Publication Search

This study examines legal protection for victims of criminal offenses from a victimological perspective, emphasizing the position, rights, and needs of victims within the criminal justice system. Victimology, as a scientific discipline, highlights that victims are not merely objects of crime but subjects who are entitled to protection, restoration, and justice. This research employs a normative juridical method supported by a conceptual and statutory approach to analyze existing legal frameworks governing victim protection. The findings indicate that although legal instruments have provided various forms of protection such as restitution, compensation, and psychological assistance their implementation remains suboptimal due to institutional limitations, lack of awareness, and procedural constraints. From a victimological standpoint, effective protection requires a balanced approach between offender accountability and victim recovery, including recognition of victims' rights, access to justice, and comprehensive rehabilitation. Therefore, strengthening regulations, improving institutional coordination, and adopting a more victim oriented justice system are essential to ensure optimal legal protection for victims of criminal acts.

Ngabuburit has grown into a cultural tradition that is deeply embedded in Indonesian society during Ramadan, including among the student demographic. This study investigates the relevance of the ngabuburit tradition to the level of consumer economic literacy and the application of Islamic consumption ethics among university students in the city of Bandung. Employing a quantitative descriptive approach, data were gathered through an online questionnaire distributed to students from various universities across Bandung. The analysis aims to determine whether the pre-iftar waiting activity stimulates impulsive purchasing behavior more strongly than awareness of Islamic consumption principles particularly the avoidance of wasteful spending (tabzir) and extravagance (israf). The study also examines several factors shaping students' consumption patterns, including social environment, lifestyle tendencies, and access to food and beverage products throughout Ramadan. The results are expected to shed light on how students behave as consumers within a local cultural framework and to what degree their economic literacy can moderate consumption behaviors that contradict Islamic principles, while providing an evaluative foundation for cultivating more prudent consumption habits.

This research aims to analyze the protection of state forest areas against unauthorized forest product collection in Pasangkayu Regency, specifically from the perspective of preventive and repressive legal protection. The research method used is normative juridical with a descriptive-analytical nature, utilizing secondary data collected through literature studies. The results indicate that forest area protection in Pasangkayu Regency is currently still dominated by a repressive approach, namely legal actions taken after violations occur, such as enforcement operations and criminal proceedings. However, this approach has proven ineffective in providing a maximum deterrent effect due to the high rate of violations triggered by low legal awareness and the community's economic dependence on forest products. Meanwhile, preventive efforts such as monitoring and legal counseling have not operated optimally due to limitations in human resources and budget. Therefore, a balance between preventive and repressive approaches is required, along with strengthening community participation through economic empowerment to enhance the effectiveness of forest protection.

Syndicated credit serves as a response for banks in extending loans as an alternative financing mechanism when constrained by the legal lending limit. Syndicated loans have a distinctive characteristic, namely the requirement for collective decision-making among creditors to reach a resolution. Consequently, collateral execution is often delayed or not carried out optimally to recover bank receivables, resulting in participating banks bearing losses for a relatively long period. This research employs a normative juridical approach with descriptive-analytical research specifications using qualitative methods based on relevant legal norms and theories. The results show that the legal relationship between the bank agent and the syndicated creditors constitutes an agency relationship, namely a special power of attorney as regulated under the Civil Code. The Bank Agent, consisting of the Facility Agent, Security Agent, and Escrow Agent, acts according to their respective duties for the benefit of the syndicate within the scope of authority agreed upon in the credit agreement. The resolution of non-performing loans in syndicated credit schemes should be carried out by referring to credit rescue and settlement mechanisms as regulated in the OJK Regulation concerning the Asset Quality Assessment of Commercial Banks through the prudential principle. The legal liability of the Bank Agent or Security Agent arises only when it can be proven that the agent has acted beyond the authority granted to it.

This study examines the effectiveness of legal protection for victims of cyberbullying in Indonesia from a victimological perspective. The rapid development of information technology and social media has led to an increase in cyberbullying cases, which significantly impact victims psychologically, socially, and emotionally. However, existing legal protections are often considered inadequate in addressing the needs of victims. This research aims to analyze the existing legal framework, evaluate its effectiveness, and assess the position of victims within the criminal justice system. The method used is normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and victimological approaches, relying on secondary data from relevant legal literature and scientific journals. The findings indicate that although regulations such as the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law) provide a legal basis, their implementation remains ineffective due to weak law enforcement, lack of victim-oriented approaches, and limited awareness of victims’ rights. Therefore, strengthening victim protection through a victimological approach, legal reform, and the application of restorative justice is necessary to ensure justice and recovery for victims.           

This reflective autoethnographic study explores the lived experience of being an only child caring for an elderly mother with Parkinson's disease while working as a full-time lecturer. The research aims to understand how this dual role affects the caregiver's mental health, work productivity, and relationship with the mother. Using a reflective autoethnographic approach based on Ellis, data were collected through three techniques: autobiographical narratives and memos, analysis of personal artifacts (work schedules, medical records, photographs), and an integrated self-interview. Thematic-reflective analysis revealed three main themes. First, structural loneliness describes the profound isolation resulting from having no sibling to share physical, emotional, and decisional responsibilities, which informal support cannot easily remedy. Second, stealth strategies at work refer to hidden tactics such as leaving early without disclosure, using breaks to check on the mother, and concealing caregiving struggles to avoid being perceived as less committed or losing professional opportunities. Third, fought for bonds shows that despite exhaustion and initial frustration, the caregiver’s relationship with her mother deepened through daily effort, patience, and reframing caregiving as meaningful devotion, a process aligned with filial maturity. The findings highlight the unique pressures faced by only-child working caregivers, including invisible productivity loss and the inadequacy of general social support. Practical implications for employers, social workers, and policymakers are discussed. This study contributes a rich first-person account to the underexplored area of only-child caregiving and offers recommendations for workplace cultural change, targeted support groups, and subsidized respite services.

This research purposes to improve the critical thinking skills of fifth-grade students at UPT SDN 274 Gresik regarding local culture for the 2024/2025 academic year. The methodology used is classroom action research. Data collection techniques were conducted through tests to assess students’ critical thinking skills and observations to assess student and teacher activities. The data analysis used included calculating the average scores from the tests and the results of the observations. The sample used in this research comprised of fifth-grade students at UPT SDN 274 Gresik during the 2024/2025 academic year. The results of the research indicate that the average score on the critical thinking skills test increased from 50.36 in the pre-action phase to 67.14 in Cycle I, and reached 86.43 in Cycle II. The findings of the teacher activity observations displayed an increase from 3.89 in Cycle I to 4.00 in Cycle II. The average results of student activity observations also increased from 68.21 in Cycle I to 86.43 in Cycle II. These results lead to the conclusion that the contextual approach proved effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills regarding local cultural material.

Civic Education holds a strategic position within the national education system as the primary instrument for shaping the personality of citizens in alignment with the values of Pancasila. This research is motivated by the phenomenon of moral degradation and the fading spirit of nationalism among the younger generation due to the unfiltered influence of globalization. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the extent of Civic Education's role in the school environment in transforming student character to possess noble morals, broad national insight, and a deep love for the motherland. The research method employed is a literature study with a qualitative approach, where data were collected through the analysis of various curriculum documents, scientific journals, and textbooks relevant to the implementation of the independent curriculum. Research findings indicate that Civic Education is not merely a theoretical transfer of civic knowledge but rather an effective process of value internalization through behavioral habituation within the school environment. The integration of teaching materials with practical applications in school life is proven to increase students' awareness of their rights and obligations as citizens. The analysis also reveals that strengthening moral character and national insight highly depends on teacher creativity in delivering interactive learning that is relevant to the students' social reality. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of revitalizing Civic Education teaching methods to be more adaptive to modern developments without losing national identity. Schools are expected to serve as laboratories of democracy and centers for sowing patriotic values to produce a golden generation that is not only intellectually competent but also possesses strong moral integrity to maintain the integrity of the Republic of Indonesia.

The development of modern armed conflicts shows the increasing involvement of civilians in hostilities, which has given rise to the phenomenon of civilian combatants and created ambiguity in the classification of subjects in International Humanitarian Law. This study aims to analyze the legal status of civilians involved in armed conflicts and the limits of legal protection inherent to them. The research method used is normative juridical with a legislative and conceptual approach, through an analysis of international legal instruments and relevant doctrines. The results show that civilian combatants are not explicitly recognized in international humanitarian law, thus creating uncertainty in determining their legal status. Furthermore, protection for civilians is conditional and can be temporarily lost when individuals engage in direct participation in hostilities, with limits determined by the principles of distinction and proportionality. These findings confirm that the limits of legal protection are dynamic and depend on individual actions in conflict. The implications of this study indicate the need for strengthened legal interpretation and more consistent implementation to ensure legal certainty and protection for civilians in modern armed conflicts.

The trademark dispute between PT GoTo Gojek Tokopedia Tbk and PT Terbit Financial Technology has become a significant issue in the field of intellectual property law in Indonesia. This conflict arose because PT GoTo used the trademark name “GOTO,” which had already been officially registered earlier by PT Terbit. This study aims to examine the legal protection granted to registered trademark owners under Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications, as well as to analyze the application of the first to file principle in resolving the dispute. This research employs a normative juridical approach by reviewing relevant legislation and conducting a case analysis based on the Decision of the Central Jakarta Commercial Court Number 71/Pdt.Sus-HKI/Merek/2022/PN Niaga Jkt.Pst. The findings indicate that Indonesia prioritizes the first to file system in determining trademark ownership, meaning that exclusive rights are granted to the party who registers the trademark first. The court decision in favor of PT Terbit confirms that formal registration serves as the primary legal basis for trademark protection. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of conducting trademark verification prior to public use and emphasizes the need to strengthen legal awareness among business actors to prevent similar disputes in the future.

This study analyzes the function of deixis in building emotional relationships between characters in the short film "Seutas Kenangan" using a sociopragmatic approach. Besides being a medium for communication, language also functions as a medium for expressing distance, closeness, and social relationships that impact the emotional relationships that occur. Therefore, this study aims to examine how various types of deixis play a role in building emotional relationships between characters. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data in the form of dialogues obtained through listening and note-taking techniques. This analysis was conducted by identifying the types of deixis, analyzing sociopragmatic aspects, and then interpreting the emotional relationships created. Based on the results of the study, there are deixis of person, time, place, social, and discourse that are related in representing emotional relationships. The emotional relationships found in this analysis include affection, longing, inner conflict, avoidance, and emotional stress due to prevailing social norms. The relationship between the function of deixis and the sociopragmatic approach shows that the function of deixis is not merely a referent indicator, but can also be a strategy for representing emotional relationships influenced by social and cultural conditions.

Environmental damage caused by human activities has become an increasingly pressing global issue. Poetry as a literary work has the power to represent ecological problems symbolically and critically. This study aims to describe the representation of the impact of the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems, namely "Menengajah Ke Atas, Merenungi Ozone yang Tak terlihat" and "Membaca Tanda-Tanda." The analysis is based on Greg Garrard's ecocritical study. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis techniques. There are two stages of analysis, namely the literal and symbolic meaning of the poems, then an ecocritical interpretation is carried out based on Garrard's categories which include pollution, wilderness, apocalypse, dwelling, animals, and earth. The results of the study indicate that both poems represent the impact of the environmental crisis through health problems due to pollution and radiation, damage to water and forest ecosystems, climate change, threats to human living space, and the decline in biodiversity. The research findings also show that the most dominant categories are pollution and apocalypse, which confirms that the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems is the result of human behavior that ignores nature. Thus, Taufiq Ismail's poems not only function as aesthetic works, but also as cultural criticism and moral warnings for humanity.

This study analyzes the function of deixis in building emotional relationships between characters in the short film "Seutas Kenangan" using a sociopragmatic approach. Besides being a medium for communication, language also functions as a medium for expressing distance, closeness, and social relationships that impact the emotional relationships that occur. Therefore, this study aims to examine how various types of deixis play a role in building emotional relationships between characters. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data in the form of dialogues obtained through listening and note-taking techniques. This analysis was conducted by identifying the types of deixis, analyzing sociopragmatic aspects, and then interpreting the emotional relationships created. Based on the results of the study, there are deixis of person, time, place, social, and discourse that are related in representing emotional relationships. The emotional relationships found in this analysis include affection, longing, inner conflict, avoidance, and emotional stress due to prevailing social norms. The relationship between the function of deixis and the sociopragmatic approach shows that the function of deixis is not merely a referent indicator, but can also be a strategy for representing emotional relationships influenced by social and cultural conditions.

Environmental damage caused by human activities has become an increasingly pressing global issue. Poetry as a literary work has the power to represent ecological problems symbolically and critically. This study aims to describe the representation of the impact of the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems, namely "Menengajah Ke Atas, Merenungi Ozone yang Tak terlihat" and "Membaca Tanda-Tanda." The analysis is based on Greg Garrard's ecocritical study. This study uses a qualitative method with content analysis techniques. There are two stages of analysis, namely the literal and symbolic meaning of the poems, then an ecocritical interpretation is carried out based on Garrard's categories which include pollution, wilderness, apocalypse, dwelling, animals, and earth. The results of the study indicate that both poems represent the impact of the environmental crisis through health problems due to pollution and radiation, damage to water and forest ecosystems, climate change, threats to human living space, and the decline in biodiversity. The research findings also show that the most dominant categories are pollution and apocalypse, which confirms that the environmental crisis in Taufiq Ismail's poems is the result of human behavior that ignores nature. Thus, Taufiq Ismail's poems not only function as aesthetic works, but also as cultural criticism and moral warnings for humanity.

Waste management is a major challenge in environmental conservation in Indonesia. One innovative approach that can be implemented is the use of informative waste signs as a visual educational medium for the public. Waste signs are information boards placed in strategic locations to provide knowledge about the types of waste, their environmental impacts, and the decomposition time of various materials. The Community Service Program (KKN) of Padang State University (UNP) has implemented this concept by creating educational boards containing information on waste decomposition time, ranging from waste that decomposes in 50–100 years to waste that does not decompose at all. This article aims to examine the concept, benefits, and effectiveness of waste signs as a community-based environmental education instrument. The methods used include field observation and a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study indicate that waste signs can increase public awareness of the importance of proper waste management. Thus, this medium has the potential to be a simple yet effective educational tool in supporting sustainable environmentally friendly behavior.

Psychological conflicts often arise intensely, as illustrated in Usmar Ismail’s play Ayahku Pulang. The character Gunarto experiences inner turmoil and trauma from family disputes, which trigger various defense mechanisms. This study aims to describe the forms of defense mechanisms exhibited by Gunarto and identify the factors behind their emergence.  Using a literacy  psychology approach, specifically Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, the research elaborates on the character’s psychological dynamics. The qualitative method employed the read-and-record technique, with data analyzed through the Miles and Huberman model involving reduction, classification, and inference. Findings reveal eight defense mechanisms used by Gunarto: denial, repression, avoidance, compartmentalization, rationalization, displacement, sublimation, and identification with the aggressor. Their emergence is influenced by psychological factors such as past trauma, economic hardship, and disharmonious family relationships. In conclusion, Gunarto’s defense mechanisms reflect symptoms of individuals facing trauma and family disharmony. This study demonstrates how a literary-psychological approach enriches understanding of literature as a reflection of the human psyche and reveals more about a character’s inner world.

Low-rank coal generally has a high moisture content, which results in a low calorific value and suboptimal quality for utilization as an energy source. One method that can be applied to improve coal quality is the Upgrading Brown Coal (UBC) process, which functions to reduce moisture content and increase fixed carbon value. This study aims to analyze the effect of heating time and the ratio of used oil composition on improving coal quality based on proximate parameters. The research method includes collecting coal samples from four locations in Samarinda and its surrounding areas, namely SMAN 1 Samarinda, Bhineka Street, Palaran Stadium, and Tani Bakti Village. The samples were analyzed using proximate analysis, including inherent moisture (IM), ash content (AC), volatile matter (VM), and fixed carbon (FC), both before and after the UBC process. The upgrading process was carried out with variations in heating time and used oil composition as a coating medium to enhance coal stability and prevent moisture reabsorption. The final results of the upgrading process showed the best values of inherent moisture at 13.64%, ash content at 4.66%, volatile matter at 55.06%, and fixed carbon at 44.94%. The results indicate that the UBC process is capable of reducing inherent moisture and increasing fixed carbon, thereby improving coal quality. Variations in heating time and used oil composition have a significant effect on changes in proximate parameters. Longer heating time and an appropriate ratio of used oil composition result in a more optimal improvement in coal quality.

Coal stockpile volume measurement is an essential part of mining production control. This study aims to evaluate the calculation of coal stockpile volume using a Total Station (TS) at PT. Bukit Baiduri Energi, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, and to assess the accuracy and effectiveness of this method in operational activities. Data acquisition was carried out through direct field measurements using a Total Station with a detailed surface point survey method. The collected data were processed using Minescape 5.7 software to generate a triangulated surface model, and the volume was calculated using the Cut and Fill method. The results show that the Total Station method produced a stockpile volume of 21,069.15 m³ with a high level of accuracy due to direct field measurement. This method provides advantages in elevation data accuracy; however, it requires relatively more time and manpower during the data acquisition process. Based on these findings, the use of Total Station is recommended for stockpile volume calculations that require high accuracy, particularly for production evaluation and coal reserve reporting.

Tiku Beach in Tanjung Mutiara District, Agam Regency, West Sumatra is a 12.77 km coastal area experiencing continuous shoreline changes due to abrasion and accretion. This study aims to identify and map shoreline changes and calculate the area of abrasion and accretion in 2014, 2019, and 2024 using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) method based on Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery. The MNDWI method utilizes the reflectance difference in the Green band (Band 3) and SWIR band (Band 6) to automatically separate the land-water boundary. Shoreline change analysis was performed using Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) and End Point Rate (EPR) methods through ArcGIS 10.8 software with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) extension. Analysis of 336 transects shows that accretion is more dominant than abrasion along Tiku Beach. The largest accretion was recorded at transect 230 with an NSM value of 71.3 m and an EPR rate of 7.12 m/year, while extreme abrasion occurred at transect 249 with an NSM value of -121.67 m and an EPR rate of -12.15 m/year. The evolution of the shoreline shows that in 2014 the coastline was still relatively stable, then in 2019 mild abrasion occurred in the west along with accretion in the east, and by 2024 this pattern became more pronounced. The results of this study are expected to serve as a scientific basis for decision-making in coastal disaster mitigation planning and sustainable coastal management in Agam Regency.

The University of North Sumatra Mini Stadium is a sports complex covering an area of 6.4 hectares. This facility is located on Jalan Almamater, Padang Bulan, Medan Baru, Medan City, North Sumatra. Various sports activities are facilitated in this area, including volleyball, basketball, tennis, table tennis, taekwondo, rock climbing, archery, and soccer, all of which are integral parts of the facilities and infrastructure available at the Mini Stadium. In addition to the main stadium, the University of North Sumatra Mini Stadium complex is equipped with various supporting buildings and fields. These facilities serve as a means for developing and channeling students’ interests and athletic talents, as well as a public space that can be utilized by the people of Medan City for sports activities. However, functionally, the University of North Sumatra Mini Stadium complex is considered suboptimal in effectively accommodating and supporting sports activities. The non-compliance of installations with applicable standards, as well as the condition of a number of facilities that no longer meet suitability criteria and tend to be neglected particularly the soccer field and its supporting facilities are the main problems at the University of North Sumatra Mini Stadium complex. Therefore, the redesign of the University of North Sumatra’s mini stadium, using a structural architecture approach as an aesthetic element, is expected to result in a building that is not only structurally sound but also aesthetically pleasing.