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Histology practicum, as one of the compulsory practicum courses, offers a great opportunity to practice various aspects of science process skills through microscopic tissue observation activities, identification of cell and tissue structures, and analysis of tissue functions in organisms. This study aims to analyze the science process skills biology education students through histology practicum activities. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with a survey method to analyze the science process skills of biology education students through histology practicum activities. Data collection in this study used three main techniques, namely science process skills tests, direct observation, and analysis of practicum report documents. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively using descriptive statistics to describe the profile of students' science process skills. Analysis per aspect revealed that students had good skills in the aspects of observing (78.50%), classifying (76.33%), interpreting data (71.67%), applying concepts (73.25%), and communicating results (73.40%), which indicates that histology practicum is effective in developing basic science process skills. However, the aspects of formulating hypotheses (58.17%) and planning experiments (54.83%) were still in the sufficient category, indicating that students experienced difficulties in integrated science process skills that require higher-order thinking skills. The findings this study provide important implications for the development of more comprehensive histology practicum learning strategies, including the integration of inquiry approaches, the use of continuous formative assessment, the application of differentiated learning, and strengthening the connection between theory and practice to optimize the development of all aspects of science process skills of prospective biology teachers.  

This research aims to normatively analyze the role and implementation of public participation in the legislative process, specifically concerning the formation of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) Law. Public participation is an essential principle in a democratic state, ensuring the legitimacy, transparency, and accountability of legal products. This normative review focuses on the legal framework governing community participation in law making, as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and related regulations. The analysis reveals a gap between the ideal normative principle of meaningful participation and the empirical practice in the legislation of the TNI Law. Legislative processes involving the defense and security sector are often overshadowed by issues of secrecy and limited information accessibility, thereby impeding substantial public participation. It is necessary to strengthen the regulatory framework and establish more open, inclusive, and continuous mechanisms to ensure that public aspirations and interests, including those of civil society groups and academics, are adequately considered at every stage of law formation, especially for strategic legislation like the TNI Law.

Penelitian ini membahas akibat hukum dari penggunaan kuasa jual yang dipalsukan dalam proses balik nama sertipikat hak atas tanah oleh pihak ketiga yang bekerja sama dengan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT), sebagaimana tercermin dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Barat Nomor 249/Pid.B/2022/PN.Jkt.Brt. Permasalahan utama yang dikaji adalah bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku pemalsuan kuasa jual, kedudukan hukum sertipikat yang telah dibalik nama berdasarkan kuasa palsu, serta perlindungan hukum bagi pemilik tanah yang dirugikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, dan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemalsuan kuasa jual untuk balik nama sertipikat merupakan tindak pidana yang menimbulkan konsekuensi hukum tidak hanya bagi pelaku utama, tetapi juga bagi PPAT yang lalai dalam menjalankan kewenangan jabatannya. Sertipikat yang telah dibalik nama berdasarkan akta palsu dapat dibatalkan demi hukum karena cacat administratif dan bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum. Pemilik berhak memperoleh perlindungan hukum berupa pemulihan hak atas tanah maupun ganti kerugian. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan kewenangan PPAT serta kehati-hatian dalam proses balik nama sertipikat untuk menjamin kepastian dan perlindungan hukum dalam bidang pertanahan.

Increasing in energy demand and limited fossil fuel reserves have driven the use of environmentally friendly alternative energy sources. This study aims to analyze the effect of pyrolysis temperature variations on the quality of biopellets made from bagasse and coffee husks. The materials were prepared in a 50:50 ratio with the addition of 15% tapioca flour as a binder. The pyrolysis process was carried out at temperatures of 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C for 120 minutes in oxygen-free conditions. The biochar resulting from pyrolysis was formed into biopellets, which were then tested for proximate composition, calorific value, and combustion rate. The results showed that an increase in pyrolysis temperature had a significant effect on the characteristics of the biopellets. A temperature of 550°C produced the lowest moisture content (8.436%), the highest fixed carbon content (62.191%), the highest calorific value (6293 cal/g), and the highest combustion rate (0.05789 g/sec). Conversely, ash content increased with rising temperature, while volatile matter content decreased. Thus, the best biopellets were obtained at a temperature of 550°C. This study confirms the potential of bagasse and coffee husks as raw materials for biopellets through pyrolysis temperature optimization to support the development of sustainable biomass energy.

In the era of globalization and digital transformation, organizations strive to maintain competitiveness through optimizing internal factors such as work culture, business process engineering (BPR), and decision support systems (DSS). This qualitative research based on a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) analyzes the relationship between these three using the Denison Organizational Culture Model, Hammer & Champy BPR, and the Resource-Based View (RBV). It finds that work culture mediates the implementation of BPR and DSS to increase efficiency by 30-50%, employee productivity, and sustainable competitive advantage. Case studies such as the Toyota Production System (TPS) confirm this synergy, resulting in reduced costs, cycle times, and improved service quality. This research also emphasizes the importance of a strong work culture in supporting the implementation of new technologies and methodologies, which in turn strengthens the company's market position. Thus, organizations that are able to integrate these three elements will be better prepared to face the challenges of globalization and dynamic changes in their industry, creating a sustainable advantage and being able to survive in a highly competitive market.

PT. Tirta Fresindo Jaya, specifically its Pasuruan plant as the producer of Pucuk Harum Tea beverage, requires a large supply of steam to support various production processes. This steam is used in the process of heating tea leaves, heating water through a heat exchanger, and heating chemicals and water in the cleaning in place (CIP) process. Steam pressure of 5 bar that is flowed to the process equipment will undergo condensation to produce condensate. To separate steam and condensate, steam traps are used, consisting of several types, namely mechanical, thermostatic, and thermodynamic. However, in operational practice, steam trap malfunctions often occur, either in the form of steam leaks that are wasted with condensate or failure to drain condensate from the system. This condition causes a decrease in the efficiency of the steam piping system and increases the workload of the boiler. As a result, fuel consumption and boiler feed water requirements become greater than ideal conditions. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the energy and operational losses caused by steam trap malfunctions, as well as evaluate their impact on boiler system performance and steam utilization efficiency at PT. Tirta Fresindo Jaya Pasuruan plant.      

Penelitian ini membahas kekuatan hukum akta perjanjian kerja sama yang dibuat di bawah tangan antara Rumah Sakit Bethesda Yogyakarta dan Yakes Telkom Area Jawa Tengah–DIY. Perjanjian ini menimbulkan persoalan hukum ketika terjadi wanprestasi berupa keterlambatan penagihan sebesar Rp5.962.000 pada periode Juni–Agustus 2023. Permasalahan yang dikaji meliputi: (1) kekuatan hukum akta bawah tangan dalam perspektif hukum perdata, (2) efektivitas pembuktian akta bawah tangan dibandingkan akta otentik serta implikasinya terhadap penyelesaian sengketa dan (3) perlindungan hukum bagi pihak yang dirugikan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Data diperoleh dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akta bawah tangan sah menurut Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata, namun memiliki kelemahan pembuktian karena mudah disangkal dan tidak memiliki kekuatan eksekutorial. Perlindungan hukum tetap tersedia bagi pihak yang dirugikan, tetapi prosesnya lebih kompleks di pengadilan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya penggunaan akta otentik melalui notaris agar perjanjian kerja sama memperoleh kekuatan pembuktian sempurna, kepastian hukum, serta perlindungan lebih kuat bagi para pihak

This study examines the video content production process at Digital Hub Sinar Mas Land as a visual communication strategy to support branding for a digital innovation area. The background of this research stems from the increasing need for organizations to produce creative and informative content as social media becomes a primary channel for information distribution. The study aims to describe the stages of pre-production, production, and post-production, and to identify challenges that affect the effectiveness of video content creation. A qualitative descriptive method was used through active participation, observation, interviews, and literature review. The findings show that concept planning, scriptwriting, and storyboard development form the foundation of successful production. The production stage emphasizes camera techniques, talent coordination, and visual consistency aligned with communication goals. The post-production stage focuses on technical editing to strengthen the audiovisual message structure and prepare content for publication. Key challenges were found in storyboard development, talent performance during filming, and audio processing that required detailed adjustments. The results highlight the importance of thorough planning and coordinated teamwork to ensure that video content effectively supports branding strategies.

Optimizing human resource (HR) performance through a business process reengineering (BPR) approach is a crucial strategy in a competitive and dynamic industrial environment. This study qualitatively examines through a literature review how BPRs radically redesign business processes to improve productivity, quality, time efficiency, and reduce operational costs, with a focus on HR aspects such as recruitment, training, performance appraisal, and career development. The BPR theory by Michael Hammer and James Champy emphasizes the principles of results-based workflow reorganization, the integration of information technology such as ERP and AI, and the empowerment of HR to eliminate task redundancy. In the Indonesian industrial context, the integration of BPR with digital transformation supports Industry 4.0, where HR acts as a catalyst for innovation through adaptive skills and cross-functional collaboration. The study results show that BPR implementation strategies including as-is process analysis, to-be design, change management, and continuous evaluation increase employee motivation, retention, and sustainable competitive advantage. Case studies such as PT Telkom Indonesia and PT Cahaya Mega Group demonstrate efficiency increases of up to 100%. This approach not only streamlines operations but also builds an organization resilient to market and technological disruption.

Indonesia’s civil dispute resolution system remains dominated by an adversarial litigation model that prioritizes legal certainty but often neglects the relational and emotional dimensions underlying conflicts. Yet, in many cases such as family, inheritance, or neighborhood disputes the restoration of social relationships is as crucial as formal legal resolution. This study explores the potential integration of restorative justice principles into Indonesia’s civil procedural law as an alternative approach centered on dialogue, accountability, and reconciliation. Employing a normative-juridical approach and qualitative analysis of primary and secondary legal sources, the research finds that restorative justice values align not only with Indonesia’s living law traditions such as musyawarah (deliberative consensus) and customary dispute resolution but also with existing provisions in civil procedure codes. Accordingly, the study proposes the Structured Restorative Mediation (SRM) Model, a procedural framework that embeds restorative principles into both court-annexed and community-based mediation. This model prioritizes relational healing while upholding legal certainty and procedural fairness. Its successful implementation requires regulatory support, enhanced mediator training, and institutional strengthening of community-based dispute resolution bodies. Thus, integrating restorative justice is not merely an innovation but a structural necessity for a more humane, inclusive, and holistically just legal system.

The implementation of the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) is essential for achieving efficient, transparent, and accountable village governance. Sido Rukun Village in Merangin Regency, Jambi Province, has begun using several government applications but lacks a structured enterprise architecture aligned with the national SPBE framework. This study aims to develop an enterprise architecture for SPBE in the business process domain at Sido Rukun Village. The research employs the TOGAF ADM (The Open Group Architecture Framework – Architecture Development Method) approach, involving stages such as identifying current business processes, designing a target architecture, and conducting a gap analysis between the as-is and to-be states. The findings include a business process architecture blueprint compliant with Presidential Regulation No. 95 of 2018 and Presidential Regulation No. 132 of 2022 on the National SPBE Architecture. This blueprint encompasses BPMN-based business process models and supporting artifacts that serve as a foundation for integrated information systems at the village level. The study’s implications are significant: it provides Sido Rukun Village with a practical and standardized technical blueprint for implementing a sustainable electronic-based government system, thereby supporting its transformation toward a Smart Village capable of adapting to evolving information and communication technology trends.

This research examines the implementation of the Deep Learning approach in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMAN 61 Jakarta and its contribution to the development of students' critical thinking skills. This study was conducted due to the need for a learning model that encourages students to understand religious concepts through active, reflective, and meaningful learning experiences. The purpose of this research is to describe the implementation of Deep Learning in PAI learning and its influence on the development of students' critical thinking skills. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive research design, using interviews, classroom observations, and documentation as data collection techniques. The findings indicate that the Deep Learning approach supports students in participating more actively in discussions, analyzing religious issues related to real-life situations, and constructing arguments based on their own understanding. Students also demonstrate improvement in evaluating information, considering diverse perspectives, and providing more reflective responses to classroom problems. The study further identifies several challenges, including limited digital facilities, varying levels of student participation, and teachers’ readiness in managing diverse learning strategies and media. These findings suggest that Deep Learning has strong potential to enhance students’ critical thinking skills when applied systematically and designed to foster active participation and meaningful exploration during the learning process.

Aktivitas ekonomi mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan transaksi antara entitas ekonomi, yang terkadang menyebabkan sengketa. Dalam konteks ekonomi syariah, sengketa muncul karena perselisihan antara pelaku ekonomi yang berbisnis berdasarkan hukum ekonomi syariah terkait hak atau kepentingan. Sengketa ini bisa diputus dengan instrumen hukum yang berbagai, baik litigasi di pengadilan agama maupun metode non-litigasi seperti negosiasi, mediasi, dan konsiliasi. Penyelesaian sengketa di pengadilan agama bertujuan agar terjaminlah keadilan dan keteguhan hukum sesuai prinsip syariah. Namun, dengan semakin meningkatnya tuntutan keadilan, penyelesaian sengketa melalui pengadilan relatif lama dan kurang efektif, maka alternatif penyelesaian di luar pengadilan semakin relevan. Negosiasi sebagai salah satu proses tawar-menawar dalam sengketa ekonomi syariah sangat memfokuskan pada persiapan dan komunikasi efektif kedua belah pihak. Salah satu penyebab sengketa ekonomi pada ekonomi syariah adalah wanprestasi dalam transaksi jual beli, terutama transaksi tanah. Oleh karena itu, regulasi ekonomi syariah yang mengatur prinsip keadilan dan keseimbangan hak dan kewajiban sangatlah perlu untuk menyelesaikan sengketa tersebut secara adil dan damai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali penerapan regulasi ekonomi syariah dalam penyelesaian sengketa wanprestasi, khususnya yang berhubungan dengan sengketa tanah, dengan mengidentifikasi metode penyelesaian sengketa yang sesuai dalam hukum Islam dan hukum positif Indonesia. Penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan wawasan mengenai relevansi dan penerapan hukum Islam dalam menyelesaikan sengketa ekonomi syariah, serta menyoroti pentingnya penyelesaian sengketa melalui metode yang mengedepankan keadilan dan perdamaian.

Perjanjian kredit antara lembaga perbankan dan pelaku usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) merupakan instrumen penting dalam mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi. Namun, dalam praktiknya, tidak jarang terjadi wanprestasi dari pihak debitur  yang  berdampak  pada  hubungan  hukum  dan keberlangsungan  usaha.  Penelitian  ini  bertujuan  untuk mengkaji: 1) bagaimana proses pengajuan dan pelaksanaan perjanjian kredit antara Bank BRI dan UMKM Konveksi Parasit di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta; 2) apa saja faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya wanprestasi oleh debitur; dan 3) bagaimana mekanisme penyelesaian wanprestasi yang dilakukan oleh pihak bank. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif yang didukung oleh data primer. Spesifikasi penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan jenis dan sumber data berupa data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi pustaka, serta data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pihak terkait. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif untuk menginterpretasikan norma hukum dan fakta empiris secara sistematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) proses pengajuan kredit dilakukan melalui prosedur formal dengan dokumen pendukung yang sah, dan dituangkan dalam Surat Pengakuan Hutang; 2) wanprestasi terjadi karena kombinasi faktor internal seperti pengelolaan usaha yang kurang optimal dan faktor eksternal seperti penurunan permintaan pasar; dan 3) penyelesaian wanprestasi dilakukan melalui eksekusi agunan, pelaporan ke otoritas keuangan, serta pendekatan persuasif seperti restrukturisasi kredit. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya edukasi hukum bagi pelaku UMKM dan penerapan prinsip keadilan dalam penyelesaian sengketa kredit.

Tanah adalah objek vital yang bernilai tinggi sehingga transaksi jual beli tanah menuntut kepastian hukum agar tidak menciptakan sengketa. Namun, praktik membeli atau menjual tanah secara tunai tanpa melalui PPAT dan tanpa memiliki sertifikat kepemilikan masih banyak terjadi, sehingga menimbulkan berbagai masalah terkait keabsahan dokumen, perlindungan hukum, serta risiko terjadinya sengketa. Latar belakang inilah yang melandasi penelitian dengan judul Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pembeli atas Tanah dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli: Studi Putusan Nomor 1990/K/PDT/2025. Penelitian ini ditulis guna menganalisis kekuatan hukum perjanjian jual beli tanah di bawah tangan dan menilai pertimbangan hakim dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada pembeli. Metode penelitian yakni yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasilnya ditemukan dalam Putusan Nomor 1990/K/PDT/2025, perjanjian yang telah dibuat oleh para pihak terkait jual beli tanah adalah sah dan bersifat mengikat. Para Tergugat dinyatakan wanprestasi atas mengurus penerbitan sertifikat pengganti maupun proses peralihan hak atas tanah. Selain itu, Majelis Hakim memerintahkan agar sertifikat pengganti segera diterbitkan, dilakukan pemecahan bidang tanah, dan dilaksanakan proses balik nama. Untuk menjamin kepastian pelaksanaan putusan, hakim memberikan kewenangan kepada pembeli untuk mengurus sendiri seluruh proses tersebut apabila penjual tetap lalai. Pertimbangan hukum ini mencerminkan sikap hakim yang berorientasi pada perlindungan hak pembeli beritikad baik sekaligus sebagai upaya menegakkan prinsip kepastian hukum dan rasa keadilan.

This study aims to analyze the bread production system of UMKM Roti D’One using the Input–Process–Output (IPO) approach and to identify product defects through the application of the Seven Tools of quality control. Data were obtained through interviews, field observations, and production recording. The IPO analysis shows that the production process is carried out manually and relies heavily on worker skills and household-scale equipment. Based on the checksheet, two dominant types of defects were identified—non-soft texture and uneven color—resulting in 30 defective products out of 1,400 breads produced in one week. The Pareto analysis indicates that texture defects contribute the largest portion (56.7%) of total defects. Meanwhile, the fishbone diagram reveals that the main causes originate from raw material inconsistency, equipment limitations, variations in worker skills, and manual production methods. This study suggests improvements related to raw material standards, production consistency, and worker training to reduce defects and enhance the overall quality of Roti D’One products.

There are plenty of useful activities that can be activated both by high school and higher education entities.  One of those activities is the tutorial program to introduce the higher education standard before a high school student picks their preferred program.  This program not only set to introduce the differences between higher education and high school standard but also to give plenty of chances.  Some of those chances are for higher education students to applied their experiences from the campus and for the alumni to go back into their past high school program.  The practiced of this activity run directly in Tarsisius II Catholic’s High School at Jakarta.  During the activity, the team that consists of higher education lecturer and students found out that there are significant gaps.  One of the most critical gap is to ensure the better two way communication in learning processes.  For this kind of thing, the lecturer and teams tried to not only see the paper result.  The adaptiveness from what they learn during the tutorial program is also important.  As a result, this tutorial work out successfully and could be implemented in several other tutorial program in other high schools.

There are plenty of useful activities that can be activated both by high school and higher education entities.  One of those activities is the tutorial program to introduce the higher education standard before a high school student picks their preferred program.  This program not only set to introduce the differences between higher education and high school standard but also to give plenty of chances.  Some of those chances are for higher education students to applied their experiences from the campus and for the alumni to go back into their past high school program.  The practiced of this activity run directly in Tarsisius II Catholic’s High School at Jakarta.  During the activity, the team that consists of higher education lecturer and students found out that there are significant gaps.  One of the most critical gap is to ensure the better two way communication in learning processes.  For this kind of thing, the lecturer and teams tried to not only see the paper result.  The adaptiveness from what they learn during the tutorial program is also important.  As a result, this tutorial work out successfully and could be implemented in several other tutorial program in other high schools.

Audit Keselamatan Jalan (AKJ) sangat penting dalam proses pembagunan jalan untuk meminimalisir kecelakaan di jalan raya. Dengan adanya perencanaan pembangunan dengan penerapan konsep infrastruktur jalan berkeselamatan yang optimal, diharapkan dapat meminimalisir angka kecelakaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sejauh mana pembangunan Jalan Lintas Selatan (JLS) Lot 3 Pantai Serang – Sumbersih, Kabupaten Blitar telah mengimplementasikan konsep infrastruktur jalan berkeselamatan berdasarkan standar yang berlaku. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap aspek geometrik jalan, perlengkapan jalan, dan bangunan pelengkap dengan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif melalui studi literatur dan analisis data terhadap standar yang berlaku. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar komponen telah memenuhi kriteria jalan berkeselamatan, namun masih terdapat kekurangan teknis yang perlu diperhatikan antara lain nilai kelandaian memanjang maksimum, pemenuhan panjang tanjakan kritis, pemenuhan pelebaran pada tikungan, serta beberapa elemen perlengkapan jalan seperti rambu dan pagar pengaman. Rekomendasi perbaikan diberikan untuk mengoptimalkan penerapan prinsip-prinsip jalan berkeselamatan yaitu self-explaining, self-enforcing, dan forgiving road. Penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi referensi bagi perencana dan pemerintah dalam meningkatkan keselamatan infrastruktur jalan di masa mendatang. 

Tingginya konsumsi makanan instan di kalangan anak-anak sekolah dasar telah menjadi perhatian penting karena potensi risiko kesehatan jangka panjangnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang karakter buku cerita bergambar interaktif sebagai media edukasi bagi anak-anak usia 9–12 tahun untuk memahami bahaya makanan instan dan mengembangkan kebiasaan makan yang sehat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode campuran yang dikombinasikan dengan metodologi desain, termasuk tinjauan pustaka, wawancara dengan guru, ahli gizi, dan ilustrator, dan kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 114 responden untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan pendidikan anak-anak dan preferensi visual. Proses desain melibatkan identifikasi masalah, pengembangan konsep, pembuatan prototipe, dan validasi melalui jajak pendapat audiens. Desain ini menampilkan karakter utama Lala, Lita, Ibu, dan Maskot Perut, dengan ilustrasi kartun digital berwarna cerah. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa karakter dan desain visual selaras dengan minat dan kebutuhan audiens target, menjadikan media ini efektif dalam menyampaikan pesan edukasi dengan cara yang menarik sekaligus memotivasi anak-anak untuk memahami risiko makanan instan.