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Physiological quality deterioration during storage is a major factor contributing to the reduced germination capacity of rice seeds. Revitalization treatments are therefore essential to restore seed viability and promote optimal seedling development. One promising approach involves the application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) from the polyamine group, such as putrescine. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of varying concentrations and soaking durations of putrescine in improving the viability of deteriorated rice seeds. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors: putrescine concentrations (0 ppm/ soaking in distilled water only, putrescine 15 ppm, putrescine 20 ppm, and putrescine 25 ppm) and soaking durations (3, 6, and 9 hours). The parameters evaluated included germination percentage and germination rate. Results indicated that treatment with 20 ppm putrescine combined with a 6-hour soaking period yielded the most significant improvement in seed viability. These findings suggest that putrescine treatment can effectively restore the physiological quality of rice seeds affected by storage-induced deterioration.

Wasted food is a global issue that has been around for a long time but has become increasingly serious without realizing it. The resulting impacts negatively affect many sectors, such as the environment, economy and social. Food waste can reduce farmers' income and increase consumer spending. Households can be said to be the biggest contributors to food waste because apart from daily consumption activities, the most dominant livelihood system of the people in Teriak sub-district is farming. The characteristics of farming households that play a major role in meeting household food needs are the socio-economic conditions of farmers, because it can describe the capacity of farmers in meeting their food needs, research was conducted on the causes of food waste behavior by farming households, especially Teriak District. This research aims to determine household consumption behavior towards the emergence of food waste and identify the influence of socio-demographic and socio-economic factors on food waste behavior by households in Teriak District, Bengkayang Regency. The research method used in this research is descriptive statistics with 100 sample respondents representing households. The variables in this study are divided into two, namely socio-demographics and household behavior. The research results show that the behavior of farming households is influenced by socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of respondents such as age, length of education, number of family members, income and expenses. Food waste behavior includes several aspects such as the social environment, purchasing, storage, processing and consumption.

The role of the principal in educational management has undergone significant changes in line with the dynamics of 21st-century needs. Demands for improved learning quality have led to the emergence of a new paradigm that positions the principal not merely as an administrative leader but as a learning leader capable of facilitating a culture of continuous learning within the school environment. This study aims to reflect on and reformulate the principal's strategic role through the integration of two leadership approaches: instructional leadership, which emphasizes strengthening the learning process, and transformational leadership, which focuses on vision, motivation, and empowerment of all school members. The method used is a literature review of 26 national and international scientific articles published in the last ten years. The results of the study indicate that the synthesis of these two leadership models strengthens the principal's capacity to create a collaborative, adaptive school climate oriented toward continuous improvement of educational quality. This research is expected to serve as a conceptual foundation for future school leadership development policies and practices.

Craft is an industry based on culture and local wisdom. The ability or skill of a person in making crafts is obtained through life experience and the influence of local culture so that it forms as tacit knowledge. In knowledge management, the SECI model is applied in an organization to encourage innovation and accelerate knowledge transfer. The purpose of this study is to photograph the phenomenon of the application of knowledge management in the BBSPJIKB craft team. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive, through a knowledge management questionnaire in the Master of Management program lecture module at Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University Yogyakarta, which was tested for validity and reliability. The results showed that the results of the questionnaire study were quite valid with only 1 invalid question out of a total of 16 questions. From the results of the reliability test, it can be concluded that the questionnaire instrument is very reliable because the alpha value is 0.95, far above the minimum standard of 0.7. All questions have good internal consistency. So this questionnaire can be trusted and relied on for decision making or further research. The results of the study concluded that the implementation of knowledge management in the BBSPJIKB Craft Team was quite good, especially in terms of the culture of sharing and active learning. However, the empowerment of digital platforms and reward programs for innovation need to be improved.

This study looks into how brand experience, brand ambassadors, and brand image influence brand loyalty for Scarlett Whitening products in Kendal Regency. A total of 100 people who use Scarlett Whitening were included in the study. Information was gathered using an online survey on Google Forms. The data was analyzed using multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS 26 software, and responses were measured on a Likert scale. The findings show that brand experience, brand ambassadors, and brand image all have a strong and positive effect on brand loyalty for Scarlett Whitening in Kendal Regency. This is shown by the calculated F value of 99. 805, which is higher than the F table value of 2. 70, and a significance level of 0. 000.

The ability to read with comprehension is a fundamental skill that is very crucial for children in elementary school. However, many students face challenges due to lack of interest in reading and teaching methods that feel monotonous. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how effective comic media is in improving students' reading comprehension. Using a literature review approach through a qualitative descriptive method, this study explores relevant literature on comic media, educational theory, and reading ability. The findings of the study indicate that comics, which combine text elements with visuals, can attract students' attention, make it easier for them to understand reading, and create a fun and interactive learning atmosphere. In addition, comics are also in accordance with the characteristics of elementary school children who tend to have visual interests and require relevant learning media. With the right usage strategy, comic media can function as an innovative alternative in teaching Indonesian to improve students' literacy skills from the start.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) method in improving the reading comprehension skills of grade III elementary school students. The background of this study is the low reading comprehension skills of students who are still dominated by conventional learning methods. This study uses a library research approach with a qualitative descriptive method. Data were obtained from various scientific literature such as journals, books, research reports, and other scientific works relevant to the topic. The analysis was carried out using content analysis techniques to identify the main findings related to the application of the CIRC method. The results of the study show that the CIRC method can significantly improve students' reading comprehension skills. This method emphasizes group work, active discussion, summary preparation, and writing skills, which in an integrated manner encourage students' active involvement and strengthen their understanding of the contents of the reading. In addition to improving reading comprehension, this method also develops students' critical thinking skills, social skills, and self-confidence. However, in its implementation, challenges such as time management, group dynamics, and teacher readiness are important factors that need to be considered. In conclusion, the CIRC method is an effective and applicable learning strategy to improve reading comprehension skills in elementary schools, with the note that the implementation must be carefully designed and supported by a conducive learning environment.

This study aims to determine the relationship between individual and environmental factors with the level of eye fatigue in employees. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 60 respondents were selected using total sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the chi-square test. The variables assessed included age, gender, history of visual impairment, duration of screen use, and lighting intensity in the workplace. The results showed that only gender had a statistically significant association with eyestrain (p = 0.034). Other variables-age (p = 0.859), history of visual impairment (p = 0.482), duration of screen use (p = 0.764), and lighting intensity (p = 0.158)-had no significant association. Most respondents (71.7%) experienced moderate levels of eyestrain. Gender was the only factor significantly associated with eyestrain in administrative workers. While other variables did not show a significant relationship, they are still relevant in the effort to maintain eye health in the workplace.

Pernikahan dini yang berkembang dikalangan masyarakat Indonesia, dipandang sebagai sebuah komitmen untuk mengikat dua insan lawan jenis yang masih remaja dalam suatu ikatan keluarga. Usia remaja perempuan yang melakukan pernikahan dini diusia muda adalah mereka yang berusia dibawah umur-20 tahun yang melakukan pernikahan dini.           Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan data primer yang ditinjau langsung yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri tentang tantang dampak pernikahan dini pada kesehatan reproduksi di Dusun VI desa Telaga Sari Tahun 2023 populasi penelitian ini seluruh remaja putri di Dusun Telaga Sari. Seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel sebanyak 30 orang. Dari hasil penelitian mengenai Tingkat Pengetahuan Remaja Putri Tentang dampak Pernikahan Dini diperoleh berdasarkan umur, mayoritas umur 16-18 tahun sebanyak 19 orang (63%) dan minoritas umur 19-20 tahun sebanyak 2 orang (7%), berdasarkan pendididkan mayoritas berpendidikan SMA sebanyak 19 orang (63%) dan minoritas berpendidikan SD sebanyak 1 orang (3%), berdasarkan sumber informasi mayoritas pada kelompok tenaga kesehatan sebanyak 13 orang (43%) dan minoritas pada media cetak sebanyak 3 orang (10%), dan  mayoritas berpengetahuan cukup sebanyak 18 orang (60%) dan minoritas berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 5 orang (17%). Diharapkan kepada seluruh remaja putri agar lebih meningkatkan pengetahuannya untuk mencegah terjadinya pernikahan dini dan untuk mengetahui dampak dalam pernikahan dini, hal ini bertujuan untuk menghindari remaja putri dari dampak melakukan pernikahan dibawah umur dan mengurangi resiko dalam resiko kesehatan reproduksi.

Nyeri punggung bawah (low back pain) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan muskuloskeletal yang sering terjadi di masyarakat, terutama pada kelompok usia produktif dan lanjut usia. Di Desa Tanjung Anom, kasus nyeri punggung bawah cukup tinggi akibat gaya hidup tidak aktif, posisi kerja yang salah, serta kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai pencegahan dan penanganan mandiri. Kegiatan edukasi ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam mengelola nyeri punggung bawah melalui pendekatan self-care management. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah edukasi interaktif, demonstrasi latihan peregangan dan penguatan otot, serta pembagian leaflet sebagai media informasi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan peserta sebesar 85% dan kemampuan praktik mandiri sebesar 75% dalam melakukan teknik self-care, seperti senam punggung, teknik relaksasi, dan ergonomi sederhana dalam aktivitas sehari-hari. Edukasi self-care management terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kapasitas masyarakat Desa Tanjung Anom untuk mencegah dan mengatasi nyeri punggung bawah secara mandiri dan berkelanjutan. Diharapkan kegiatan ini dapat menjadi model intervensi promotif-preventif yang dapat direplikasi di desa lain dengan masalah serupa.

Dalam rangka menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian bayi, Dari data WHO tahun 2019 memperkirakan 85,5% bayi per 1000 kelahiran hidup (Under Five Mortality), ibu yang mempunyai bayi tidak melakukan pijat pada bayinya tiap tahunnya, sedangkan bayi yang dipijat tiap tahunnya hanya 14,5%. Pijat bayi adalah memberikan sentuhan pada tubuh bayi yang bermanfaat untuk menstimulasi tumbuh kembang bayi dan sebagai salah satu cara untuk mengungkapkan kasih sayang orangtua terhadap bayinya. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskritif dengan menggunakan kuesinior yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui Gambaran pengetahuan ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 0-12 bulan tentang pijat bayi dan populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu bayi yang ada di Dusun IV Desa Serbajadi  Tahun 2022 dengan menggunakan Total sampling sebanyak 40 orang. Dengan menggunakan 20 pertanyaan hasil penelitian didapatkan 40 responden, bahwa responden dengan kategori baik hasil penelitian yang ditemukan bahwa gambaran pengetahuan ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 0-12 bulan tentang pijat bayi berpengetahuan kurang, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya pengetahuan ibu tentang pijat bayi sebanyak 93% sedangkan ibu yang pengetahuan baik sebanyak 7%. Dari hasil penelitian ini diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan khususnya bidan di Dusun IV desa Serbajadi agar lebih lagi ditingkatkan pengetahuan tentang Pijat bayi sehingga bertujuan untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang baik dan terampil.

Menurut  WHO (World Health Organization), 8-9 % wanita akan mengalami kanker payudara. Kanker payudara dapat ditemukan pada tahap awal dengan cara deteksi dini Pemeriksaan payudara sendiri (SADARI). Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan cermin dan dilakukan oleh wanita. Cara ini murah, aman, dapat di ulang dan sederhana, namun dalam kenyataaan baru sedikit wanita yang memakai cara ini yaitu 15-30%. Berdasarkan survey awal yang telah Penelitilakukan di SMA Etislandia Medan dari hasil Kuesioner yang diberikan kepada 30 orang Remaja putri dari kelas X dan XI didapatkan RemajaPutri yang mengetahui tentang SADARI (Periksa payudara sendiri) dan yang  sudah melakukan SADARI hanya 16 orang sedangkan yang belum melakukan SADARI sebanyak 14 orang. Hal ini disebabkan karena masih rendahnya kesadarandan rasa peduli wanita terhadap kesehatan payudaranya. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dan menggunakan data primer tujuannya untuk mengetahui Bagaimanakah Tingkat Pengetahuan Remaja Putri tentang SADARI (Periksa payudara sendiri) pada 30 remajaputri di SMA Etislandia Medan PeriodeMaret-Juli 2022.Dengan menggunakan 20 pertanyaan hasil Penelitiandidapatkan 30 Responden bahwa responden dengan kategori baik sebanyak 16 orang (53,3%), pengetahuan cukup 4 orang (13,3%), dan berpengetahuan kurang sebanyak 10 orang (33,3 %).Disarankan pada Remaja Putri agar lebih memperluas pengetahuan tentang SADARI (Periksa payudara sendiri) dengan cara bertanya langsung kepada petugas kesehatan atau pun mencari informasi melalui media cetak, media elektronik baik televisi, radio atau internet.

Di Indonesia, menurut data Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BBKBN) 2015, menunjukkan 51 % remaja di Jabotabek telah melakukan seks di luar nikah telah dilakukan sejumlah remaja usia sekolah. Dan semua sampel penelitian menunjukkan 85 % remaja melakukan mastrubasi sebagai rutinitas kesehariannya. Hal i i juga menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan seks di sekolah, di terima baik hanya 7 % dan 93 % masih menganggap hal ini tabu untuk membicarakan tentang sex buat anak – anak mereka.Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dan menggunakan data primer tujuannya untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri terhadap sex education pada 40 remaja putri di SMP Etislandia Medan Periode Maret – April 2020. Dengan menggunakan 20 pertanyaan hasil penelitian didapat 40 responden bahwa responden dengan kategori baik sebanyak 10 orang ( 25 % ), pengetahuan cukup 18 orang ( 45 % ), berpengetahuan kurang 8 orang ( 20 % ) dan berpengetahuan buruk 4 ( 10 % ) .Disarankan pada remaja putri agar mencari informasi mengenai pengetahuan terhadap sex education kepada petugas agar lebih meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan dan memberikan penyuluhan tentang sex education.  

This study aims to systematically examine how daily routines in elementary school environments play a role in increasing children's independence. Independence is an important skill that needs to be developed early on, including personal responsibility, initiative, and self-discipline. The methodology used in this study is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach, in which the author synthesizes various journals, books, and relevant previous research results. The results of the study indicate that various forms of daily routines such as class duty, guarding personal belongings, morning prayers, and managing break times play a significant role in forming independent behavior in children. The mechanisms that occur in this process include habituation, repetition, consistency, and positive reinforcement that encourages the internalization of independence values. In addition, the role of teachers as facilitators, models, and feedback providers has proven to be a key factor in success, accompanied by the support of an orderly and structured school environment. The conclusion of this study confirms that daily routines are not just technical activities, but are an effective medium in character education that has a direct impact on the formation of children's independence. Collaboration between schools and families is an important aspect in optimizing the results of this habituation.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the demonstration method in improving the understanding of the concept of force in grade 1 elementary school students. The approach used is a literature study by reviewing various current scientific sources from 2021 to 2025. The results of the study show that the demonstration method is able to transform abstract concepts into concrete experiences that are easy for students to understand. Through demonstrations, students can see firsthand the application of force in everyday life, making it easier to understand. This method also increases students' active involvement, trains observation skills, and supports visual and kinesthetic learning styles. In its implementation, the success of the demonstration method is largely determined by the readiness of the teacher, the use of simple language, a variety of teaching aids, and repetition of activities to strengthen memory. Common obstacles faced include limited tools, time, and teacher skills in designing effective demonstrations. Therefore, school support and collaboration between teachers are key to optimizing the implementation of this method. In conclusion, the demonstration method is an effective learning strategy to improve the understanding of the concept of force, because it is in accordance with the cognitive development stage of early elementary school students who are in the concrete operational phase.   Keywords: demonstration method, concept of force, elementary school students, science learning, concrete activities  

This study aims to examine the optimization of the field trip method in improving elementary school students' understanding of social and cultural diversity. The background of this study is based on the need for a learning approach that is not only informative, but also contextual and participatory, considering the importance of instilling the values ​​of tolerance and multiculturalism from an early age. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method based on literature studies, by reviewing various sources of literature such as journal articles, academic books, and relevant digital documents. The results of the study show that the field trip method makes a significant contribution to contextual learning, especially in socio-cultural material. This activity encourages students to experience diversity in society firsthand, develop empathy, tolerance, and strengthen 21st century skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, and communication. However, optimizing this method requires systematic planning, support from various parties, and innovation in integrating technology and project-based approaches. Therefore, the field trip method has great potential if applied in a structured manner in the learning process in elementary schools. This study recommends that schools and teachers actively develop field trip programs that are integrated with the curriculum and based on real experiences.

The Indonesian language curriculum in elementary schools is fundamental in fostering students’ literacy skills, particularly in reading and writing narrative texts such as fables. Despite its importance, students often encounter difficulties in understanding the structural elements of fables—namely, orientation, complication, resolution, and coda. These challenges are frequently exacerbated by variations in students’ readiness, interests, and learning profiles, which are not sufficiently addressed by conventional, one-size-fits-all teaching methods. This study adopts a qualitative library research approach to examine theoretical foundations and prior empirical studies related to differentiated instruction in the context of fable text learning. The findings suggest that differentiated instruction, by modifying content, process, product, and learning environment, effectively enhances students’ comprehension and performance in fable text structure. Furthermore, this approach aligns with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes learner-centered and inclusive education. Thus, differentiated instruction presents a promising pedagogical strategy for elementary school teachers in improving Indonesian language learning outcomes.

The use of brand ambassadors has become increasingly prevalent among various brands, including Erigo Apparel. JKT48 was selected as a brand ambassador due to its strong influence on public opinion through its popularity on social media. However, there remains a lack of studies that specifically explore how the credibility aspects of JKT48 contribute to individual decision-making when choosing a product. This study aims to examine the influence of JKT48’s credibility dimensions, trustworthiness, expertise, and attractiveness on the purchase decisions of Erigo Apparel among followers of the Instagram account @fjkt48.bdg. The research is grounded in the source credibility theory proposed by Ohanian (1990). A quantitative approach was employed, using a survey method with 80 respondents selected through an f-test calculation using G*Power. The data were analyzed using SEM-PLS with the assistance of SmartPLS 4 software. The results indicate that all three credibility dimensions of JKT48 have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Trustworthiness emerged as the most dominant factor, with a path coefficient value of 0.338 (t-statistic = 3.582; p-value = 0.000). All indicators in the model were declared valid and reliable, with an R-square value of 0.679, indicating that the model can substantially explain the purchase decision variable. These findings reinforce the idea that perceptions of JKT48’s credibility play a crucial role in shaping consumer purchase decisions.

This study aims to systematically review the literature that discusses the influence of social media on adolescent communication patterns, especially in the context of organizational learning. Social media as part of the digital transformation has changed the way adolescents interact, not only in social aspects but also in informal learning processes. Through a Systematic Literature Review approach, this study maps key concepts, identifies research gaps, and explores future research directions. The results of the study indicate that social media plays an important role in shaping interpersonal communication, digital ethics, and adolescent self-identity. However, most previous studies are still geographically limited, descriptive, and have not linked social media use to organizational learning comprehensively. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an integrative theoretical model and longitudinal studies that consider the cultural, psychological, and social contexts of adolescents in the digital era.

This study examines collaborative implementation strategies as an effective model for addressing employment challenges in the era of economic and technological transformation. Focusing on collaboration among the state, business sector, and labor unions, the study adopts a qualitative-descriptive approach through literature review, policy analysis, and case studies. Findings reveal that trilateral partnerships—inspired by the European concept of flexicurity—promote enhanced job security, worker productivity, and adaptability. The empowerment of labor unions through collective agreements and mediation has proven to strengthen industrial dialogue and prevent conflict. In Australia’s public sector, consultative committees involving union delegates and management demonstrate the effectiveness of consensus-based policymaking. Strategic recommendations include strengthening dialogic capacities, process digitalization, and the application of worker-driven social responsibility (WDSR) models for platform-based employment. The study concludes that multistakeholder collaborative networks are key to reinforcing labor market resilience and advancing social justice.