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The history of the development of the education system in the Philippines, which reflects the nation's long journey through various cultural influences and colonialism. Starting from the informal education that existed in pre-colonial societies, this article outlines the significant changes that occurred with the arrival of Spanish colonialists in the 16th century, who introduced a formal education system with a focus on Catholic teachings. Furthermore, the transition to a modern education system occurred under American colonial rule in the early 20th century, where English was introduced as the language of instruction and democratic values were promoted. This article also explores the challenges facing the Philippine education system post-independence, including efforts to create inclusive and relevant education. With an in-depth analysis of these various phases of development, this article aims to provide a better understanding of the dynamics of education in the Philippines and its impact on society today.    

This article discusses the spiritual revival triggered by the Pentecostal Movement in the modern era, focusing on its history, development, and impact on society. Through literature analysis, this study identifies the increase in worship participation, profound spiritual experiences, and significant social engagement within Pentecostal communities. Additionally, cultural adaptation and the use of technology in worship practices are also important factors in the growth of this movement. Despite facing challenges and criticism, the Pentecostal Movement shows potential to continue contributing to spiritual and social life. This research aims to provide insights into the relevance and impact of the Pentecostal Movement in contemporary society.

This study aims to optimize students' historical thinking skills through the School Environment Introduction Program at SMAN 1 Baros. This program is designed to improve students' understanding of history by developing critical, analytical, and interpretive skills in understanding historical events. The research methods used are literature studies and case studies. The results of the study indicate that students' historical thinking skills at SMAN 1 Baros are still low, which is caused by lecture-based learning and limited learning resources. This program focuses on developing an understanding of the concepts of time, space, and society, as well as the application of interactive and project-based learning to improve students' critical thinking skills. This optimization is expected to create a generation that thinks independently, creatively, and wisely in facing global and local challenges.    

This article examines the development of Islam in North Sumatra through various existing historical remains, including mosques, tombs and local traditions related to the history of the spread of Islam from the 13th century to the 20th century. This research aims to provide an understanding of how Islam spread and integrated with local traditions in the region. The method used in this research is historical research through the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The research results show that North Sumatra has a number of important historical remains, such as the Al-Mashun Grand Mosque, Maimun Palace, Azizi Tanjung Pura Mosque, and other historical tombs which are clear evidence of the spread of Islam in this region. This research also shows the important role of the Deli, Langkat and Asahan Sultanates in introducing and developing Islam, as well as how Islam adapted to local culture in North Sumatra. These findings provide an important contribution to understanding the history of Islam in Indonesia and the need to preserve historical remains as part of the nation's cultural heritage.

This research aims to determine the influence of applying problem solving learning methods on student learning outcomes in the class X Islamic Cultural History subject. The type of research used is quantitative research using a Pre-Experimental design (one-group-pretest-posttest Design). The population in this study was 253 and the sample in this study was 53. The sampling technique used by researchers was Cluster Sampling. The research results obtained based on the results of the paired samples t-test analysis obtained a sig value. (2-tailed) of 0.000 with a significance level of α=0.05, which means 0.000 <0.05, so Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Meanwhile, it is known that the data df=31, the significance level α=0.05, the t-count value = 24.002 and the t-table = 2.021 so it can be stated that the t-count value is greater than the t-table meaning 24.002>2.021 with a correlation level of 0.960 . So Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, meaning the influence of problem solving learning methods on student learning outcomes in SKI subjects in class is -0.041 (experimental class posttest = 84.84 and control class posttest = 59.05) which means the average score for the experimental class posttest is higher than the control class posttest. Thus it can be concluded that the problem solving method influences student learning outcomes in the SKI class X MAN 3 Banyuwangi subject.

pendidikan non formal memiliki sejarah panjang di Indonesia, pertama kali muncul pada masa kolonialoisme dan terus berkembang pada saat ini. Di era ini, perkembangan pendidikan non formal sangatlah membantu pengembangan diri dan meningkatkan kualitas warga belajar(peserta didik) serta dapat meningkatkan kualitas martabat dan mutu dalam kehidupan. Pendidikan non formal tertera dalam UU RI no2 tahun 2003 tentang SISDIKNAS pada pasal 26: ayat (3, 4, dan 6) yang berbunyi : ayat ( 3) Pendidikan non formal meliputi pendidikan kecakapan hidup, pendidikan anak usia dini, pendidikan kepemudaan, pendidikan pemberdayaan perempuan, pendidikan keaksaraan, pendidikan keterampilan dan pelatihan kerja, pendidikan kesetaraan, serta pendidikan lain yang ditujukan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan peserta didik.”, ayat (4) “Satuan pendidikan non formal terdiri atas lembaga ku rsus, lembaga pelatihan, kelompok belajar, pusat kegiatan belajar masyarakat, dan majelis taklim serta satuan pendidikan yang sejenis.:,  dan ayat (6) “Hasil pendidikan non formal dapat dihargai setara dengan hasil program pendidikan formal setelah melalui proses penilaian penyetaraan oleh lembaga yang ditunjuk oleh pemerintah atau pemerintah daerah dengan mengacu pada standar nasional penilaian.”. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik peserta didik non formal yang ada Indonesia.

This study discusses the history and education system in Turkey, focusing on the developments and challenges faced. Turkey, as a country located in the Eurasian region, has a centralized education system and is managed according to the provisions set by Mustafa Kamal Ataturk. The purpose of this education system is to produce skilled, productive, and creative individuals in the era of reform. Some important points raised in this study include: Quality of Education, although there are many quality higher education institutions, the global ranking of the Turkish education system still needs to be improved. Improving the quality of teaching and curriculum development are key to facing this challenge. Educational Inequality, there is inequality in access to education, especially in rural areas. Although basic education is mandatory, there are still areas in Turkey that experience limited access to education, which creates a gap between urban and rural areas. Educational Reform, since 2012, the structure of education in Turkey has changed, where students must complete upper secondary education which is now mandatory. Previously, students completed basic education for eight years and secondary education for three years. Comparison with Indonesia, the education system in Turkey has similarities with Indonesia, especially in the use of a modern system in implementing the curriculum in universities. However, Turkey has greater academic autonomy in universities. Investment in Education, Turkey has invested in education through the "2023 Eğitim Vizyonu" program to improve the quality and accessibility of education. However, challenges such as educational inequality still need to be addressed. This study is expected to provide deeper insight into the education system in Turkey and the challenges faced, as well as comparisons with education systems in other countries, especially Indonesia.    

In writing this article, the author examines the role of the laity in the church, highlighting the development of their participation methods over time. The laity, as non-clergy members, contributed to the mission of the church and the spread of the gospel. From an active role in the early church, they experienced a transformation in the middle ages, but the protestant reformation restored their involvement through the concept of the "priesthood of all believers." the research method used is a literature study with qualitative analysis of relevant documents and literature. This study shows that the laity are not only recipients of teachings, but also agents of significant change in life

This study has 2 (two) objectives. The first study aims to find out the history of the arrival of the British to Australia. The second study aims to find out the influence of British colonization on the Indigenous tribe. This will reveal what kind of colonization was carried out by the British so that the Indigenous tribe was marginalized from its original area of ​​population, even its existence was almost extinct. Since the arrival of Arthur Philip in the late 18th century was the beginning of British colonization in Australia. Where at that time the Australian region was only a wilderness that the British considered the right area to be used as a shelter for British defenders. Sending settlements and civil servants to Australia. Finally, a population area was formed like a structured country that can be seen from several policies implemented by the British at that time. However, long before the arrival of the British to the Australian region, Australia had formed an indigenous Australian tribe. The method used by the researcher is historical research which has four stages: heuristic, critical, interpretation and historiography. The author utilizes library sources by searching for journals, books and others for reference.

The history of the spread of Christianity in Indonesia cannot be separated from the role of missionaries who came during the colonial period. This research aims to explore the role of missionaries in the spread of Christianity in Indonesia and its impact on social, educational and political changes in the country. Missionaries, both Catholic and Protestant, played a dual role in this process: on the one hand, they sought to spread Christianity; on the other hand, they also functioned as colonial agents that strengthened colonial power. In this context, the Christianization process is often seen as part of a colonial strategy to maintain dominance over local communities. The social impact of the spread of Christianity was significant, especially in shaping new social structures. Missionaries introduced a formal education system that gave access to communities that were previously unreached by education, such as in the Minahasa and Tapanuli regions. The education provided by missionaries covered basic learning, including reading, writing and arithmetic, which became an important foundation for the development of Indonesian society. However, the spread of Christianity also led to social tensions and conflicts, especially in areas where the majority of the population is Muslim. These tensions, according to some observers, were the result of the close relationship between Christianity and colonial rule. These conflicts still continue today.

Before the arrival of Islam, Andalusia, which is now part of Spain, experienced various phases of power and conflict. The region was originally under the control of the Roman Empire and was known as Iberia. . After the Roman period, the Vandals controlled the region, so it became known as Vandalusia. This study aims to analyze the history of the entry of Islam in Andalusia. The research method used is library research where data sources are obtained from books, articles, journals and other readings. With this research, it can produce knowledge about the process of Islamic entry in Andalusia.

The Medan Grand Mosque is an example of a combination of colonial and Islamic architecture in North Sumatra. Built during the Dutch colonial rule, the mosque combines elements of distinctive Western architectural design and Islamic architectural styles, creating a unique and historic work. The existence of the Medan Grand Mosque makes it an architectural icon in the region which reflects the combination of strong colonial influences with the richness of local islamic culture. This article aims to explore the development of the architecture of this mosque as a symbol of religious and cultural identity in the midst of the colonization process, as well as its role in the history of urban development in Medan. Through this study, it is hoped that we can better understand how the Medan Grand Mosque not only functions as a place of worship, but also as a visual symbol that depicts the interaction between local traditions, Islam, and the influence of colonial architecture in North Sumatra.  

The history of the development of the Eastern Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire reflects the close relationship between politics and religion. This study examines how the Eastern Orthodox Church was formed and developed in the context of an empire that dominated the eastern regions of the Christian world. The main issues that arise are the Church's dependence on imperial patronage, internal conflicts such as iconoclasm, and the schism with the Western Church (Schism of 1054), which played a role in the formation of the Eastern Orthodox identity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of the Eastern Orthodox Church in the political, cultural, and theological context of the Byzantine Empire. It also explores the imperial influence on the church hierarchy and the evolution of theological teachings, as well as understanding how these dynamics shaped the unique characteristics of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The research method used is qualitative with a historical approach, through the analysis of literature and council documents. Data was drawn from various primary and secondary sources to explore the relationship between the church and the empire. The results show that the Eastern Orthodox Church flourished under Byzantine protection. Internal conflicts such as iconoclasm and external challenges such as the Great Schism affected the historical development of the church. Although the Byzantine Empire collapsed in 1453, its influence remained inherent in the traditions and hierarchy of the Eastern Orthodox Church that persist to this day.

Islam was introduced during the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, but only developed significantly in the 1970s. In the sixth and seventh centuries AD, during the life of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and at the same time as the Qur'an was revealed, the concept of Islamic economics began to emerge. Even though Islamic economics is still in the process of development, it has made progress during the reign of the Prophet in Medina, where he succeeded in explaining the principles of financial management. Islamic economic practices during the time of the Prophet, Khulafaurrasyidin, and Tab'in showed how important the market was. The Prophet highly appreciated reasonable prices determined by market mechanisms.

This article discusses the importance of building students' interest in learning Islamic Cultural History (SKI), which is often considered less interesting due to monotonous conventional methods. The research aims to explore creative and innovative learning strategies that can increase students' interest in SKI. Using qualitative descriptive methods and literature studies, researchers analyzed the relevance of learning interests and the development of interesting teaching modules. The findings show that teaching modules that integrate visual media and interactive technology can increase the attractiveness of learning, creating active and relevant learning experiences for students. Apart from that, the teacher's role is very crucial in using a variety of methods and providing constructive feedback. The implications of this research emphasize the need for a more creative approach in education to not only convey historical knowledge, but also shape students' character and identity. In this way, it is hoped that SKI learning will be more meaningful and help students understand cultural heritage in the context of modern life.

This study explores the significance of Islamic cultural history education in shaping the character of the youth in the modern era. It emphasizes that Islamic cultural history is not merely a record of the past but a source of moral values that can guide individual character development. The research utilizes a literature review approach, collecting data from various sources, including journals and books, to highlight the relevance of historical lessons in contemporary life. Findings indicate that integrating innovative teaching methods and technology enhances student engagement and understanding. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for character education within the curriculum, promoting values such as tolerance, social responsibility, and ethical behavior. Ultimately, this article argues that a holistic approach to teaching Islamic cultural history can significantly contribute to the formation of a well-rounded, morally grounded generation capable of facing global challenges.

Muhammadiyah is one of the largest Islamic organizations in Indonesia which was founded by K.H.Ahmad Dahlan in 1912 in Yogyakarta. This organization plays an important role in the renewal of religious thought and practice as well as in various aspects of social life in Indonesia. The history of Muhammadiyah covers a long journey from its founding to its role in social reform in Indonesia, making it an important subject to study. The aim of this research is to examine the history of Muhammadiyah from its initial founding to its contribution to social reform in Indonesia. By understanding the history and role of Muhammadiyah, it is hoped that it can provide deeper insight into the contribution of this organization to social reform and change in Indonesia. Method This research uses historical methods with a qualitative approach. Data was obtained through literature studies which included books, journals, articles and documents related to Muhammadiyah. The research results show that since its inception, Muhammadiyah has focused on education and health reform, which then developed into a broader social reform movement. Apart from that, Muhammadiyah also plays an important role in advocating social and political issues related to justice and equality. Muhammadiyah's role in social reform includes various initiatives in education, health, and social welfare that continue to this day. Conclusion Muhammadiyah has shown a significant role in Indonesian history, not only as a religious organization but also as an agent of social change. Muhammadiyah's contribution to social reform has had a broad positive impact on Indonesian society, making it one of the important pillars in the history of social reform in Indonesia.

This study is a philological examination of one of the manuscripts owned by the Regional Museum of Sambas Regency, preserved as part of its philological collection. Manuscripts are, in essence, rich in values, serving as products of their time and recording contemporary events. These values can be understood through philological studies using appropriate methods. This research elaborates on three main aspects: the transliteration of the KMBKS manuscript, the contents of the KMBKS manuscript, and the context of Sambas at the time the manuscript was created.The study employs a qualitative descriptive method and a philological approach. The findings reveal that the KMBKS manuscript is written in Jawi script, with 40 lines per page. The manuscript is generally in good condition. It contains at least three main themes: first, exhortations; second, details of the required funds; and third, the composition of the management or Bestuur Commissie.

This study aims to increase the interest in learning history among ninth-grade students at SMP Sinar Pancasila Betun through the application of the role-playing method. The research problem addressed in this study is how effective the role-playing method is in increasing students' interest in learning history and what factors influence the success of this method. The study uses a classroom action research (CAR) method, consisting of four cycles. Each cycle includes stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection instruments used include observation sheets and learning interest questionnaires. The results of the study show a significant increase in students' interest in learning after the application of the role-playing method. In the second cycle, the average student learning interest was at 66%, and it gradually increased to 81% by the fourth cycle. The discussion of these results indicates that the role-playing method not only increases students' interest in learning but also facilitates collaboration, active participation, and student creativity in the history learning process. Therefore, it can be concluded that the role-playing method is effective in increasing the interest in learning history among ninth-grade students at SMP Sinar Pancasila Betun.

Generation Z, known as the internet generation, has unique characteristics that influence the way they learn. Technology-based learning, such as the use of animated videos and interactive applications, can increase students' interest and understanding of complex SKI material. This article discusses the impact of technology on the scope of SKI learning in building historical awareness and cultural identity for Generation Z. This research method uses library research, namely searching for research sources by collecting several pieces of literature sourced from journals, books and other sources. The results of this research show that the rapid development of technology is currently having a significant impact on the field of education, including learning the History of Islamic Culture (SKI).