from academic knowledge. Character includes attitudes, behaviors, and values ​​that will shape individuals into good citizens. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to describe the condition of student character in IPAS learning. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that character development in IPAS learning at Elementary School 3 Kintamani went well, although there were several challenges such as the lack of active student involvement and the lack of variation in learning methods. Some of the dominant character values ​​identified were responsibility, cooperation, and concern for the environment. This study recommends that teachers develop more student-centered learning methods and increase practical activities that involve exploring the surrounding environment. science lessons. It can be concluded that the largest percentage value is in the analysis indicator which has a larger number than the number of other indicators, namely so that it can be interpreted that students are able and understand the material and form student characters who are more patient, aware, careful and critical and have a great curiosity.  

This study aims to analyze the challenges and solutions in integrating Tri Hita Karana into science learning (IPAS) at Sekolah Dasar Negeri (Public Elementary School) 2 Batur. Tri Hita Karana is a principle of life that emphasizes the balance between devotion to God, service to fellow humans, and fostering love for the environment and living beings around us. The results of this study indicate that students at SD Negeri 2 Batur have diverse backgrounds and understandings of spiritual and social values. The solution to overcome these challenges is to provide adequate training for teachers on how to integrate Tri Hita Karana into science learning (IPAS).

Research with the title Critical Thinking Ability of Class V Students in Social Science Learning at SD 2 BATUR. (Magdalena et al., 2021) This research aims to: Determine the critical thinking abilities of fifth grade students in learning science and science, identify factors that influence students' critical thinking abilities. and factors that influence the critical thinking abilities of class V students in science and science learning at SDN 2. This research will use a qualitative descriptive method. The subjects of this research are fifth grade students at SD 2 BATUR who are divided into three categories: High critical thinking ability, (Ilham & Hardiyanti, 2020) Medium critical thinking ability, Low critical thinking ability. Apart from these 3 categories, this research also uses Data collection techniques include observation, tests and interviews. The results of the research are 3 categories, including students with high critical thinking ability categories who can fulfill all critical thinking indicators. Students with moderate critical thinking ability categories are able to meet three indicators. Students with low critical thinking ability categories are only able to meet two indicators. This is also due to several factors that influence students' critical thinking ability, namely as follows: internal factors such as physical condition, anxiety, motivation, interaction and intellectual development and external factors related to outside individual in the form of a social environment.

This study explores the integration of Augmented Reality (AR) simulations in middle school science education, focusing on improving students’ conceptual understanding of complex topics such as metamorphosis. The research adopts an experimental design with a treatment group using AR simulations and a control group utilizing traditional teaching methods. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of AR in enhancing students' engagement, motivation, and understanding, as well as to evaluate the perceptions of both students and teachers regarding its use in the classroom. Data is collected through pre-tests and post-tests to measure conceptual understanding, along with perception questionnaires to gather feedback on the AR learning experience. The results of this study are expected to reveal that students in the AR treatment group will demonstrate greater improvements in their conceptual understanding compared to those in the control group. Additionally, it is anticipated that both students and teachers will report positive feedback on the use of AR, citing its interactive and immersive nature as a key factor in boosting motivation and engagement. The study also addresses challenges such as access to technology, cost, and the need for teacher training in effectively integrating AR into the curriculum. The findings suggest that AR can significantly enhance science learning outcomes, making complex concepts more accessible and engaging. The study concludes with recommendations for schools to adopt AR technology, ensure teacher training, and invest in the necessary resources to support AR integration in the classroom. By doing so, AR can play a pivotal role in improving middle school science education.

Application of the Problem Based Learning Model to Improve Student Learning Outcomes in Science Subjects in the Saenama VSDK Class for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. This researcher aims to improve student learning outcomes in science learning on Temperature and Heat material for class V SDK Saenama for the 2023/2024 Academic Year through the Problem Based Learning Model to Improve Student Learning Outcomes. This research is classroom action research. Which was carried out at SDK Saenama from 13 to 18 November 2023 with the research subjects being students in class V of SDK Saenama for the 2023/2024 academic year, consisting of 20 students. Data collection techniques were carried out using learning results and student observation sheets using the Problem Based Learning learning model as well as learning tools in the form of syllabi, lesson plans and worksheets. The research results show an increase in student learning outcomes. Student learning outcomes can improve from average. The results of the research carried out show an increase in each aspect that has been determined. In the first cycle the percentage of completeness was 25% in the not yet category and in the second cycle it increased to 95% in the very good category. From these results it can be concluded that the application of the Problem Based Learning model to improve student learning outcomes in science subjects in the VSDK Saenama class for the 2023/2024 academic year has increased.

IPAS is a subject that must be given to elementary school students. However, several studies show that elementary school students' learning outcomes in IPAS subjects are still low. This research aims to determine the effect of implementing the contextual teaching and learning model on IPAS. This research was carried out at SDN Pakis V in the 2024 academic year with a sample of class VC students. SDN Pakis V as many as 30 children. Data collection in this research used test techniques with questions in the form of descriptions. From this research, it was found that student learning results showed improvement after learning using the contextual teaching and learning model, with an average pre-test result of 70.86 while the post-test result was 85.56. The results of hypothesis testing with the t-test also show that there is a difference in the average test results before and after implementing the contextual teaching and learning model. With these results, the conclusion of this research is that the Contextual Teaching and Learning Model can improve students' IPAS outcomes in Class V at SDN Pakis V.

This research aims, the objectives of this research are as follows: (1) to find out how much influence the inside outside circle learning strategy has on the science learning outcomes of Class III at SD Negeri 101901 Lubuk Pakam, (2) to find out student learning outcomes on green plant material in science subjects for class III students at SD Negeri 101901 Lubuk Pakam This type of research uses a quasi-experimental quantitative approach. This research was conducted at SD Negeri 101901 Lubuk Pakam using two classes of 20 students each consisting of an experimental class and a control class. This research was conducted using pretest and posttest questions. The results of research carried out in the experimental class and control class show that the experimental class which used the inside outside circle learning strategy got the highest score, namely 92 and the control class which used the true or false strategy got the highest score of 88. So it can be seen how big the influence of the inside learning strategy is. outside circle on the results of class III science learning at SD Negeri 101901 Lubuk Pakam.

Science learning in elementary schools often faces challenges in improving students' learning outcomes, especially in the topic of energy transformation. This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students in science, particularly in the topic of energy transformation, through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. This research uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method which consists of two cycles, each lasting one meeting. The results of the observation show that in the first cycle, students were active in learning but there were still some students who needed further guidance. In the second cycle, learning ran more effectively with students who were more focused and there were no longer any problems when divided into groups. The PBL model with the support of Canva presentation media successfully increased students' academic achievement, indicating that the PBL model is effective in helping students learn. The results of this study indicate that the PBL model can improve students' understanding and achievement in the topic of energy transformation. Therefore, the problem-based learning (PBL) model with the support of Canva presentation media is one of the effective approaches to improve the understanding of fourth-grade students in the topic of energy transformation.

As time goes by, technology is developing very rapidly, especially in education, technology can be used to support learning. For example, at SDN 04 Sukoharjo, the author found a problem or obstacle that in science learning, photosynthesis material still uses the lecture method, using LKS books, so it is still monotonous, making students bored and not interested, because photosynthesis material is a biological process that cannot be seen directly. Therefore, researchers utilized technology, especially in multimedia, to create 2D animated learning videos of the photosynthesis process. The research method uses the ADDIE method, namely (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The final result of this research is a 2D animation learning video of the science lesson process of photosynthesis.    

Science learning is a boring lesson for students in some schools. There are several factors that cause students’ boredom in learning, one of the factors is because teachers at these schools are only fixated on books, so students become bored and this has an impact on their learning outcomes. The aim of this research is to develop science learning media using the Canva application to improve elementary school students’ learning outcomes. The method used in this research uses a systematic literature review where the results of the research are articles related to Canva learning media and active learning for elementary schools published between 2021-2024. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the use of the Canva application is very effective in improving elementary school students’ learning outcomes.

This research explores the integration of the Duano tribe's shellfish manongkah tradition into science education to develop culturally relevant learning modules. This research aims to address the gap between local wisdom and its application in science learning, increasing students' understanding and appreciation of their cultural heritage. A qualitative approach was used by conducting surveys and interviews with the Duano tribe community and distributing questionnaires to teachers and students in the Indragiri Hilir coastal area as many as 40 respondents. The findings in this research are that the shellfish Manongkah tradition can be integrated into learning. Furthermore, many teachers and students know about the Manongkah Shell tradition, have never carried out culture-based learning, there is a lack of teaching materials at school, and teachers lack understanding of culture-based learning. This research highlights the importance of contextual learning in preserving cultural traditions while providing practical solutions to today's educational challenges. In conclusion, to overcome this problem, it is necessary to develop a science learning module based on the Manongkah Shellfish tradition so that apart from overcoming this problem, it is hoped that it will be able to improve students' 21st century skills.