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The development of built-up land in Tanjungpinang City has demonstrated rapid spatial dynamics, in line with the increasing intensity of urban activities since its designation as the capital of Riau Islands Province in 2002. This study aims to analyze the changes in built-up land in Tanjungpinang City over the period 2003 to 2023 and to identify the key factors driving this transformation. The research employed spatial analysis based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), utilizing satellite imagery maps from the years 2003, 2013, and 2023. The findings indicate that built-up land expanded from 1,133.91 hectares (8%) in 2003 to 3,848.67 hectares (26%) in 2023, with the predominant direction of expansion occurring toward the eastern and southern parts of the city. The primary factors contributing to this growth include population increase, the development of new activity centers such as Pulau Dompak, and the construction of major infrastructure, notably the development of DI Panjaitan streets. These results suggest a growing tendency toward urban sprawl in the physical development of Tanjungpinang City, thus requiring adaptive and sustainable spatial planning strategies.

Odot grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) is widely recognized as a high-yielding and nutrient-rich forage crop, making it suitable for feeding ruminant animals. This study investigates how varying levels of weed density affect the growth performance and fresh forage yield of odot grass. The experimental design employed was a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four weed density treatments (0%, 35%, 70%, and 100%) and six replications for each treatment. Growth indicators measured included plant height, number of tillers, stem thickness, and total fresh biomass production. The results showed that weed density significantly influenced all measured parameters (p < 0.05). The absence of weeds yielded the highest forage production (19.32 tons per hectare), whereas full weed coverage (100%) led to a substantial reduction in yield by 15.53%. A strong inverse correlation was observed between weed density and forage yield, with a correlation coefficient of r = –0.97. These findings suggest that higher weed densities substantially hinder both the vegetative growth and biomass output of odot grass. Nevertheless, a moderate weed presence (35%) did not cause a statistically significant decrease in productivity, indicating a potential threshold for acceptable weed competition.

Currently, the world is facing Global Warning Phenomena, El Nino and La Nina, each of these natural phenomena makes above-average rainfall at a time and place and an area, especially impacting large cities that are passed through by water due to high rainfall. With inadequate city channels to accommodate rainwater flow, it results in, among other things, high floods, landslides due to the soil no longer being able to accommodate high rainfall, high Rob floods due to seawater overflowing into coastal areas of the city. Based on the disaster data due to high rainfall, Research, Handling and Mitigation Planning is needed with the aim of obtaining data for drainage design. The study is the observation of rainfall for 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, and 20 years, so that by calculating the intensity of rain using the Gumbel and Pearson III Log distribution methods, accurate data is obtained to determine the drainage dimensions that must be made in a city and the dimensions of retaining walls along the coast to overcome storm disasters in coastal areas or big cities.

This study critically examines the construction and reproduction of authenticity norms and buffer standards in Indonesian TikTok users’ communication practices. Employing Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework, the research explores how digital expressions—through captions, comments, and hashtags—reflect power relations, algorithmic logic, and social norms that operate subtly yet effectively. An analysis of five popular TikTok contents reveals that so-called “authentic” expression is not spontaneous honesty but rather a curated and performative construct aligned with algorithmic expectations and community aesthetics. The concept of the buffer standard refers to implicit symbolic boundaries that define which expressions are “acceptable” and which risk social or systemic rejection. The study concludes that freedom of expression in digital spaces like TikTok is always a product of negotiation between user agency, algorithmic pressure, cultural norms, and the commodification of identity.  

Advances in technology and computers are utilized in various fields of contemporary applications, especially in cryptography and data security in graph theory applications. By understanding the concepts of graph theory, researchers and developers can design cryptographic algorithms that are stronger, more efficient and resistant to attacks. One of the cryptographic applications that has been implemented is the XNOR algorithm. This algorithm has been applied to encryption and decryption as well as the use of stream ciphers. By using 64 bits, the XNOR algorithm can expand encryption and decryption capabilities and increase the security of encrypted data. In this research, an analysis was carried out regarding information encryption and decryption algorithms with the application and development of the XNOR gate logic circuit method in Boolean algebra and graph theory. This research uses the example of the word MATH, which can be changed into a code or password and vice versa to secure information that you want to keep secret. Apart from that, an analysis of the graph formation of each character in the word MATH was also carried out using Python which produced semi-Euler and Hamilton graphs  

The rapid development of technology requires education to adapt to more interactive learning innovations. One manifestation of this is the availability of various digital learning tools, including electronic learner worksheets (E-LKPD) based on Liveworksheet. However, many teachers have not optimized this interactive media, resulting in a lack of interactivity in learning. This study takes a research and development approach with the 4D development model: defining, designing, developing and disseminating. The aim is to identify the development procedure, feasibility, and practicality of electronic LKPD based on Liveworksheet. Research data were obtained through validation sheets from experts, as well as teacher and student response questionnaires in small and large group trials. The validation results showed a very high level of feasibility. Material validation reached 97%, media validation 97%, and language validation 93%, all in the “very feasible” category. Meanwhile, the level of practicality was also very satisfactory. Teacher responses reached 93.3%, indicating that they considered this media to be very practical. Similarly, students' responses; the small group trial obtained 96.3%, and the large group trial obtained 94.2%. Based on the results of the teacher and student response questionnaires, it can be concluded that the Liveworksheet-based electronic LKPD is very practical to be implemented in the learning process.

Generation Z consists of people born from 1995 to 2010. This generation has been familiar with technology since childhood. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between transformational leadership style and characteristics of generation Z employee members. This study uses a systematic literature review to identify and analyze the transformational leadership style on the characteristics of generation Z employee members, so that it can be used as a reference for future research and to help organizations understand better what they are doing. The results show that there is a match between transformational leadership style and the characteristics of generation z who value flexibility, collaboration, and innovation, often preferring workspaces that allow social interaction. Transformational leadership style is beneficial to improve the spirit, performance and participation of generation Z in public, business and social organizations.

This research aims to improve early childhood language skills, especially early childhood through ROBUKU game media at Kindergarten Dharma Wanita 2 Mojorembun. This research is a classroom action research. The subjects of this study are 15 children, consisting of 7 boys and 8 girls aged 5-6 years. The data collection technique uses quantitative descriptive techniques. The results of the study showed that there was an improvement in the language skills of Early Childhood aged 5-6 years through the media of ROBUKU games. It can be explained that language skills in children at Dharma Wanita 2 Mojorembun Kindergarten are children's ability to arrange letters into a word, convey information that children know in spoken language and read syllables, namely, 12 out of 15 or 80% of children are at Very Good Development ability while there are 3 children or 20% of children are found to be Undeveloped,  Most of the children showed good mastery of language skills as measured through the application of this ROBUKU game media.

This community service article aims to escalate Gen Z's understanding of sexual violence, which continues to show a concerning trend in case numbers, thereby hindering the nation's aspirations towards a civil society. The cause of the high trend in sexual violence is that victims do not yet understand the content of the TPKS Law; the reporting mechanism and the legal process in court. Considering that the effectiveness of the law cannot be sufficiently realized through adequate content and means (legal substance-legal structure), efforts are needed through the work of other variables, such as community involvement (legal culture), which in this service activity is carried out and participated in by students from SMA Negeri 1 Wangon. The method used in this program is lectures and interactive discussions. The result of this program is a comprehensive understanding of the TPKS Law, which is then followed by building a commitment to combat sexual violence through daily campaigns, both in the form of preventive and repressive actions carried out in social-community environments and on social media. So that the aspiration for the formation of a civil society can be realized.

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and social media has significantly influenced the dynamics of societal life, including women. Social media offers a space for the empowerment of women, but at the same time, it also presents various risks such as privacy violations, digital violence, and misuse of personal data. This community service activity aims to strengthen digital literacy among women, particularly in raising awareness of digital risks, protecting digital rights, and promoting safe and responsible social media use. The implementation methods of the activities include outreach in the form of workshops, discussion forums, and case simulations. The results of the activities indicate that there has been an increase in participants' knowledge about privacy in the digital world, forms of gender-based violence in the online realm, and strategies for preventing digital risks. This program is expected to serve as a model for empowering women through the enhancement of digital literacy in responding to the challenges of an increasingly digitalized era.

This study aims to identify forms of juvenile delinquency, the role of education in addressing it, and the challenges faced at SMP Negeri 3 Gunungsitoli. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method using interviews with the school principal, guidance counselors, homeroom teachers, and students as informants. The results of the study indicate that common forms of juvenile delinquency at the school include truancy, tardiness, bringing cell phones to class, using coarse language, dating on school grounds, and violating school rules. The school plays a crucial role in addressing delinquency through counseling approaches, moral guidance, positive activities, and collaboration with parents. However, challenges include insufficient family support, limited guidance counselor staff, and low student openness. Therefore, collaboration between schools, families, and the community is essential in fostering positive character development among adolescents.

This research aims to analyze the influence and impact of the use of digital technology on cognitive development in underage children. This research also explains how important the role of parents is in supervising and accompanying children's growth and development. With research conducted regarding the influence and impact of the use of digital technology on cognitive development in children, it highlights the role of parents which greatly influences the impact on children, and the result is that children master technology better than their parents, the information obtained by the child is faster, but the habit of excessive use of technology actually has a negative impact on children's social skills and emotional control. the importance of well-structured use of technology and parental supervision of children's cognitive development.

This community service activity aims to enhance the understanding and capacity of the Village Governments and Village Consultative Bodies (BPD) of Wonreli, Abusur, Lebelau, and Oirata in the process of formulating Village Regulations (Peraturan Desa or Perdes) that are aligned with legal principles and applicable statutory provisions. The socialization was motivated by the generally low level of understanding regarding both the procedures and substance of Perdes formulation, which has led to weak regulatory quality at the village level. The methods employed in this activity included lectures, interactive discussions, and simulations of Perdes drafting, all of which referred to Law Number 12 of 2011 on the Formation of Legislation. The results of the activity indicated a significant increase in legal awareness and participants’ understanding of the importance of legality, participation, and transparency in the village legislative process. This activity also succeeded in encouraging local initiatives to formulate village regulations that are more responsive, accountable, and tailored to the real needs of the local community. Therefore, this socialization made a tangible contribution to strengthening democratic and law-based village governance.

This research aims to see a picture of the correlation between emotional inntelligance and academic buoyancy in high school students in Pasaman Regency. This type of research uses quantitative correlational research methods. The research subject were 341 people obtained through propotional stratified random sampling teschniques. The data collection tool uses an emotional resilience scale consisting of 32 items with a reliability value of 0.872 and an emotional intelligence scale consisting of 30 items with a reliability valie oof 0.807. The data processed using the Spearmen Rho correlation statistical technique. Based on research result with an r value of 0.930 with p=0.001 (p<0.01), it shiws that there is a very significant positive relathionship between emotional intelligence and academic striving for students in Pasaman Regency. This shows that the higher the emotional intelligence, the higher the fighting power of students in Pasaman Regency.

Slum areas in Pekanbaru City are being addressed by the local government, including the Meranti Pandak Sub-district. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Meranti Pandak Sub-district government in maintaining environmental cleanliness in slum areas and to identify the inhibiting factors affecting its effectiveness (Case Study: Slum Area in Meranti Pandak Sub-district, Pekanbaru City). Environmental issues in this area are of major concern due to their impact on public health and quality of life. The study applies Duncan’s theory (as cited in Nurmalasari & Supriyadi, 2021), which highlights three indicators: goal achievement, integration, and adaptation. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that the sub-district government's efforts have not been fully effective. This is evident from poorly targeted programs, unequal service distribution among residents, low community participation, and weak monitoring and evaluation by the local authorities. Additional obstacles include unresolved waste management issues, limited budget, and non-permanent building structures. To improve effectiveness, the study recommends more focused program planning, sustainable community empowerment, and enhanced cross-sectoral coordination.

This study aims to analyze linguistic errors in Instagram captions from personal, business, and public figure accounts. Data collection was carried out by taking screenshots of accounts with erroneous captions. The analysis focused on identifying errors in the use of spelling, hyphens, capitalization, and word choice. The research found 10 data points with numerous errors in captions created by personal, business, and public figure accounts. These errors are presented with corrected sentences or appropriate phrasing to ensure captions are not only visually appealing but also clear, easy to understand, and effective in conveying messages.  

This study discusses the character of Acha in the novel Mariposa by Luluk HF using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach. Acha is described as a teenager who is persistent in pursuing love, but has a complex inner conflict. This study was conducted because psychological issues, especially in teenagers, are very relevant in modern life. The method used is a qualitative-descriptive approach with Freud's structural analysis of personality, namely id, ego, and superego. In this study, Acha shows the dominance of the id when expressing love impulsively, the ego when adjusting to the bitter reality, and the superego when choosing honesty even though it is painful. The presence of supporting characters also strengthens Acha's psychological dynamics in the story. The results of the study show that Acha's internal conflict is a reflection of the struggle between desire, reality, and morality, and describes the process of maturing teenage characters. This study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of psychological dynamics in literary works and their relevance to the lives of teenagers today.

Mastery of the concept of multiplication is a fundamental ability that needs to be mastered by primary school students as a foundation for learning further mathematical material. Unfortunately, many learners have difficulty in understanding multiplication thoroughly, both due to the abstract nature of the material and the lack of varied teaching methods. One of the main challenges is the decreased motivation to learn when facing multiplication topics that are considered complicated and boring. This programme introduces the lattice method as an alternative to learning multiplication at the primary level. This visual technique breaks down the multiplication process into structured steps that are easier to understand. The activity involved grade IV students and mathematics teachers at SDN 31 Jati Tanah Tinggi Padang as an effort to innovate numeracy learning. Implementation included socialisation, training, practice, and collaborative evaluation between teachers and students. Assessment instruments included learning interest questionnaire, comprehension test, observation sheet, and group discussion. As a result, the lattice method was proven to improve not only comprehension but also students' participation, confidence, and enthusiasm. Thus, this approach can be a solution to create more interesting and effective learning.

Practical Lectures and Community Service (KPPM) is a form of student service required by IAKN Tarutung, which is carried out in semester VI and lasts for three months. This program aims to improve community welfare and make the nation's life smarter through social activities that use science and technology. In pasaribu Village, doloksanggul District, KPPM activities are carried out with the aim of increasing children's learning motivation through private tutoring programs, encouraging a spirit of mutual cooperation with the community, and holding healthy exercise with PKK mothers. The research method used involved two main stages: initial observation to identify educational problems in schools, and implementation of a free private tutoring program every Friday for 60 minutes for elementary school children. Apart from that, mutual cooperation activities and healthy exercise with PKK mothers were carried out as part of efforts to improve community welfare and health.The results of KPPM activities show that private tutoring has succeeded in increasing children's interest and motivation in learning in pasaribu Village. An interactive learning approach adapted to school subjects helps children understand the material more easily. Mutual cooperation carried out with the community shows an increase in togetherness and citizen participation in social activities. Meanwhile, regularly held healthy exercise improves the fitness and health of PKK women, as well as strengthening social relations between them. The conclusion of this activity emphasizes the important role of students in serving society through education, health and other social activities. The KPPM program in pasaribu Village has succeeded in creating positive change by involving all levels of society in a joint effort to improve welfare and education.

This study discusses the importance of creating a logo as a visual identity for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in increasing consumer appeal. A strong visual identity can strengthen brand image and differentiate MSME products from their competitors. Through a graphic design and visual communication approach, the logo is designed based on business characteristics and target market preferences. The results of the study show that a strategically designed logo can increase consumer trust, strengthen brand image, and provide added value to the product. Creating a logo as a visual identity has proven to be an effective step in supporting MSME marketing in a more professional and attractive way.