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Urban public issues are highly complex and involve various actors with different interests and resources. As a large city, Bandung faces a variety of public issues that require a collaborative policy approach. This study aims to analyze the policy network structure in handling public issues in Bandung. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical research type. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed using a policy network structure perspective. The results show that the policy network structure in Bandung is still dominated by government actors and tends to be hierarchical and fragmented. Inter-actor connectivity is not yet optimal, the participation of non-government actors is still limited, and the distribution of roles in the policy network is not yet balanced. This condition has an impact on weak cross-sector coordination, low community participation, and ineffective handling of public issues. This study concludes that the structuring of an inclusive, connected, and trust-based policy network is key to improving the effectiveness of public issue handling in Bandung City.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the literacy programme on student learning outcomes at SMPN 2 Batudaa. The research method used in this research is a quantitative method using a quantitative approach. The data used in this study are primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires or questionnaires to SMPN 2 Batudaa students who meet the standards set by researchers with a sample in this study of 42 students. The results of this study indicate that the Literacy Program has a significant effect on student learning outcomes at SMPN 2 Batudaa, which means that the more students routinely implement the Literacy Program, the more student learning outcomes will increase. The research results of the calculation of the coefficient of determination of this study are 58.4%, which means that the literacy program variable can be explained by the student learning outcomes variable by 58.4% and the remaining 41.6% is explained by other variables not examined in this study.

Introducing a sense of tolerance from an early age, especially in preschool, is crucial for building a harmonious society. This article discusses the importance of instilling the values ​​of tolerance and mutual respect among children, particularly in the context of religious diversity. The study, conducted at Telkom Kindergarten in Gorontalo, involved seven students aged 5-6 years. The data collection technique used a Guttman scale questionnaire with intervals (Yes-No). The results showed that 85% of children had demonstrated tolerant attitudes, which include accepting differences, respecting others, and appreciating the religion or beliefs of others. However, there were still 15% of children who were not fully tolerant. Therefore, it is recommended to further develop social tolerance skills in early childhood through various structured and systematic approaches, such as modeling, habituation, storytelling, outdoor activities, singing, and providing appropriate rewards and consequences. It is important to build strong synergy between parents and teachers in formal educational institutions to guide children in developing a tolerant character. In addition, efforts need to be made to increase students' awareness of good behavior, and parents' use of democratic education also plays a crucial role in developing tolerance skills in early childhood.

This study aims to analyze the communication skills of early childhood students in class B1 at TK Negeri Pembina. The background of this study stems from the importance of early affective development, particularly communication skills, which form the foundation of children's social-emotional and cognitive development. The research method used a quantitative approach with seven children (3 boys and 4 girls) as subjects through checklist instrument observation, which was then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results showed that most children (90%) had excellent communication skills, particularly in listening, storytelling, remembering, and self-expression. However, 10% of children still experienced difficulties in understanding and speaking, such as difficulty processing information, conveying ideas clearly, and asking for help when needed. These findings emphasize that children's communication skills need to be continuously developed through creative and interactive learning strategies, such as role-playing, storytelling, and providing a rich language environment. The role of teachers and parents is an important factor in facilitating children's communication development by creating positive interactions, setting a good example in language use, and creating a conducive learning atmosphere. Thus, the development of communication skills from an early age contributes greatly to children's affective, social, and academic development in a sustainable manner.

This study aims to investigate the role of teachers in developing literacy among early childhood learners at TK Irama Jaya Ulapato A, located in Telaga Biru District, Gorontalo Regency. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The subjects of the study are the teachers at TK Irama Jaya Ulapato A. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that teachers play a significant role in fostering literacy in early childhood, particularly through storytelling activities. In its implementation, teachers act as motivators by giving praise to children who are able to answer questions as a form of positive reinforcement. As facilitators, teachers provide learning materials such as storybooks used during the learning process. Furthermore, teachers also serve as evaluators, conducting direct assessments of the children’s understanding related to literacy activities. Lastly, teachers function as class managers, creating an enjoyable learning environment and engaging activities that help increase children's interest in learning and improve their literacy skills.

This study aims to test and find out the influence of the art of folding paper in improving Fine motor skills in early childhood, specifically for children aged 5 to 6 years, were studied at Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten in Makassar City. This research is quantitative and uses an experimental approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study involved 17 children in the B1 group. Data was collected using test performance, observation, documentation, and children's checklist sheets based on the indicators of child development outlined in Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 17 of 2023. The data was analyzed using a non-parametric test called the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed that the pre-test score was 12.7, which increased to 17.1 after the children were given lessons in the art of folding paper, or origami. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test analysis produced a Z value of 3.630 with an Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) significance of 0.000. Since this significance is less than 0.05, the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. This means there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test results. Therefore, it can be concluded that the activity of folding paper has a significant effect on improving fine motor skills in children aged 5 to 6 years.in early childhood in Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten in Makassar City.                                                                                                                                                                                       

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of teachers in developing fine motor skills in paper weaving in Group B children at Oikumene Kindergarten, Sorong Regency. The research method used in this study was descriptive with a qualitative approach, namely data compiled in narrative and objective words. The results showed that children aged 5-6 years at Oikumene Kindergarten, Sorong Regency, engaged in several activities that can improve their fine motor skills, such as cutting, writing, weaving, shaping, folding, drawing, and so on. The results of the observations conducted by the researcher revealed that out of 15 children, 10 were in the Very Well Developed (BSB) indicator, while 4 children were in the Developing as Expected (BSH) indicator, and 1 child was in the Beginning to Develop (MB) indicator. According to the researcher's observations, the 1 child in the Beginning to Develop category was influenced by other factors, so the child remained in the Beginning to Develop indicator.

This Community Service activity is carried out with the aim of implementing the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. This activity was carried out at MIS Halwani Gebang, Langkat, North Sumatra. The implementation of the activities includes the delivery of material regarding Introduction to Waste Sorting and Management, the Practice of Managing Organic Waste into simple compost and inorganic waste into useful crafts for students.

This study aims to analyze the winning strategy of Maria Caecilia Stevi Harman in the 2024 election of members of the Regional Representative Council (DPD) of the Republic of Indonesia in East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT). As a newcomer and female politician, Stevi Harman managed to win the most votes, outperforming the incumbent candidates. The main focus of the research is to examine how it mobilizes the masses and builds effective political machines in local contexts. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection methods through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that Stevi Harman's winning strategy consists of four main steps: mission formulation, sub-strategy, goals, and target image. The practical strategies implemented include a direct and personal approach to voters, as well as the use of social media as a political communication tool. The success of the campaign was supported by Stevi's identity as a doctor, a politician's family background, and an authentic self-image that was close to the community. This research highlights the importance of adaptive communication strategies, the use of personal identity as political capital, and a relationship-based approach in winning voter votes. These findings contribute to the study of contemporary political strategies, especially in the context of non-partisan but competitive DPD member elections.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Indonesia’s National Cyber Security Strategy in responding to increasingly complex and dynamic digital threats. In the midst of the digital transformation era, Indonesia’s cyberspace is vulnerable to various serious threats, such as ransomware attacks, data leaks, and the spread of disinformation that can disrupt social and political stability. This research adopts a qualitative- descriptive approach with content analysis of national strategic documents, reports from the National Cyber and Crypto Agency (BSSN), and compares them with cybersecurity policies in ASEAN countries. The results revealed that although BSSN has designed a relatively robust policy and institutional framework, its implementation is still faced with various serious obstacles, including fragmented regulations, lack of coordination between agencies, and limitations in terms of human resources. This study uses Dunn’s (2023) policy evaluation framework, covering the dimensions of effectiveness, efficiency, responsiveness, equity and sustainability. The study recommends the need to strengthen governance involving various sectors, increase awareness and cyber literacy among the public, and develop national capacity through public private partnership. This evaluation is expected to serve as a basis for policy formulation to strengthen Indonesia’s digital resilience, especially in the face of the increasing complexity of cyber threats at the national level.

Stunting is one of the growth disorders that occur in childhood under two years. Stunting events can be influenced by two factors, namely direct factors and indirect factors. Based on data from the Tual City Health Office, the number of stunting cases in Tual City was recorded in 2021 as many as 308 cases and 74 cases in North Dullah District. The purpose of this study is to find out the picture of risk factors for stunting events in children aged 9-24 months in the puskesmas work area in North Dullah District of Tual City for the period 2021. This research is quantitative research, a type of observational descriptive research with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study was children aged 9 months to 24 months who experienced stunting and domiciled in North Dullah District for the 2021 period as many as 71 children and then given questionnaires to be filled out.  The data obtained is presented in the form of a table accompanied by explanations and arranged and grouped according to the purpose of the research. The results showed that in the North Dullah Health Center of Tual City, as many as 71 children aged 9-24 years experienced stunting, as many as 47 stunting children (66.2%) aged 9-24 months did not experience BBLR (not at risk), the sex of stunting children aged 9-24 months who were most found was male, namely as many as 47 children (66.2%), most children did not get exclusively breast milk, namely as many as 45 children (63.4%) and most children were immunized as many as 41.  children (57.7%). The most maternal education level is high school as many as 32 people (45.1%) and many parents' incomes are in the low category of 68 cases (95.8%).  

Anxiety is a common phenomenon that is a universal cause of poor academic performance among students worldwide. Anxiety can also have an impact on student learning. Bold learning carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic caused anxiety or pressure for some students which could result in confusion, decrease the ability to direct attention, decrease memory, and interfere with students' concentration. The purpose of this study was to describe the level of anxiety in the pre-clinical group of FK Unpatti, age, gender, place of residence, consuming alcoholic beverages. This research is a descriptive study using a cross-sectional approach which was conducted in September 2021. The number of respondents collected was 535 respondents based on total sampling. The analysis used is univariate analysis. The data obtained using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRS-A) questionnaire. The results of this study were obtained mostly in unhurried conditions based on the batch of 2020 (32.8%), class of 2019 (22.5%), class of 2018 (26.2%) and class of 2017 (18.5%). Based on age, namely at 17 years (1.2%), at 18 years (37.9%), at 19-20 years (28.3%), at 21 years (25.1%) and at 22 years ( 7.5%). Based on gender male (26.9%) and female (73.1%). Based on the place of residence with parents (50.8%) and not with parents (49.2%). Based on consuming alcoholic beverages (2.8%) and not consuming alcoholic beverages (97.2%). Research shows that there are variations in the level of anxiety in pre-clinical students of FK Unpatti who take courageous learning.

One approach the government employs to decorate public welfare, mainly among low-income families, is through social help initiatives. however, the subjectivity inside the choice process regularly ends in mistargeting all through implementation. This observe objectives to apply the ok-Nearest Neighbor (ok-NN) and Naive Bayes algorithms inside a decision support device to perceive eligible recipients based on community statistics. The ok-NN algorithm determines similarity by calculating the Euclidean distance among new and current facts, whilst the Naive Bayes set of rules utilizes a probabilistic method based at the likelihood of attribute incidence inside each elegance. Key criteria considered consist of household income, employment kind, number of dependents, housing conditions, and asset possession. Experimental consequences reveal that each algorithms are powerful in as it should be classifying eligibility for help, with k-NN barely outperforming Naive Bayes. therefore, the combination of these algorithms can support stakeholders in making extra goal and efficient selections regarding the distribution of social useful resource.

Currently, the use of data mining technology has become essential in enhancing business management efficiency, including in the trending coffee shop industry. Data mining allows business owners to analyze sales information in depth, enabling more accurate decision-making regarding inventory management, promotions, and sales strategies. This study aims to implement the Apriori algorithm to analyze sales data at Menrabic Coffee Shop. The Apriori algorithm is used to discover association patterns or relationships between products frequently purchased together by customers, which can assist management in providing inventory that aligns with customer preferences. The research method illustrates the detailed implementation process of the Apriori algorithm, starting from sales data collection, data cleaning, programming, and analysis of the results. The implementation uses web programming languages such as HTML, CSS, MySQL, and JavaScript, while back-end logic is programmed with PHP. The results of applying this algorithm reveal the most popular sales patterns among customers, providing valuable insights for management to improve operational performance and customer satisfaction. Therefore, this study demonstrates that applying data mining with the Apriori algorithm can be an effective tool for understanding consumer behavior and supporting data-driven decision-making at Menrabic Coffee Shop. By utilizing these insights, management can optimize inventory, enhance sales strategies, and ultimately increase overall business efficiency.

This research aims to analyze GoPay user sentiments on the X social media platform (formerly known as Twitter) using the Naive Bayes Classifier algorithm. Sentiment analysis was conducted to understand user perceptions and satisfaction levels towards GoPay digital payment services based on their shared comments and reviews. Data was collected through a tweet crawling process containing the keyword "GoPay" within a specific period. The research stages included data preprocessing (case folding, tokenizing, filtering, and stemming), sentiment labeling (positive, negative), word weighting using TF-IDF, and classification using the Naive Bayes algorithm. The results showed that from a total of 1,431 analyzed tweets, 797 data contained positive sentiments, and 643 data contained negative sentiments. With a classification accuracy rate reaching 82.94%. The most frequently positively commented factors included ease of use and offered promotions, while the main complaints were related to technical issues and customer service. This research provides insights for GoPay developers to improve services according to user feedback.  

The academic information system is a crucial element in managing academic data in higher education institutions. Universities require an efficient information system to manage student data, faculty, courses, and other academic administration. This study develops an SQLPage-based information system to provide a lightweight and user-friendly web-based solution. SQLPage enables the creation of web applications directly from a MySQL database without requiring complex programming. The research results show that this system can improve the efficiency of academic data management and ease of access to information for users

Research Method: The community and prospective parents have difficulty accessing information about TK Harapan Bunda because they often have to come directly to the school in the morning or meet the school outside of working hours. This hinders efficiency and is time-consuming for them, as well as burdening educators. Therefore, a modern solution is needed such as an official website or digital platform to facilitate access to information quickly and practically. Research Results: The purpose of implementing the system is to evaluate whether the developed system has met expectations. Through testing and implementation, the quality of the system can be assessed. Conclusion: Based on the research and implementation of the TK Harapan Bunda web-based Information System, it can be concluded that: a) The web-based information system provides easier and faster access for the community and prospective parents to obtain information about the school. b) The professionally designed website has succeeded in improving the image of TK Harapan Bunda with an attractive appearance and informative content, which promotes the school's excellent programs and achievements, thereby increasing the interest of prospective students and parental trust. c) The use of modern technology in the development of this system shows that TK Harapan Bunda is able to adapt to increasingly rapid digital developments.

Monitoring is an activity that examines a condition to obtain all necessary information. The outcomes monitoring can act as a guide for formulating strategies. Researchers found that in Kalembu Kaha Village, the monitoring of ongoing activities is still carried out traditionally, where the Kaur must go directly to the field to witness existing activities. Therefore, it is important to develop a monitoring system application so that all activities tracked instantaneously. In addition, this will facilitate effort Village Head to evaluate the progress of projects or activities carried out so that they can be on time. Through this research, was identified application, the Village Head can more easily monitor and supervise activities carried out by village officials. This allows the Village Head to evaluate and take action quickly and efficiently

Groundnut plants must be well maintained so that they can be food crops that have economic value and high fat and protein content. Many farmers still plant with the old pattern so that peanut plants are less fertile because they are affected by pests and other diseases. So with an expert system to diagnose peanut plants can help farmers or the general public in knowing the solution if experiencing problems or symptoms of this peanut plant. The application of the WP (weighted product) method can help the application become structured. From the results of the study, the expert system for diagnosing peanut plants can help many people for use as fundamental insights.

Assistance funds from the APBN through the West Sumba Regency APBD can be allocated to funds through the Village Financial System application. This financial system has been widely used by all village offices. However, the budget is used by the reports reported to the financial system. The purpose of the researcher is to assess the level of satisfaction with the utilization and documentation of financial resources. This study is conducted through the distribution of questionnaires to relevant respondents. Based primarily on the responses gathered from the questionnaires, the researcher employs the SPSS software as a tool for statistical data analysis. The results of the test found that all test results were valid, namely for reliable test values of 0.789, 0.779, and 0.805 through Cronbach Alpha.