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This study aims to analyze the factors that influence students' learning motivation in the Lathe Engineering subject in class XI of the Department of Machining Engineering at SMK Negeri 1 Padang. Several variables studied include learning interest, ideals, friendship environment, and family environment, each of which acts as an independent variable, while learning motivation functions as a dependent variable. The method used in this study is quantitative with a correlational approach, where the research sample consisted of 51 students selected using a saturated sampling technique, namely sampling that covers the entire population in the class. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire with a Likert scale that has been tested for validity and reliability to ensure that the measuring instrument used is able to extract accurate and consistent data. The data obtained were then analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques with the help of SPSS version 26 to determine the effect of each variable on student learning motivation. The results of the study indicate that partially, learning interest and friendship environment have a significant influence on student learning motivation. Students who have a high interest in the Lathe Engineering subject tend to have better learning motivation, and positive relationships with their friends also increase their enthusiasm for learning. In contrast, the variables of ideals and family environment did not show a significant influence on students' learning motivation in the context of this study. Although ideals and family support are often considered important factors in education, the results of this study indicate that external factors such as friendships are more dominant in influencing students' learning motivation. Simultaneously, all four variables significantly influenced students' learning motivation, with the friendship environment being the most dominant factor.

This study is motivated by the difficulty students face in understanding the concept of food chains, which is attributed to the conventional teaching methods still in use. Therefore, the researcher believes that the application of a new teaching model is expected to enhance student engagement in the teaching and learning process, ultimately improving learning outcomes. Natural Science is often considered difficult because of its many theories and the lack of variation in teaching methods, leading to poor student performance. Given these issues, an innovative teaching model is necessary. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on students' knowledge in the Natural Science subject. The research method used is an experimental method with a quasi-experimental design. The study population consists of 50 fifth-grade students, with 25 students in the experimental group and 25 students in the control group. The hypothesis tested is that there is an effect of the Problem-Based Learning model on Natural Science learning outcomes. The results of the study show that the Problem-Based Learning model has a significant effect on students' knowledge. This is evidenced by the t-test results, which show a t-value of 12.400, greater than the t-table value of 2.01. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Problem-Based Learning model positively affects the understanding of food chain concepts in fifth-grade students. The findings of this study are expected to be beneficial for teachers in improving the quality of their teaching, for students to better understand the material through more engaging methods, and for the school environment in developing innovative and effective teaching practices.

This study aims to assess the impact of using Talking Stick game as a learning media on students' learning outcomes and scientific communication skills in science lessons. This study was conducted using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, by analyzing various relevant previous studies from elementary to secondary education levels. The research findings indicate that the Talking Stick learning technique can significantly improve student learning outcomes. This model has also been proven effective in improving science communication skills, conceptual understanding, active participation, and students' courage to express opinions during the learning process. The Talking Stick method emphasizes collaboration and involvement between students in a fun and interesting atmosphere. The use of various supporting media, such as question cards, posters, audio visuals, and student worksheets (LKS), increases the effectiveness of this method. The use of alternating sticks in question and answer sessions encourages students to be more confident and actively involved in the learning process. This also provides benefits for the development of students' critical thinking skills and emotional skills, which are very much in line with the needs of learning in the 21st century. The findings of this Talking Stick model research are recommended as an innovative strategy in science learning. Teachers are advised to combine it with interesting learning media to make the learning process more meaningful and enjoyable. tested the effectiveness of this method in various educational conditions. Furthermore, consistent application of the Talking Stick method can create an inclusive learning environment that is responsive to individual student needs. In the context of science learning, which often demands understanding of abstract concepts and problem-solving, this method can bridge the gap between theory and practice through active and reflective interaction.

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Duolingo application in helping 10th-grade students at SMK Al-Kautsar Sriwijaya master English vocabulary. This research is based on the understanding that vocabulary is a crucial foundation in English language learning, and Duolingo's potential as an innovative digital learning tool. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental method, we compared two groups of students: one group learned using Duolingo (the experimental group) and the other used traditional methods (the control group). The subjects of this study were all 10th-grade students at SMK Al-Kautsar Sriwijaya for the 2024/2025 academic year. Two classes were specifically selected (purposive sampling) to be the experimental and control groups. To measure vocabulary mastery, both groups were given a pre-test and a post-test. The collected data were then quantitatively analyzed using an independent t-test to determine the difference in average post-test scores between the two groups. The analysis results showed a significant difference in vocabulary mastery between students who used Duolingo and those who did not. The experimental group's average post-test score was significantly higher. This demonstrates that the Duolingo application is effective in improving students' English vocabulary mastery. Therefore, Duolingo can be recommended as an innovative and engaging vocabulary learning tool for use in schools.

The study aims to analyze the relationship between learning discipline and students' critical thinking abilities in math learning. A quantitative approach with correlational survey methods is used in this study. Sample of 44 junior high school students selected through simple random sampling technique. Instruments used as lamps to measure learning discipline and tests to measure critical thinking ability. Data analysis was performed through Liliefors normality testing, Pearson correlation testing, and simple linear regression. The normality test results show that discipline learning data is normally distributed (Lo = 0.0995 < Ltable = 0.133), whereas critical thinking data is not normally distributed (Lo = 0.2266 > Ltable = 0.133). The correlation test results show the value of r = 0.211 and thitung = 1.423 < ttable = 1.683, meaning there is no significant relationship between learning discipline and critical thinking ability. The regression results also show the value of Fhitung = 2.15 < Ftabel = 4.08, which means there is no significant influence between learning discipline on critical thinking ability. Thus, that learning discipline does not affect significantly on students' critical thinking ability in math learning. This results in a more comprehensive learning approach to develop critical thinking skills.

Penelitian ini berjudul “Pengaruh Penggunaan Multimedia Interaktif Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Berdasarkan II Timotius 3:14-17 pada Mata Pelajaran PAK di SMK Negeri 3 Kota Bogor”. Skripsi ini mengkaji apakah adanya pengaruh dan sejauh mana penggunaan multimedia interaktif  berdasarkan II Timotius 3:14-17 diaplikasikan dalam konteks pendidikan saat ini untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PAK. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada realitas meningkatnya penggunaan teknologi terlebih multimedia interktif dalam dunia pendidikan. Namun, meskipun di SMK Negeri 3 Kota Bogor akses terhadap multimedia interaktif sangat tinggi namun dalam pembelajaran PAK kurang penggunaannya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat mengetahui dan menjelaskan penggunaan multimedia interaktif yang dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa dan menjelaskan manfaat yang akan diperoleh dengan adanya penggunaan multimedia interaktif berdasarkan II Timotius 3:14-17 serta dapat membuktikan bahwa dengan adanya penggunaan multimedia interaktif dapat mempengaruhi motivasi belajar siswa.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif melalui wawancara, observasi, dan angket. Implikasinya adalah peneliti telah menerapkan penggunaan multimedia interaktif dalam proses pembelajaran PAK di SMK Negeri 3 Kota Bogor, Pendidik memiliki kemampuan dalam mengelola kelas, menguasai materi dengan penggunaan multimedia interaktif, Mahasiswa STT Kadesi Bogor dapat menerapkan penggunaan multimedia interaktif dalam kegiatan di tempat tersebut, dan bagi peserta didik untuk menambah wawasan melalui membaca arya ilmiah ini sehingga menjadi sumber belajar supaya meningkatkan motivasi belajar.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat minat belajar siswa terhadap mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti di SMP Negeri 2 Cianjur. Minat belajar merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang memengaruhi keberhasilan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan melakukan observasi di kelas dan menggunakan google form sebagai media pengumpulan data. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswi Kristen kelas VII hingga IX dengan jumlah 8 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minat belajar siswa tinggi. Para siswa menunjukkan ketertarikan terhadap materi yang disampaikan, khususnya ketika metode pembelajaran yang digunakan bersifat interaktif dam kontekstual dengan kehidupan sehari-hari, siswa aktif bertanya di dalam kelas jika ada materi yang tidak dimengerti, siswa menunjukkan kedisiplinan dalam mengerjakan tugas belajar serta hadir ke sekolah tepat waktu. Dalam konteks pendidikan agama Kristen, minat belajar membantu siswa menghayati nilai-nilai iman, kasih dan tanggung jawab secara nyata dalam hidup.

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripisikan bagaimana kontribusi psikologi pendidikan bagi guru pendidikan agama Kristen. Guru adalah bagian terpenting dan menjadi salah satu faktor penentu untuk kesuksesan pendidikan. Namun, guru diperhadapakan pada berbagai masalah yang sangat kompleks seperti sikap, karakter, tindakan, tingkat kecerdasan, dan emosional dari  naradidik. Masalah tersebut menjadi tantangan dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan. Salah satu pendekatan kunci pemecahan masalah dalam pendidikan adalah lewat ilmu psikologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif untuk menganalisis data dari berbagai sumber buku, literatur dan jurnal kemudian diinterpretasikan dalam bentuk naratif atau deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa seorang guru pendidikan agama Kristen yang memanfaatkan ilmu psikologi dapat mengoptimalkan peran dan tugasnya sebagai guru sebab: Mampu mengembangkan tujuan pembelajaran; Penerapan metode belajar yang relevan; Mampu menciptakan lingkungan kelas yang kondusif; Penemuan potensi dan bakat peserta didik; Mampu memecahkan masalah; serta Menciptakan relasi yang baik lewat kemampuan komunikasi. Penelitian ini sangat relevan dengan urgensi pengetahuan psikologi bagi guru sehingga masalah-masalah dalam dunia pendidikan dapat diatasi secara tepat. Selain itu guru akan lebih peka pada kebutuhan peserta didik, lebih sistematis, serta mampu mewujudkan sistem pembelajaran yang lebih berkualitas, efektif dan relavan.

This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality and facilities on customer satisfaction at Tiki 0259 Outlet in Bekasi Regency. In the era of increasingly competitive logistics service industry, customer satisfaction is the key to the sustainability and growth of the company. Tiki 0259, as one of the providers of goods delivery services, must be able to maintain service quality and provide adequate facilities to maintain customer loyalty. The research method used is quantitative with a survey approach. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to customers who have used Tiki 0259 services in the last six months. Data analysis techniques used validity and reliability tests, multiple linear regression, and t-tests to test the influence of each independent variable on customer satisfaction as the dependent variable. The results showed that service quality and facilities had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. The test showed that the facility variable had a more dominant influence compared to service quality, evidenced by the t-value of 20.075 which was greater than the t-table of 2.021 and a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. This means that improved facilities, such as comfortable waiting rooms, comprehensive digital services, and easy access to information, have a direct impact on customer satisfaction. These findings indicate the importance of continued investment in facility improvements and staff training to enhance service. Tiki management is advised to continuously evaluate available facilities and ensure professional, prompt, and friendly customer service. This way, Tiki 0259 can maintain customer loyalty and increase its competitiveness in the delivery services market. This research also provides empirical support for customer satisfaction-based service development strategies in the local logistics sector.

This study aims to analyze the impact of Brand Ambassador, Website Quality, and Product Variety on Purchase Decisions in Shopee E-Commerce in Jakarta. The data used in this study is primary data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to Shopee users in Jakarta. The sampling technique used is Non-Probability Sampling, with the method being Accidental Sampling. The sample size taken was 103 respondents based on the Lemeshow formula. This study focuses on three key variables that are believed to have a significant impact on consumer purchase decisions. Brand Ambassador refers to public figures or celebrities who represent a particular brand and can influence consumers' perceptions of the products offered. The role of a Brand Ambassador is crucial because it can enhance the attractiveness and credibility of a product in the eyes of consumers. Website Quality includes aspects such as design, navigation, loading speed, and user-friendliness while shopping. A website that is easy to use, fast, and visually appealing will enhance user satisfaction, which in turn can encourage purchasing decisions. Product Variety is related to the range of products available on the e-commerce platform, offering consumers more choices to meet their needs. The more varied the products offered, the higher the likelihood that consumers will make a purchase. The analysis tool used in this study is SPSS version 26 for regression analysis. The research findings show that Brand Ambassador, Website Quality, and Product Variety have a significant effect on Purchase Decisions in Shopee E-Commerce in Jakarta. An attractive Brand Ambassador, a high-quality website, and a wide variety of products have been proven to influence consumers’ purchase decisions. These findings indicate that Shopee E-Commerce needs to continuously improve these factors to enhance consumer experience, strengthen loyalty, and increase sales.

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of product development, service quality, and pricing on sales volume at PT Indoqurma Sejahtera, East Jakarta. The background of this study is based on increasingly fierce business competition, especially in the trading industry, so companies need to identify factors that influence sales volume. This study uses a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through distributing questionnaires to 50 employees directly involved in marketing and sales activities, using a saturated sampling technique. The research instrument was tested for validity and reliability before use. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression using SPSS software version 19, which includes the classical assumption test, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination. The results show that the variables of product development and service quality do not have a significant influence on sales volume. This indicates that the company's product development efforts have not been fully able to increase market appeal or have not been in accordance with consumer needs. Similarly, the implemented improvements in service quality have not had a significant impact on increasing sales volume. In contrast, pricing has been shown to have a significant influence on sales volume. These findings indicate that consumers in PT Indoqurma Sejahtera's target market are highly price-sensitive, thus a competitive pricing strategy can be a key factor in driving sales. Based on these results, managerial implications include the need to reevaluate product development strategies and improve service quality to be more relevant to consumer needs and preferences. Furthermore, the company is advised to maintain and optimize its competitive pricing strategy to increase competitiveness and expand market share.  

This study aims to analyze the mediating role of motivation in the relationship between digital servant leadership and collaborative coworker relationships on employee engagement among Generation Z employees at CV. Anugrah Garment Wonogiri. The focus of this study was directed at Gen Z employees working in the sewing department, with a sample of 79 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. This study used a quantitative approach with primary data obtained through the distribution of closed questionnaires. The variables used in this study include digital servant leadership as the first independent variable, collaborative coworker relationships as the second independent variable, motivation as the mediating variable, and employee engagement as the dependent variable. The data analysis technique was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) through SmartPLS software version 4.0, which allows for the analysis of causal relationships between variables as well as simultaneous mediation tests. The results showed that digital servant leadership has a positive and significant correlation with employee engagement. Similarly, collaborative coworker relationships were shown to have a positive and significant correlation with employee engagement. In addition, motivation also has a positive and significant impact on employee engagement. Furthermore, digital servant leadership and collaborative coworker relationships each have a positive and significant impact on motivation. Furthermore, motivation has been shown to significantly mediate the influence of digital servant leadership on employee engagement, as well as collaborative coworker relationships and employee engagement. Therefore, it can be concluded that motivation plays a significant role as a mediator in strengthening the influence of leadership style and workplace social relationships on employee engagement, particularly among the younger generation working in the garment industry.

As the first principle of Pancasila, Belief in the One and Only God holds a fundamental position in shaping the moral and spiritual direction of the Indonesian nation. Divinity serves not only as an ideological foundation but also as an ethical guideline guiding individual behavior and national life. In the current global context, where secularism is rapidly advancing and encouraging a separation between religion and the public sphere, the relevance of divinity is even stronger. Uncontrolled secularism has the potential to weaken the moral foundations of society, erode social solidarity, and trigger a value crisis that threatens national integrity. Divinity serves as a counterbalance to global trends often dominated by materialistic and individualistic views. In this situation, strengthening divinity principles is a strategic necessity, both in the formulation of public policy, the national education system, and in the practice of social life. Public policies based on divinity can ensure that development does not merely pursue economic growth, but also pays attention to social justice, shared prosperity, and the preservation of human values. In education, internalizing religious values encourages the development of students' character with integrity, respect for diversity, and high moral awareness. Meanwhile, in the social realm, the application of these values strengthens tolerance, maintains harmony between religious communities, and affirms unity in diversity. This article emphasizes that religious values are not merely normative ideological symbols, but rather pillars of national integration capable of addressing the challenges of the times. By reviving the spirit of Belief in the One and Only God in every aspect of life, Indonesia can confront the influence of global secularism without losing its spiritual identity, while simultaneously building a just, civilized, and sustainable society. In addition, the application of religious values in Pancasila also has strategic relevance in Indonesia's cultural diplomacy and foreign policy.

The purpose of this community service (PkM) is to provide Mindfulness training to ANANDA PAUD teachers in RW.19 to improve their understanding of themselves regarding their physical and psychological well-being. Mindfulness training is a meditation method used to increase empathy both affectively, cognitively, morally, intrapersonally and interpersonally. The many activities and activities of teachers both at school and at home make teachers feel very tired. Teachers often feel dizzy, physically tired and lack focus on the teaching given. To prevent these things from continuing, the PkM team of the psychology faculty provides assistance to teachers by holding Mindfulness training which aims to maintain the mental state of teachers from the pressures that arise both at work and brought from home. The lack of understanding and self-skills possessed by the teachers makes them just resigned in carrying out their daily activities. This input prompted the PkM team to help find solutions for developing the self-skills of ANANDA PAUD teachers through Mindfulness Training. The process involved gathering the teachers in the RT.01 hall and providing them with materials to understand and practice Mindfulness, including lectures, stories, and practical exercises, as well as games and group discussions. The community service team hopes that these teachers will be able to understand the results of the training. This increased understanding of Mindfulness will improve their ability to focus and better understand themselves and their surroundings, enabling them to overcome all the challenges and obstacles that arise in their daily lives.

The purpose of this community service (PkM) is to provide Mindfulness training to ANANDA PAUD teachers in RW.19 to improve their understanding of themselves regarding their physical and psychological well-being. Mindfulness training is a meditation method used to increase empathy both affectively, cognitively, morally, intrapersonally and interpersonally. The many activities and activities of teachers both at school and at home make teachers feel very tired. Teachers often feel dizzy, physically tired and lack focus on the teaching given. To prevent these things from continuing, the PkM team of the psychology faculty provides assistance to teachers by holding Mindfulness training which aims to maintain the mental state of teachers from the pressures that arise both at work and brought from home. The lack of understanding and self-skills possessed by the teachers makes them just resigned in carrying out their daily activities. This input prompted the PkM team to help find solutions for developing the self-skills of ANANDA PAUD teachers through Mindfulness Training. The process involved gathering the teachers in the RT.01 hall and providing them with materials to understand and practice Mindfulness, including lectures, stories, and practical exercises, as well as games and group discussions. The community service team hopes that these teachers will be able to understand the results of the training. This increased understanding of Mindfulness will improve their ability to focus and better understand themselves and their surroundings, enabling them to overcome all the challenges and obstacles that arise in their daily lives.

The purpose of this community service is to provide assistance to MSMEs producing traditional cakes and tampah craftsmen in Karijawa Village, Dompu District, Dompu Regency. The assistance provided includes flavor innovations in traditional Dompu cakes and innovations in bamboo crafts other than tampah. These innovations aim to increase the competitiveness of local products in the wider market. This assistance also focuses on improving the quality of product packaging, considering that the still minimal packaging quality is one of the obstacles faced by partners. As part of this community service, we hope to provide solutions to the problems faced by MSME partners related to unattractive products and less than optimal packaging quality. The method used in this activity includes three main stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. The planning stage is carried out by identifying the problems faced by partners and selecting appropriate solutions. In the implementation stage, the selected solutions are implemented by providing training and direct assistance related to flavor innovations in traditional biruas beras cakes and bamboo woven product designs. The evaluation stage aims to assess the extent to which the implemented solutions have been effective and have a positive impact on MSME partners. The results of this community service activity indicate that MSME partners now have products with new flavors for their rice bran and a wider variety of woven bamboo products, in addition to winnowing baskets. Furthermore, product packaging has undergone significant improvements, increasing product appeal and meeting higher market standards.

This community service program aims to improve the quality of services at Puskesmas (community health centers) through intensive assistance in content creation and digital communication media. The main issue addressed is the low digital literacy among healthcare workers at Puskesmas in managing effective communication media to reach the public. This has led to low community participation in health programs run by Puskesmas. Therefore, this program is designed to enhance healthcare workers' skills in utilizing digital technology for health promotion and improving communication effectiveness with the public. The program implementation involves several stages: (1) an initial survey to assess the condition of existing communication media, (2) training on creating engaging and informative health education content, (3) workshops on graphic design and health promotion video creation, (4) guidance on using social media platforms to disseminate health information, and (5) continuous evaluation and monitoring to ensure the sustainability of the program. This activity involves 25 healthcare workers from 5 selected Puskesmas, with a mentoring duration of 6 months. The results show significant improvements, including: an increase in healthcare workers' ability to create digital content from 30% to 85%, a 200% increase in public engagement with health information, and a 150% increase in the coverage of health promotion services. Additionally, the program has produced 120 pieces of health education content, 15 health promotion videos, and 8 successful digital campaigns that have successfully enhanced public participation in health programs. The long-term impact of this program is the increased public awareness of preventive health and improved access to Puskesmas services. This program can also be replicated in other regions as a model for improving the quality of primary healthcare services through optimal use of digital technology, which can accelerate the achievement of national health development goals.

The production of pharmaceutical sterile products requires strict procedures to minimize the risk of microbial, particulate and pyrogen contamination that can be harmful to the user's health. The selection of the right sterilization method is the key to achieving the desired stability of the final product. Filtration sterilization is one of the oldest methods used for pharmaceutical sterile products. There are two types of feed flow in the method, namely through flow filtration and tangential flow filtration. This review article is prepared through literature search and download of national or international journals with inclusion or exclusion criteria that have been set. Literature sources are accessed online from various sites such as Google Scholar and Pubmed in the range of 2014-2024. The keywords used for journal searches are sterilization, through flow filtration, and tangential flow filtration. This review article reviews and compares the two methods to understand the differences, mechanism of action, and research objectives based on the review article on membrane filtration sterilization. This review aims to provide a better insight into the advantages and disadvantages of each membrane filtration sterilization method, as well as guidance in choosing the appropriate method based on the characteristics of the product to be sterilized. The results showed that through flow filtration is more commonly used in small volume and batch processes because of its simple design, but has limitations in reducing membrane fouling. In contrast, tangential flow filtration allows for continuous processing of larger volumes, with the advantage of minimizing particle build-up on the membrane surface, thus extending membrane life. The choice of method is also influenced by factors such as particle size, viscosity of the solution, sensitivity to heat, as well as operating costs. An in-depth understanding of the Working Principle and application of each method is essential for the pharmaceutical industry to ensure the quality, safety and efficiency of the production process. Thus, this review is expected to be a reference for researchers and practitioners in determining the optimal filtration sterilization strategy according to product needs.

Futsal is a high-intensity team sport that requires a combination of speed, agility, and physical endurance, particularly cardiorespiratory endurance. Cardiorespiratory endurance is crucial because it directly relates to a player's ability to maintain optimal performance throughout a match, particularly when facing fast-paced and stressful play. Therefore, variables that can influence this ability, such as body composition and nutritional status, are crucial in developing athlete performance. One indicator that can be used to measure nutritional status and body composition is the Body Mass Index (BMI), which is obtained by measuring weight and height. BMI not only reflects whether a person is within the ideal weight range but also potentially influences the efficiency of the body's organs, including the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. In the context of futsal, players with a higher BMI tend to have a higher body weight, which can hinder movement efficiency and increase fatigue during matches. Conversely, players with a lower BMI may have insufficient energy reserves and muscle mass to maintain stamina during matches. This study shows a significant negative relationship between BMI and cardiorespiratory endurance in futsal players at Bali International University. The results of statistical tests using the Spearman rank correlation method showed a correlation coefficient (r) of -0.504 with a significance value of p = 0.005. This indicates that the higher a player's BMI, the lower their cardiorespiratory endurance tends to be. These findings support the importance of ideal body weight management in futsal athlete training, both through dietary adjustments and measured physical exercise programs.

This study aims to explore the relationship between work motivation and discipline on the performance achievement of Catholic Religious Education (PAK) teachers in the Semarang region. The research uses a quantitative survey approach, collecting data from 15 PAK teachers through a validated questionnaire. The instruments used to measure work motivation are based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs for the motivational aspect, while discipline is measured using indicators developed by Rivai, and performance achievement is evaluated based on parameters defined by Robbins. The findings show that motivational drive contributes 50.5% to performance achievement (R² = 0.505, p = 0.003). This indicates that work motivation has a significant impact on performance, although its contribution is lower compared to discipline. In contrast, discipline contributes more significantly to performance achievement, accounting for 66.2% (R² = 0.662, p = 0.000). This suggests that discipline is a more dominant factor in improving the performance of Catholic Religious Education teachers, as discipline is critical in achieving optimal performance. Simultaneous analysis reveals that the combination of motivation and discipline explains 72.6% of the variation in performance achievement (R² = 0.726, F = 13.893, p = 0.000). This result indicates that both variables are significantly related to performance achievement when considered together. However, partial tests show that only discipline has a significant independent impact on teacher performance, with p = 0.121, while motivation does not have a significant effect when considered separately. This study concludes that discipline functions as the main mediator in the relationship between work motivation and performance achievement. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen discipline in efforts to improve teacher performance, particularly in the context of Catholic Religious Education.