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Biblical doctrine is the theological foundation of the Christian faith. This research uses a library study method by reviewing various theological literature and the Bible as the main source. Biblical doctrine includes the concepts of the sufficiency, inspiration, and canonization of the Bible. Biblical sufficiency states that the Bible provides everything necessary for Christian faith and life, while biblical inspiration asserts that Biblical texts were inspired by the Holy Spirit. Bible canonization describes the process by which the books of the Bible are recognized as the authoritative Word of God. This research aims to strengthen understanding of Bible doctrine and emphasize the importance of returning to the Bible as the main source in Christian life.

Salvation theology, or soteriology, is one of the fundamental doctrines in religious life. Every religion has a concept of salvation that answers questions about meaning, how to achieve it, as well as who saves and how someone can be saved. In the context of Christian theology, which is Trinitarian, soteriology is considered a development of creation theology. This doctrine emphasizes that salvation is a gift revealed by God as Savior from the beginning of creation. As part of theological studies, soteriology seeks to systematically explain the meaning of the human condition of being happy and good in unity with God after being free from any threat. Various concepts in the church tradition, such as grace, faith, justification, the church, the sacraments, and the saving work of Christ, play an important role in the understanding of salvation. With a broad scope, soteriology covers all aspects of human relationship with God.    

The learning process involves interaction between teachers and students to achieve effective and efficient educational goals. Learning media plays an important role in improving students' understanding and attracting their interest and attention to the material being taught. In today's digital era, the development of information and communication technology has made it possible to use various types of learning media, such as videos, animations, and interactive applications, which makes the learning process more interesting and enjoyable. This study aims to analyze internal and external factors that affect the effectiveness of the use of technology-based learning media on student learning motivation. The method used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach, involving students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education study program. The results of the study show that the use of interactive learning media, especially videos, is very effective in improving students' understanding of concepts and stimulating their active involvement in the learning process. The availability of media that suits the needs of students and learning goals is essential to create a fun and productive learning atmosphere. The selection of the right learning media, based on student needs and learning objectives, can significantly improve the quality of education. The use of technology in education, especially technology-based media, provides opportunities to create a better learning experience, encourage student motivation, and achieve more optimal learning outcomes.

Exploration of ethnomathematics in the context of flat geometry, especially triangles, in traditional Batak Toba clothing, is an interesting and important study. This study aims to reveal the relationship between mathematical concepts and local culture, and how geometric elements can be found in the design of Sortopi traditional clothing. This research method uses a qualitative approach with data sources, namely library studies, from several literature reviews according to the topic and purpose of the study. The results of the study show that Sortopi is a complement to traditional Batak clothing used by men as a crown or headband. The shape of Sortopi contains elements of isosceles triangle flat geometry, thus showing that cultural elements are inseparable from mathematics.

This research was conducted to design Plaza Utama Al-Amin Living Lab and Industrial Park in Sampe Cita Village, Kutalimbaru District to fulfill the space needs and requirements. The design of Al-Amin Main Plaza Living Lab and Industrial Park in Sampe Cita Village, Kutalimbaru District can create the flexibility of the desired space and shape. Plaza is a word derived from Spanish which has a meaning related to “field”. Plaza can be described as an open space for the public (public space) that can be found in urban areas or a region. Sustainable architecture, also known as green architecture, is an architectural concept that seeks to minimize the negative impact of the building environment with efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and development space and ecosystem at large. The development of Al-Amin Living Lab and Industrial Park is adjusted to the plans and concepts that have been made. The detailed design of the area to be created must follow the rules of the concept of sustainability and local wisdom. Every building that will be built in this area must have an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient concept. The design of the Main Plaza of Al-Amin Living Lab and Industrial Park follows the rules of sustainable architectural design. This is shown by the use of environmentally friendly materials and designs that are in harmony with the environment. The design concept of the Main Plaza of Al-Amin Living Lab and Industrial Park also refers to the masterplan of the area that has been made before.

This research aims to analyze the ability of Unimed FMIPA Mathematics students in solving absolute value inequalities with the help of the Python program. The problem faced is that students often have difficulty solving inequality problems manually. The purpose of this research is to see the effectiveness of using Python in helping to solve absolute value inequalities and how it affects understanding of mathematical concepts. The method used was qualitative research with a sample of 20 fifth semester students of the Mathematics Study Program, FMIPA, Medan State University. Students are given absolute value inequality problems to solve manually and with the help of Python. Data was collected through online tests and questionnaires using Google Form. The research results show that the majority of students feel that using Python is very helpful in solving absolute value inequalities. As many as 95% of students consider Python to be effective in making it easier to solve mathematical problems and increasing understanding of the concept of absolute value.

Maahad Tahfiz Al-Qur’an Darul Falah, Selangor, Malaysia, is an institution focused on Qur’an memorization for female students. Due to their intense activities, including memorization requiring high concentration, balanced nutrition is essential for supporting their academic performance and health. However, their nutritional intake has not been fully optimized. Initial observations indicated that some students have limited knowledge of balanced nutrition, which may affect their health and nutritional status. This community service program aimed to raise awareness about the importance of balanced nutrition through education, nutritional status checks, and counseling. The program included three main activities: (1) Nutrition education through lectures and interactive sessions, covering basic concepts of balanced nutrition, the food pyramid, and guidelines from the Ministry of Health Malaysia; (2) Nutritional status checks through height and weight measurements to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI), identifying students' nutritional categories and related issues; and (3) Nutritional counseling, conducted after the status checks, teaching students how to achieve or maintain an ideal weight and offering advice on healthy eating and lifestyle habits. The program, which involved 40 students, found that 60% of them had a normal nutritional status, while some were underweight (12.5%), overweight (20%), and obese (7.5%). The education and counseling sessions helped improve the students' understanding of the importance of balanced nutrition and provided guidance on how to maintain or achieve a healthy weight, supporting their overall health and academic.

Students often have difficulty understanding the concepts of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS), especially at the elementary school level. This difficulty is caused by the lack of variety of learning methods that are capable and attract students to actively participate in learning activities. The aim of this research is to determine the improvement in learning outcomes of class IV C students in the elastic movement material in science and science lessons. This research applies the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model which uses Mystery Box media. This research uses the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method which consists of two cycles. The instruments used include pretest and posttest as well as observation sheets. The data was analyzed descriptively quantitatively to measure the increase in learning outcomes from one cycle to the next. The research results show that implementing PjBL with Mystery Box media improves student learning outcomes. In the first cycle, there was significant improvement, although some students had not reached the target. In the second cycle, learning outcomes continued to improve, with the majority of students reaching or exceeding the KKM. The percentage obtained from the pretest and posttest results was from 56.73% to 74.62%.  

This study examines the effectiveness of traditional games as a method of physical education learning in elementary schools. Traditional games, such as engklek, gobak sodor, bentengan, and petak umpet, not only serve as entertainment but also contribute to enhancing students' motor, social, and emotional skills. The research method used is a literature study, with thematic analysis to identify patterns and concepts from various related sources. The results show that traditional games can increase student active participation, create an inclusive and enjoyable learning atmosphere, and preserve local cultural values. Therefore, it is highly recommended that traditional games be included in the physical education curriculum to promote the overall growth of children.

This study investigates the impact of contextual problem-solving on students' mathematical reasoning abilities, comparing it to traditional problem-solving exercises. The study employs a quasi-experimental design with two groups: an experimental group exposed to contextual problem-solving activities and a control group using conventional methods. The experimental group demonstrated a 24% improvement in their mathematical reasoning abilities compared to the control group. Contextual problem-solving, which integrates real-world problems into the learning process, was found to be more engaging and effective in promoting deeper understanding and application of mathematical concepts. The study highlights the benefits of contextual learning in making abstract mathematical concepts more tangible and relatable to students. The findings suggest that by connecting mathematical knowledge to real-world scenarios, students develop stronger reasoning skills and improve their problem-solving capabilities. Moreover, the study recommends incorporating more contextual problem-solving exercises into curricula and providing teachers with training on how to implement these strategies effectively. It also suggests that future research explore the long-term effects of contextual problem-solving on other learning areas, such as critical thinking and creative problem-solving. This approach not only enhances students' mathematical reasoning but also fosters a more engaging and meaningful learning environment, thus preparing students to apply their mathematical knowledge in real-life situations.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR) media in improving students' understanding of atomic structure. The background of this study is based on the importance of innovation in chemistry learning to improve students' engagement and understanding of concepts. The method used is an experiment with a pretest-posttest design, where students are divided into control and experimental groups. The results showed that the use of AR significantly improved students' understanding compared to conventional methods. These findings indicate that AR technology can be an effective tool in chemistry education to strengthen abstract concepts. The implications of this study indicate the need for technology integration in the learning process to improve the quality of science education.

This study aims to analyze the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) models on student learning outcomes in the material of force and motion. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of junior high school students who were divided into an experimental group with the PBL model and a control group with conventional learning. The results showed that students who learned with the PBL model had a deeper understanding of concepts and were able to apply concepts in solving everyday problems compared to the control group. The implications of this study confirm that the application of PBL can improve students' learning outcomes and critical thinking skills in physics learning.

This study investigates the effectiveness of the Guided Inquiry Learning (GIL) model in enhancing students' scientific literacy, particularly in the domain of energy and its transformation. The primary aim of the research was to assess the impact of GIL on students' understanding of complex scientific concepts related to energy, focusing on energy types, transformations, and the conservation law. The GIL model, characterized by active learning, student-centered inquiry, and structured guidance, was implemented through hands-on experiments, observations, and collaborative discussions. The results of the study revealed a significant improvement in scientific literacy, with a 25% increase in post-test scores. The findings suggest that GIL fosters greater student engagement and critical thinking compared to traditional lecture-based methods. Students demonstrated increased confidence and a deeper understanding of energy concepts, making connections between theoretical knowledge and real-world applications. Despite challenges such as time constraints and resource limitations, these obstacles were addressed by adjusting schedules and incorporating virtual simulations to enhance the learning experience. Student feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with participants expressing appreciation for the hands-on nature of the model and the opportunities for peer learning. This study underscores the effectiveness of GIL in improving scientific literacy and suggests that its application could extend to other scientific topics, providing a flexible framework for fostering inquiry and understanding in various educational contexts. Future research is recommended to explore the long-term impact of GIL on other science disciplines and evaluate its broader applicability across different educational settings.

In class VI.A students, there are still many students having difficulty in doing statistics problems. Therefore, this research needs to be done in order to find out the learning obstacles experienced by grade VI students of SDN 6 Palembang on statistics material. Learning obstacle is divided into three types, namely ontogenic obstacle, didactial obstacle, and epistemological obstacle. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. The instruments used in this study consisted of learning obstacle diagnostic tests, interviews, material analysis, lesson plan analysis, and textbook analysis and students of grade VI.A SDN 6 Palembang as the subjects in this study who were respondents who carried out learning obstacle diagnostic tests and interviews. Learning obstacles can be found based on the results of the analysis of learning obstacle diagnostic tests, interviews with homeroom teachers and students of class VI.A, lesson plan analysis and textbook analysis. The results of this study found learning obstacles, namely ontogenic obstacles such as lack of interest in learning mathematics and lack of student activeness in learning, didactical obstacles such as learning resources that are still limited and epistemological obstacles, namely lack of understanding of statistical concepts.

The implementation of STEM-based learning in biology education aims to enhance students' scientific literacy by integrating interdisciplinary approaches. This study investigates the effectiveness of STEM-based learning in improving students' understanding of biological concepts, problem-solving skills, and critical thinking. A quasi-experimental method was employed with a pre-test and post-test design involving high school students. The results indicate a significant improvement in students' scientific literacy, as evidenced by higher post-test scores and increased engagement in learning activities. The study highlights the potential of STEM-based learning to foster deeper comprehension and practical application of biological knowledge. These findings suggest that integrating STEM approaches in biology education can effectively support scientific literacy development among students.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)-based learning models in improving students' understanding of thermodynamic concepts. The research method used is a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. The subjects of the study were high school students who were divided into experimental and control classes. The results showed that the STEM approach can significantly improve students' conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills compared to conventional learning models. The implication of this study is the need for integration of the STEM approach in physics learning in order to improve the quality of education in the modern era.

Understanding the concept of chemical bonds is a fundamental aspect in chemistry learning at the high school level. However, many students have difficulty in understanding this concept in depth. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the guided inquiry method in improving the understanding of the concept of chemical bonds. The method used was an experiment with a control group design, where one group was taught with the guided inquiry method, while the other group used the conventional method. The results showed that students who learned with the guided inquiry method had a better understanding of the concept compared to the control group. This finding indicates that the application of the guided inquiry method can be an effective strategy in improving the quality of chemistry learning in schools.

This study aims to examine the effect of project-based learning on students' critical thinking skills in studying ecology. The background of this study is the need for innovative learning methods that can improve students' analytical skills in understanding ecological concepts. The method used is experimental research with a pretest-posttest design. Data were collected through observation and critical thinking skills tests before and after learning. The results showed a significant increase in students' critical thinking skills after the implementation of project-based learning. These findings indicate that project-based learning can be an effective strategy in improving students' critical thinking skills in biology education.

The rapid advancement of technology has transformed many aspects of life, including education. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of learning. One promising technology is Augmented Reality (AR), which offers interactive elements to clarify complex concepts. Based on conversations with a history teacher at SMK Media Informatika, the teaching methods currently used tend to be traditional. Therefore, an AR-based history learning application focusing on the Ancient Mataram Kingdom in Indonesia was developed using the ADDIE Method. This application was created using Unity 3D and the C# programming language. It serves as an interesting addition for students, aiming to increase their interest in learning. The hope is that this research will significantly contribute to the history learning process, providing innovative, effective, and enjoyable media.  

This bacterial morphology observation training was conducted for grade X students at SMA Negeri 1 Parigi Tengah. The main problem faced was the lack of knowledge and skills of students in the field of microbiology, especially in identifying bacterial morphology. The purpose of this activity was to improve students' understanding of basic biological concepts and practical skills in bacterial observation. The methods used included delivering material on the principles and techniques of bacterial morphological characterization, as well as direct practice using microscopes and Gram staining techniques. The results showed that students successfully identified Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in the form of cocci with Gram positive and Bacillus sp. in the form of bacilli with Gram negative. This activity has proven effective in improving students' understanding and skills in microbiology, as well as encouraging their interest in studying biology further