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The utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare services and medical diagnosis in Indonesia has grown rapidly alongside the digital transformation of the health sector. AI technology has been employed to improve service efficiency, accelerate diagnostic processes, and enhance disease detection accuracy, particularly through medical imaging and ECG data analysis. Algorithms such as K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Chi-Square have shown effectiveness in heart disease classification. However, despite its benefits, AI implementation presents legal challenges. The absence of specific regulations regarding legal liability in cases of AI-based diagnostic errors creates uncertainty for both medical professionals and patients. Additionally, the lack of national standards, weak patient data protection, and digital literacy gaps present significant obstacles. Adaptive policies, the establishment of dedicated regulations, and collaboration between government, medical practitioners, technology developers, and academics are essential to develop a legal framework that accommodates AI advancements responsibly. With clear legal certainty, AI technology can be optimally utilized to support more inclusive and high-quality healthcare services.

It is impossible to disentangle customary law from the fabric of a community as it is an integral aspect of society as a whole.  The national legal system in Indonesia also develops as society evolves in response to shifting social, cultural, economic, and political demands.  Through the lens of positive legislation and field practices, this study adopts a juridical-sociological method to better understand how indigenous people's rights are legally protected in environmental management.  By taking a legal stance, we may analyse the constitutional guarantees and statutes that protect indigenous peoples' rights from 1945 forward.  At the same time, the sociological method seeks to understand indigenous populations' experiences with, reactions to, and advocacy for their right to a sustainable environment in light of these legislative obligations.  The 1945 Constitution guarantees, in Article 18B paragraph (2).

Fraud in the buying and selling of projects and jobs is becoming more common and is causing unrest in society. The method used by the wrongdoers often involves making false promises and tricking others to gain personal benefits illegally. This study aims to look into how Article 378 of the Criminal Code applies to a fraud case in the buying and selling of projects and jobs in South Lampung, focusing on the Tanjung Karang District Court decision Number 467/PID.B/2023/PN TJK. The study uses a legal method that focuses on laws and specific case studies. Data were collected through literature reviews and examination of relevant court decisions. According to the discussion results, it is clear that the crime of fraud elements, as described in Article 378 of the Criminal Code, are present in this case. The accused was found to have committed deceit and told a series of lies that caused the victim to suffer financial losses. The court ruled that the accused was guilty and gave a sentence that matched the actions taken. The use of Article 378 of the Criminal Code in this case is seen as appropriate, providing protection for the victim and discouraging the offender. The conclusion of this study is that criminal law can effectively address fraud in the buying and selling of projects and jobs if there is strong evidence and proper legal procedures.

This study aims to determine the effect of the team quiz learning model on student learning motivation in social studies class VII at MTsN 2 Tulungagung. This study uses an associative type quantitative research approach. This study sets four problem formulations where the motivation variable is reduced to four indicators, namely attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction. The sample used in this study consisted of 32 class B students and 32 class C students. The technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The results of the study showed that the team quiz learning model had a significant effect on student attention with a sig value. (2-tailed) 0.003<0.05. Team quiz learning has a significant effect on the relevance of student learning with a sig value. (2-tailed) 0.023<0.05. Team quiz learning has a significant effect on student confidence with a sig value. (2-tailed) 0.000<0.05. Team quiz learning has a significant effect on student satisfaction with a sig value. (2-tailed) 0.030<0.05. Thus it can be concluded that the team quiz learning model has a significant effect on learning motivation which is reduced to four indicators, namely attention, relevance, confidence, and student satisfaction.

Learning media are physical tools that deliver information or learning materials to students. Educational videos have become one of the aids used in teaching and learning activities. These videos can support the learning process by conveying materials through the use of technology. Therefore, the researcher was interested in developing a medium that can be both heard and seen by students to help them better understand the subject matter. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Borg & Gall development model, which consists of ten development steps. The development process included initial information gathering, planning, initial product development, expert validation tests, initial product revisions, small-scale testing, second product revisions, large-scale field testing, final product refinement, and product dissemination. The results showed that the validity test of the learning media yielded a percentage of 94% from media experts, 96% from subject matter experts, 94% from language experts, and 94% from teachers. Meanwhile, the product effectiveness test using a Paired Sample T-Test showed a significance value of 0.000, which is lower than the threshold of 0.05. This indicates that the alternative hypothesis is accepted, proving a significant difference in student learning outcomes before and after using the educational video. Therefore, it can be concluded that the educational video on "Human Needs and Resource Scarcity" for Grade VII Social Studies is valid according to experts and effective in improving student learning outcomes.

Wayang Orang Sriwedari is a traditional Javanese theater performance that adapts the stories in the puppet show which has been established since 1911. The existence of the Sriwedari Wayang Orang Building cannot be separated from the role of a public relations in creating a Marketing Public Relations Strategy. The results of the research conducted show that the public relations of the Sriwedari Wayang Orang Building uses a three-way strategy analysis consisting of pull strategy, push strategy, and pass strategy. In these three strategies, the pull strategy is the most done, which is 7 ways. While in the push strategy there are 4 ways and the pass strategy is 4 ways.The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. The data sources in this study are primary data and secondary data. The data collection techniques used are interviews, documentation, and observation. Researchers distributed questioners to find out the level of brand awareness as an achievement of the three strategies that have been carried out. Data analysis is obtained in the field with stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Of the three strategies that have been carried out by public relations of the Sriwedari Wayang Orang Building, the main problem is that the level of brand awareness is still at the level of unaware of the brand with the achievement of a pull strategy of 74%, push strategy 90%, and pass strategy 80%In order for the uploads made by Sriwedari Wayang Orang Building to be understood, an explanation is needed so that it can be fully understood by the reader.

This research discusses the impact of smartphone use on the academic performance of 11th-grade students at SMAN 1 Suak Tapeh. The development of technology, especially the use of smartphones, has a significant impact on people's lives, including in the field of education. The use of smartphones can have both positive and negative effects on students' academic performance. The research adopts a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Primary data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, while secondary data were obtained from relevant documents or archives. The findings reveal that smartphones have positive effects, such as facilitating access to learning materials, enhancing creativity, and broadening knowledge. However, uncontrolled smartphone use can lead to negative effects, such as addiction, sleep disturbances, decreased concentration, and diminished quality of social interactions. This study is expected to provide insights into the benefits and risks of smartphone use in supporting students' learning processes and offer recommendations for schools in designing policies related to smartphone use among students.

This study aims to examine the types and functions of code mixing used by Boy William in his YouTube videos. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed to analyse the linguistic data collected from four selected videos on his channel. The findings revealed that four types of code mixing were present in Boy William’s speech: unit insertion, unit hybridization, sentence insertion, and reduplication. A total of 23 instances of code mixing were identified across the selected videos, with the following distribution: 10 cases of unit insertion, 4 of unit hybridization, 8 of sentence insertion, and 1 of reduplication. Additionally, seven functions of code mixing were identified, including expressing emotion, asserting status, showing pride, enhancing clarity, making jokes, fulfilling communicative needs, and reflecting prestige. Based on this research, it can be concluded that code mixing is a common feature in Boy William’s YouTube content, serving various social and communicative purposes. The findings of this study offer an implication, particularly in the fields of sociolinguistics in which in sociolinguistics perspective, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how multilingual speakers use code mixing as a communicative strategy in informal digital platforms like YouTube.

This research explores Ōta Shōgo’s The Water Station using a biographical lens, concentrating on three key aspects of absurdist theater: the Anti-Hero, Anti-Dialogue, and Anti-Climax. Breaking away from conventional storytelling methods, the play introduces a cast of anonymous characters who move gradually and silently across the stage, briefly stopping at a leaking water pipe. These characters represent the Anti-Hero—individuals lacking a distinct purpose, choice, or identity. The performance's lack of spoken words introduce a powerful Anti-Dialogue component, substituting conversation with silence and physical gestures, which symbolically mirrors the playwright’s experiences of trauma and disillusionment following the war. Moreover, the story does not follow a typical climax or conclusion, utilizing Anti-Climax to highlight the meaningless repetition inherent in human life. Through an examination of Ōta’s personal history—especially his experiences of displacement during World War II and his interest in the concepts of time, slowness, and stillness—this paper illustrates how these influences shaped the play's form and tone. The study emphasizes that non-Western absurdist art can arise from deeply personal and historical backgrounds. Ultimately, The Water Station creates a reflective theatrical experience where silence communicates more than spoken words, encouraging viewers to engage with the themes of emptiness, ambiguity, and the quiet beauty of existence.

This study aims to analyze the forms and functions of abbreviations in local news texts covering the “Pertamax Oplos” issue during the period of February to April 2025. The main focus is on two types of abbreviations initialisms and acronyms which are frequently used in local online media such as Jawa Pos Radar Solo, Detiknews, and AntaraNews. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method, using observation and note-taking techniques to identify abbreviation forms in written texts. The findings reveal 20 abbreviation data points, consisting of 13 initialisms and 7 acronyms, consistently used in headlines, leads, and the body of the news. The use of abbreviations not only reflects linguistic efficiency in journalistic writing but also demonstrates how local media adapt to the demands of fast, concise, and easily comprehensible communication. These findings emphasize the significant role of abbreviations in shaping the language style of local media and highlight their importance in modern linguistic practices within digital contexts. This study is expected to contribute to applied linguistic research and support effective media writing practices.

Islamic education plays an important role in forming perfect human beings through the integration of character values ​​and aqidah in the learning process. In the context of basic education, this integration is becoming increasingly relevant amidst the challenges of globalization and digital influences that can disrupt the formation of students' morals. This study aims to examine the strategy of integrating character and moral education in Islamic learning, both in face-to-face and online learning, and to evaluate its impact on the development of students' personalities. The method used is library research by analyzing relevant academic literature, both in the form of books, journals, and scientific articles. The results of the study indicate that effective integration of character and aqidah education requires the active role of teachers as role models, an adaptive curriculum, and a school environment that supports Islamic values. However, challenges such as lack of teacher training, unsystematic evaluation, and the influence of digital culture are obstacles that need to be overcome. In conclusion, the integration of character and aqidah education in Islamic learning has been proven to have a positive impact on the formation of students' morals and personalities, but its success is highly dependent on a holistic evaluation approach and the involvement of all parties, including teachers, parents, and the community.

Palm wine (tuak) is a traditional fermented beverage that is prone to microbial contamination, thus requiring natural alternatives with antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Curcuma xanthorrhiza (temulawak) extract in inhibiting microbial growth in tuak samples. The method used was the disc diffusion test with three extract concentrations, 25%, 50%, and 100%. The tuak samples were first femented, serially diluted, and inoculated on Nutrient Agar (NA). Sterile paper discs soaked in each extract were placed on the medium surface and incubated at room temperature for 24 hours. The results showed no visible inhibition zones around the discs at any concentration tested. The conclusion of this study is that temulawak extract at concentrations of 25–100% did not demonstrate antibacterial activity against microorganisms in tuak samples. This study serves as a foundational evaluation of natural antibacterial agents and highlights the need for further optimization of extraction techniques or targeted testing on specific bacterial isolates.

This study aims to identify the numeracy ability of grade I students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Based on Cognitive Level. The research method used is quantitative with a descriptive approach. The population used by all students of MIN 4 Medan. Sampling from the population used the Issac Michael technique which obtained a result of 249 from the entire population. Furthermore, samples were taken using cluster sampling which was specifically for classes I, A and I B, a total of 56. The test instrument is in the form of an objective description of the "filling" and the results are in the form of scores. The data analysis in this study is a descriptive quantitative data analysis. The results showed the numeracy ability of students in class I MIN 4 Medan, namely: 1) the level of remembering for the "high" category was 37 students or 75.51%; for the "medium" category: there are 4 students or 8.16%; and the "low" category there are 8 students or 16.32%. 2) the level of understanding for the "high" category was 28 students or 57.41%; the "medium" category has 16 students or 32.65%; and the "low" category there are 5 students or 10.20%. 3) the application rate for the "high" category was 18 students or 36.73%; the "medium" category has 29 students or 59.18%; and the "low" category has 2 students or 4.08%. The implication in this study is to increase the practice of contextual questions and carry out game-based learning.

The purpose of this research is to examine how production costs factor into producer choices, particularly those pertaining to output volume, selling price estimation, and company growth strategies.  The research examined micro and small business players in Kediri Regency, East Java, employing a descriptive quantitative technique.  The findings demonstrate that the production cost structure, particularly the preponderance of variable costs, considerably affects the quantity of output and the margin for price adjustment.  It has additionally been demonstrated that saving money encourages manufacturers to take risks and grow their companies.  Moreover, management accounting-based cost tracking, waste reduction, and sourcing local raw materials are all cost management tactics that impact a company's strength and ability to compete.  Producers' long-term strategic decision-making is therefore influenced by effective production cost management, which in turn affects operational sustainability.

This study is secondary data sourced from the publication of financial reports and annual reports on the website www.ojk.go.id. Hypothesis results Based on the phenomenon of ROA, NPL, LDR graphs showing fluctuating NPL and CAR results in the 2020-2024 period still show fluctuating results in the 2020-2024 period. The lack of openness, ineffective supervision carried out by the Institution on managers will result in financial manipulation by managers which will later affect the decline in the company's financial performance. Insufficient DKI supervision causes GCG not to run optimally. Weak DD performance is indicated by the absence of openness principles between DD and shareholders. The existence of fraudulent practices, one of which arises from the performance of the KA which is dishonest or not independent.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Online Customer Review and Online Customer Rating on the Loyalty of Gen Z consumers on the Shopee e-commerce platform in Medan City. The research method used is quantitative with a sample size of 55 respondents. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS version 26. Validity and reliability tests indicated that the research instruments were valid and reliable. Classical assumption tests, including normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity, were met. The regression analysis results showed that Online Customer Review and Online Customer Rating have a positive and significant effect on Consumer Loyalty, both partially and simultaneously. The Adjusted R Square value of 0.263 indicates that these two variables explain 26.3% of the variation in consumer loyalty.

This study aims to analyze the application of Organizational Theory at PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) in the context of organizational communication, organizational culture and employee performance. PT Kereta Api Indonesia as a state-owned company engaged in the transportation sector has unique challenges and opportunities in managing its human resources and operations. Through a qualitative approach, this study collected data from interviews with managers and employees, as well as analysis of internal company documents. The results of this study indicate that effective communication and a strong organizational culture contribute significantly to improving employee performance. In addition, the implementation of clear organizational values ​​and ongoing training are key factors in creating a productive work environment. This study is expected to provide insight for PT Kereta Api Indonesia management in optimizing organizational strategies to achieve better company goals.  

Iren Mailuhu (64210645), The Influence of Competency and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at PT. PLN (Persero) Customer Service Implementation Unit (UP3) Depok PT. PLN (Persero) PT. PLN (Persero) is a company owned by the state. The task of this company is to provide electricity distribution services and organize its main service units into several parts that are appropriate to the electric power system, such as generation, transmission and distribution. PT. PLN (Persero) in managing human resources needs to pay attention to the competency and work discipline of each employee in order to produce employees who are of good quality and superior performance. This research aims to determine the influence of competence and work discipline on employee performance at PT. PLN (Persero) Customer Service Implementation Unit (UP3) Depok. The research method used is a quantitative method with data collection using saturated samples or non-probability sampling. A total of 56 respondents were sampled and the data obtained was processed using SPSS version 27 with multiple linear regression analysis techniques, The results of the analysis show that Y = 6.651, X1 = 0.625, Based on the coefficient of determination test, it was found that the two independent variables had an influence of 68.1% on employee performance.

The development of the digital era brings new challenges and opportunities for micro businesses, especially in pricing bamboo handicraft products in Lembur Awi. The phenomenon of easy access to information and digital marketing makes it easier for consumers to compare prices, so pricing strategies become a crucial factor in maintaining business competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the pricing strategy applied by bamboo handicraft micro businesses in Lembur Awi, identify factors that influence pricing, and understand the influence of digital platforms on the pricing strategy. The research method used was a qualitative approach with a case study, involving in-depth interviews, observation and documentation as data collection techniques. The results showed that businesses use a pricing strategy based on the calculation of production costs adjusted to market conditions and digital competition. The utilization of digital platforms such as social media and e-commerce provides opportunities to expand the market while demanding adaptation of pricing strategies that are more flexible and responsive. Good financial management and integrated administrative systems also play an important role in making effective pricing decisions. This research concludes that a combination of costing, utilization of digital technology and product innovation is key to the success of bamboo craft businesses in the dig era.

Corruption is a structural problem that continues to hamper development and equitable welfare in Indonesia. The data sources used consist of 13 national scientific journals, 3 reports from non-governmental organizations (ICW, KPK, TII), and 4 credible mass media outlets (Kompas, Tempo, CNBC Indonesia, and BBC Indonesia) published between 2019 and 2025. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the consistency and institutional challenges in anti-corruption efforts, as well as to recommend strengthening the integrity system in public policy governance in the future. Based on an analysis of three strategic cases—e-KTP, COVID-19 social assistance, and the free lunch program—the role of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) shows a transformation from a repressive approach to a more preventive and systemic one. In the e-KTP and social assistance cases, the KPK emphasized its strong law enforcement function, while in the free lunch program, the KPK positioned itself as a strategic supervisor from the planning stage to prevent potential irregularities.