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Relations in mathematics are a fundamental concept that describe the connection between two sets. This concept is crucial because it forms the foundation for understanding functions and various other mathematical topics. In everyday life, relations can be found in numerous real-world situations, such as the relationship between teachers and their students, sellers and buyers, or students and their exam scores. By understanding relations, students can see how elements from one set are linked to elements in another set based on specific rules. Unfortunately, many students still find it difficult to grasp the concept of relations because it is often taught in an abstract way, filled with mathematical symbols that are not connected to their real-life experiences. As a result, students may feel that the topic is irrelevant to their lives, leading to a lack of interest and poor comprehension. In fact, if taught contextually and practically, the concept of relations can serve as a key bridge to help students understand functions and their relevance in the real world. This article aims to explain the concept of relations through a more practical and relatable approach. For example, it can be illustrated by connecting students' names with their attendance numbers, or linking foods with their nutritional contents. Through these examples, students can see that relations are not just rigid parts of a math lesson but also reflect meaningful connections in everyday life. In this way, it is expected that students will gain a more comprehensive understanding of relations—not only mathematically but also in terms of practical application and functionality. A solid understanding of relations will make it easier for students to learn advanced concepts such as functions, mappings, and mathematical logic. Therefore, a learning approach that emphasizes contextual understanding is essential, so that students are not merely memorizing formulas but are also capable of applying the concept of relations in real-world situations.

This study aims to examine the influence of competence, job placement, and work discipline on employee performance at the Samsat Office of Bima Regency. The research applies a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 30 civil servants selected using purposive sampling. The data analysis techniques include validity and reliability tests, multiple linear regression, t-test, and F-test. The results show that competence, placement, and work discipline each have a positive and significant influence on employee performance, both partially and simultaneously. The coefficient of determination indicates that 45.2% of the variance in performance is explained by the three variables. These findings suggest that improving employee competence through training, placing staff according to their skills, and consistently enforcing work discipline can enhance employee effectiveness and productivity. The study has important implications for human resource management in public institutions, particularly in improving service quality through better employee performance.

This study aims to analyze and determine whether or not there are differences in financial performance between cigarette sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016 - 2023. This type of research uses quantitative research with a comparative method. Sampling was carried out using the purposive sampling method and four companies were obtained. The data used in this study are secondary data using the company's annual financial reports. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test for non-normally distributed data and the One-Way ANOVA test for normally distributed data. The results of the study indicate that there are significant differences between the financial performance of PT HM Sampoerna Tbk, PT Gudang Garam Tbk, PT Wismilak Inti Makmur Tbk, and PT Indonesian Tobacco Tbk as seen from the liquidity ratio (Current Ratio), solvency ratio (Debt To Asset Ratio), activity ratio (Total Asset Turn Over), and profitability ratio (Return On Asset).

Abstract. This study aims to examine the role of social innovation in accelerating community economic development through a participatory approach based on local potential. Social innovation is seen as an effective new solution to address various social and economic problems, particularly at the community level, by involving communities as key actors of change. This study highlights the importance of collaboration between communities, government, academia, the private sector, and non-governmental organizations in creating an inclusive and sustainable development ecosystem. The results indicate that social innovation can strengthen community economic independence, create alternative economic models such as digital cooperatives and community-based economies, and encourage broad participation in the development process. However, various obstacles remain, such as low digital literacy, limited access to funding, and weak policy support. Therefore, systemic interventions and more progressive policy support are needed to expand the impact of social innovation on sustainable community economic development.

This study uses a qualitative library method aimed at analyzing the use of slang from a semiotic perspective among elementary school students and its implications for Indonesian language learning. The slang frequently used by students has certain symbols, meanings, and signs that reflect group identity, social dynamics, and the cultural development of early adolescence. In this context, slang functions not only as a means of communication but also as a means of self-expression and building social relationships among peers. The use of slang among elementary school students creates a space for them to interact and understand each other, as well as strengthen social bonds within their group. This study examines various literature and previous research results on semiotic theories proposed by Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Sanders Peirce. These theories serve as an important foundation in understanding the linguistic signs and meanings behind the use of slang. However, the uncontrolled use of slang can potentially obscure the rules of standard Indonesian. If not addressed with an appropriate pedagogical approach, this can disrupt the learning process and students' understanding of formal Indonesian. Therefore, it is important for educators to understand the dynamics of slang use among students in order to manage and direct its use in learning contexts. This way, students will not only be able to communicate well in slang but also be able to apply standard Indonesian language rules in appropriate situations, enabling them to become effective and competent communicators in today's global era. This research is expected to provide deeper insight into the importance of understanding slang in educational contexts, as well as encourage the development of more innovative and relevant teaching methods to meet the needs of students in the modern era.

. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, dan Total Assets Turnover terhadap Return On Assets pada perusahaan sub sektor farmasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2019-2023. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan sub sektor farmasi di BEI, dengan sampel sebanyak 7 perusahaan yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Data penelitian berupa laporan keuangan tahunan yang dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan uji asumsi klasik, uji t, uji f, dan koefisien determinasi melalui program SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Current Ratio (CR) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return On Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Return On Assets (ROA), sedangkan Total Assets Turnover (TATO) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return On Assets (ROA). Namun, secara simultan Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio dan Total Assets Turnover berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return On Assets. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya pengelolaan struktur modal dan efektivitas aset untuk meningkatkan profitabilitas perusahaan farmasi.

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah secara parsial dan simultan ada pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara variabel bebas yaitu; harga, promosi, dan citra merek terhadap variabel terikat yaitu keputusan pembelian. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalalah konsumen sepeda motor merek Honda di Kabupaten Purworejo. Metode pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan sampel purposive sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan alternatif pilihan jawaban menggunakan skala likert yang terdiri dari 5 pilihan jawaban. Kuesioner telah diuji coba dan telah memenuhi syarat validitas dan reliabilitas. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda pada uji t dan uji F dengan variabel bebas yaitu harga, promosi, dan citra merek, sedangkan variabel terikat yaitu keputusan pembelian. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa secara parsial harga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, secara parsial promosi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, secara parsial citra merek berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, dan secara simultan harga, promosi, dan citra merek berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian.

This study aims to analyze the impact of women’s dual roles and work stress on the work quality of female employees in the Production Division of PT Unggulrejo Wasono, Purworejo. The background of this research arises from the phenomenon of married female workers who must balance household responsibilities with factory production demands, a condition that often leads to stress and decreased work performance. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. The findings reveal that dual roles significantly influence work quality, with many female employees experiencing physical and mental fatigue that lowers concentration, accuracy, and productivity. Work stress is triggered by excessive workloads, high production targets, uncomfortable working conditions, and limited interpersonal support. There are three findings: (1) negative impacts on female employees without family support; (2) dual roles serve as a motivator when supported by spouses or parents; and (3) fluctuating effects depending on household and work conditions. The research implications affirm that PT Unggulrejo Wasono's efforts to address dual roles and work stress remain limited but somewhat helpful. Counseling programs and stress management training have had a positive impact on some female employees, although the effects are not yet widespread due to the absence of structural policies such as workload adjustments or childcare support. As a result, the work quality of employees who receive support tends to be more stable, while those without support remain vulnerable to decreased productivity and increased absenteeism. Therefore, while the existing efforts are beneficial, their effectiveness needs to be improved to achieve broader positive outcomes.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh harga dan lokasi terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen minuman Lokita Cabang Sindurjan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen yang sedang/pernah membeli minuman Lokita di Cabang Sindurjan yang terletak di jalan Dr. Setia Budi Purworejo yang jumlahnya tidak terukur/terhingga. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 100 responden yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu melalui observasi, kuesioner, wawancara, studi Pustaka, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel harga dan lokasi memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen, baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Dengan demikian, kedua variabel tersebut merupakan faktor penting yang memengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen minuman Lokita di Cabang Sindurjan.  

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak kepemilikan sepeda motor terhadap keberlangsungan usaha ojek pangkalan di Pasar Kaliboto, Kecamatan Bener, Kabupaten Purworejo. Sepeda motor sebagai sarana transportasi utama bagi pengemudi ojek telah menjadi faktor penting dalam perkembangan usaha ojek pangkalan, baik dari sisi ekonomi, sosial, maupun mobilitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi yang dilakukan terhadap pengemudi ojek pangkalan di Pasar Kaliboto. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana kepemilikan sepeda motor mempengaruhi pendapatan, produktivitas, serta hubungan sosial pengemudi ojek di pasar tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan sepeda motor memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap peningkatan pendapatan pengemudi ojek, karena mereka lebih mandiri dalam mencari penumpang dan dapat beroperasi lebih fleksibel. Selain itu, kepemilikan sepeda motor juga berkontribusi pada peningkatan kualitas hidup pengemudi, terutama dalam hal kemampuan finansial dan aksesibilitas terhadap berbagai kebutuhan. Namun, tantangan seperti biaya perawatan sepeda motor, biaya operasional, dan persaingan dengan pengemudi ojek online juga menjadi faktor yang mempengaruhi kesejahteraan pengemudi ojek pangkalan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pentingnya dukungan kebijakan yang lebih baik, seperti pelatihan keterampilan, bantuan finansial, dan peningkatan sistem transportasi lokal, agar pengemudi ojek pangkalan dapat lebih berdaya saing dan sejahtera.

The unit of analysis in this study was PT Bank Mandiri Surabaya Branch, involving 50 employee respondents. The purpose of this study was to analyze and determine the effect of person-organization fit and job embeddedness on turnover intention. This study falls into the category of causal associative research, which aims to analyze the relationship between variables and how one variable influences another. Data analysis included descriptive analysis, research instrument testing (validity and reliability testing), multiple linear regression analysis, classical assumption testing, and hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that person-organization fit and job embeddedness simultaneously influence turnover intention. This is evidenced by a significance value smaller than the probability value with 0.000 <0.05. Person-organization fit has a significant negative effect on turnover intention. This is indicated by a significance value smaller than the probability value with 0.000 <0.05. Job embeddedness has a significant negative effect on turnover intention. This is indicated by a significance value smaller than the probability value with 0.000 <0.05.

There are three major e-commerce platforms in Indonesia, namely Tokopedia, Shopee, and Lazada. These three e-commerce platforms compete to win the hearts of consumers. There are several factors that can influence purchasing decisions, one of which is social media marketing. Based on this background, the author is interested in conducting a study entitled The Influence of Social Media Marketing on Purchasing Decisions. The population in this study consists of consumers who have made purchases on Shopee, domiciled in Purworejo Regency, and have a Shopee application account. The exact number is unknown due to the lack of available data. The sample was taken using purposive sampling, totaling 100 respondents. Data analysis techniques used include simple linear regression, coefficient of determination, and t-test. The results of the simple linear regression test showed a constant value of 9.052 with an a b value of 0.947. The results of the coefficient of determination test showed an R square value of 51.8%. The results of the t-test show that the calculated t-value is greater than the t-table value (10.258 > 1.661) with a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05).

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of effectiveness and contribution of Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2) to the Original Regional Income of Purworejo Regency in 2018-2022. The stages in analyzing the level of effectiveness are carried out by comparing the target revenue and the realization of PBB-P2 revenue. Contribution analysis can be carried out by comparing the realization of PBB-P2 revenue and the realization of Original Regional Income owned by Purworejo Regency. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive. Quantitative descriptive analysis is used to explain and present data obtained from agencies by providing a general description in accordance with the reality at the time of conducting research analyzing the level of effectiveness of Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2). Based on the research conducted by the author, the results of the study were obtained, namely the level of effectiveness of Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2) revenues in Purworejo Regency in 2018-2022 averaged 109.712% and showed very effective criteria, the level of contribution of Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2) revenues to Purworejo Regency's Original Regional Income in 2018-2022 averaged 9.46% and fell into the very poor criteria.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui gambaran Keputusan Pembelian, Kualitas Produk, Harga, dan Promosi; (2) menganalisis pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Harga dan Promosi terhadap Keputusan Pembelian baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di kota Maumere. Karena populasinya tidak terbatas, maka dilakukan pengambilan sampel sebanyak 76 orang. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuisioner dan dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif dan statistik inferensial yaitu regresi linier berganda. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan melalui uji F dan Uji t. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukan bahwa variabel Keputusan Pembelian berada dalam kriteria baik, variabel Kualitas Produk berada dalam kriteria baik, selanjutnya variabel Harga berada dalam kriteria baik dan variabel Promosi berada dalam kriteria baik. Hasil statistik uji t menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel Kualitas Produk tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Selanjutnya variabel Harga tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian, elanjutnya variabel Promosi berpengaruh seara signifikan terhadap variabel keputusan pembelian. Hasil statistik uji F menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variabel Kualitas Produk, Harga dan Promosi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Hasil analisis determinasi menujukan ketiga variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini mampu menjelaskan terhadap variasi naik turunnya Keputusan Pembelian Cho-sik di Kabupaten Sikka sebesar 44,4%.  

Night shift workers in the modern retail sector, especially minimarkets such as Alfamart Makassar City, often face the risk of health problems due to changes in circadian rhythms, irregular diets, and lack of nutrition education. Work patterns that require them to be active at night have an impact on metabolic imbalances, sleep quality disorders, and unhealthy eating habits. Most workers tend to eat fast food that is high in calories, fat, and sugar, but low in fiber and micronutrients. This condition can increase the risk of fatigue, decreased immunity, and impaired concentration at work. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional nursing interventions in improving the diet and physical condition of night shift workers. The research approach used was descriptive with a case study method on 32 Alfamart workers who worked night shifts. The research was carried out for three days, namely on May 24-26, 2025. The interventions provided include nutrition education through brief counseling, monitoring of food and fluid intake, and assistance in developing a meal schedule that is in accordance with night work patterns. The results of the study showed a significant improvement in nutritional behavior. After the intervention, 84% of participants started implementing a healthy diet with a frequency of twice per shift, 93% increased their water consumption as recommended, and 72% felt refreshed and did not get tired easily while working. In addition, as many as 78% of participants showed high compliance with the nutritional recommendations given. These findings prove that nutritional nursing interventions have an important role in the promotion of occupational health. Proper nutrition education not only increases workers' awareness of the importance of a healthy diet, but also has an impact on increasing the productivity and welfare of night shift workers. Therefore, nutrition promotion programs should be part of the management policies of retail companies to maintain employee health.

Anxiety is an emotional state characterized by feelings of discomfort, such as restlessness, worry, or fear of events that have not yet occurred. This condition is often experienced by pregnant women who are about to undergo labor, especially if confronted with an emergency cesarean section (CS). High anxiety can negatively impact the mother's physical and psychological condition, as well as affect the labor process. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of warm water foot soak therapy as a form of non-pharmacological intervention in reducing anxiety levels in pregnant women who will undergo cesarean section. This study used a case study design with a residential care approach. The study subjects consisted of two patients in the Gladiol Ward of Dr. Tjitrowardojo Purworejo Regional Hospital who experienced damage problems in the form of anxiety. The intervention provided was warm water foot soak therapy twice daily for two consecutive days. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, physical examinations, medical record studies, and filling out the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) questionnaire. The results showed that this therapy was able to reduce anxiety levels in both patients. The first patient showed a decrease from moderate anxiety (score 16) to mild anxiety (score 12), while the second patient experienced a decrease from severe anxiety (score 21) to moderate anxiety (score 17). Thus, warm foot soak therapy has been shown to be effective in reducing pre-CES anxiety and can be considered a safe and simple treatment intervention.

Anxiety often arises during pregnancy due to both physical and psychological changes that can negatively impact the health of both the mother and the fetus. These changes may include hormonal fluctuations, fear of labor, and concerns about the baby’s wellbeing. In Indonesia, approximately 28.7% of 373,000 pregnant women in their third trimester experience anxiety as they approach labor. If left untreated, anxiety during pregnancy can lead to complications such as prolonged labor, low birth weight, and postpartum depression. Therefore, early and appropriate intervention is crucial. This study aims to describe the application of Islamic mindfulness meditation therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety in pregnant women at Puskesmas Purbaratu, Tasikmalaya. Anxiety is a condition in which an individual feels uneasy, worried, or uncomfortable. Islamic mindfulness meditation therapy is a relaxation technique that integrates spiritual practices with mental focus through meditation, allowing the soul and mind to be calm, centered, and connected with God. It includes dhikr (remembrance of Allah), controlled breathing, and contemplation of positive thoughts. The method used in this study is a case study involving two primigravida pregnant clients experiencing moderate anxiety. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and measurements using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). The results indicate that Islamic mindfulness meditation therapy significantly reduced anxiety levels from moderate to mild after five consecutive days of implementation. This was achieved through a combination of breathing exercises, spiritual reflection, and relaxation. This study concludes that Islamic mindfulness meditation can be an effective, affordable, and spiritually enriching alternative therapy to reduce anxiety in pregnant women, especially during the vulnerable third trimester. It is recommended that health workers consider incorporating this method into antenatal care programs.

This literature review aims to explore the transformation of community-based emergency response systems in the digital era, with a focus on technological innovation, social preparedness, and adaptive intervention models. Using a systematic review approach, 38 articles published between 2019 and 2024 were analyzed from databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The findings indicate that digital applications, AI-based early warning systems, and virtual reality-based emergency training have significantly enhanced community responsiveness. Moreover, social factors such as local leadership, solidarity, and participatory simulation play a vital role in strengthening adaptive capacity. This review proposes an integrative socio-technical model that combines digital tools with community participation to improve preparedness and resilience. The implications suggest the need for inclusive and sustainable community disaster response frameworks supported by policy and cross-sectoral collaboration.

The author constructs the story world through elements such as plot, character, and setting. These elements are interconnected and form a cohesive whole within the narrative. This study aims to examine and analyze the story elements in the novel Angin Bersyair by Andrei Aksana. The theoretical framework used in this research is Robert Stanton's structuralism theory. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through literature study, using techniques such as reading the novel, highlighting and identifying data, classifying, selecting, compiling the data corpus, and organizing the data. The results of the analysis show that the novel Angin Bersyair by Andrei Aksana is constructed using a mixed plot structure, the setting is categorized into place, time, and atmosphere. The characterization includes both main and supporting characters. The mixed plot in the novel combines both progressive and regressive plot patterns, allowing the author to weave past and present events fluidly to enrich the narrative tension and emotional depth. The temporal shifts also reflect the psychological complexity of the main characters, especially in relation to themes of love, identity, and longing. The setting of place varies from urban environments that reflect modern social dynamics to more introspective or symbolic places that reveal the characters’ inner worlds. The time setting spans multiple periods, indicating a narrative that draws heavily on memory and personal transformation. The atmosphere often shifts between melancholic, romantic, and contemplative tones, aligning with the protagonist’s emotional journey. Character analysis reveals a strong central figure whose emotional struggles and internal conflicts are supported and contrasted by secondary characters, enriching the story’s multidimensionality. The protagonist is depicted with psychological depth, while the supporting characters serve as foils or catalysts for change. Overall, this research highlights how Angin Bersyair employs literary elements to construct a rich and emotionally engaging narrative grounded in structuralist principles.

Teachers frequently encounter heavy workloads, which can reduce job satisfaction. While various research have looked at this link, the function of job motivation as a deciding factor has not been thoroughly investigated. This systematic literature review seeks to investigate how motivation of work affects the relationship between workload with job satisfaction in teachers. Using the PRISMA framework, a thorough search was undertaken across major academic databases such as Crossref, Semantic Scholar, and Google Scholar, focused on publications published between 2015 and 2025. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed publications on motivation, workload, and job satisfaction in the context of school teacher. A total of 12 relevant studies were examined thematically. The data show that a high workload typically affects job satisfaction, although this impact can be mitigated or modulated by internal and extrinsic motivating variables. Teachers with higher levels of intrinsic motivation were more tolerant to workload-related stress and reported higher levels of satisfaction. This review emphasizes the necessity of improving motivating tactics in educational institutions in order to increase teacher well-being. More study is needed to investigate contextual variables including school culture and teacher tenure.