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The church, as the body of Christ, carries a vital responsibility in shaping the congregation’s understanding of biblical doctrine as the foundation of a sound life of faith. However, in practice, there remains a gap between the theological instruction provided and the congregation’s actual comprehension in daily life. This study aims to analyze the level of understanding among local congregations regarding biblical doctrine, identify the factors influencing this understanding, and examine the discrepancies between teaching and its application in everyday life. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method, focusing on the examination of biblical texts, theological works, and relevant academic literature. The findings indicate that the congregation’s level of understanding of biblical doctrine varies and is influenced by internal factors such as spiritual motivation and faith experience, as well as external factors such as the quality of teaching and ecclesiastical leadership. The gap between teaching and understanding is attributed to the lack of contextual and interactive learning methods. This study underscores the importance of continuous and dialogical theological formation within local churches so that congregants may not only comprehend doctrine cognitively but also embody it practically in faith and action. These findings are expected to enrich the field of practical theology and serve as a reference for developing faith education within the church.

This study aims to determine the effect of communication and work discipline on employee performance through work supervision as an intervening variable at Jambi Ekspres Televisi. The population in this study consisted of 30 employees, all of whom were used as samples using the total sampling technique. This research employed a quantitative approach with a questionnaire based on a Likert scale, and the data were analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method through the SmartPLS software. The results showed that communication and work discipline were categorized as good and played an important role in improving employee performance through work supervision. Communication had a positive and significant effect on work supervision, while work discipline also had a positive and significant effect on work supervision. However, communication had a positive but insignificant effect on employee performance. Conversely, work discipline had a positive and significant direct effect on employee performance. Meanwhile, work supervision had a negative and insignificant effect on employee performance. The indirect effects of communication and work discipline on performance through work supervision were also negative and insignificant, indicating that work supervision has not yet played an optimal role as an intervening variable. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the company enhance internal communication effectiveness, strengthen the consistent implementation of work discipline, and optimize the role of work supervision to function more as a coaching and motivational tool, thereby contributing positively to improving employee performance.

This study aims to: (1) identify and analyze the development of Third Party Funds (DPK), inflation, savings interest rates, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at constant prices, and regional expenditure across Indonesian provinces during 2019–2023; and (2) examine the influence of inflation, savings interest rates, GRDP at constant prices, and regional expenditure on Third Party Funds in the same period. The research employs panel data regression analysis using EViews 12 for data processin.The results show that (1) the highest average growth of Third Party Funds (DPK) was recorded in South Kalimantan (11.89%), while the lowest was in Banten (-10.87%). The highest average inflation occurred in East Java (3.7%) and the lowest in Papua (2.1%). The savings interest rate peaked in 2019 at 1.17% and declined to its lowest level in 2022 at 0.37%. The highest GRDP growth was found in North Maluku (16.41%) and the lowest in West Papua (1.16%). Similarly, North Maluku also recorded the highest regional expenditure growth (14.08%), while West Papua experienced the lowest (-17.24%), reflecting economic disparities across regions in Indonesia. (2) The regression analysis reveals that GRDP at constant prices and regional expenditure have a significant and positive effect on Third Party Funds, while the savings interest rate has a significant and negative effect. In contrast, inflation shows no significant effect on Third Party Funds.

This study aims to determine and analyze the development and influence of exports, exchange rates, inflation, and GRDP on the exchange rate of smallholder plantation farmers in Jambi Province. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis for the period 2009-2024 in Jambi Province. The development of exports, exchange rates, inflation, and GRDP fluctuates annually. Where the average development of exports in Jambi Province in 2009-2024 was 15.22%, the average development of exchange rates was 3.06%, the average development of inflation was 49.07%, the average development of GRDP was 6.22% and the average development of the exchange rate of smallholder plantation farmers in Jambi Province was 4.57%. The results of the study using multiple linear regression resulted in the finding that the variables of exports, exchange rates, inflation, and GRDP simultaneously influenced the exchange rate of smallholder plantation farmers in Jambi Province in 2009-2024. Meanwhile, partially, the export, exchange rate, and inflation variables have a negative effect on the exchange rate of farmers in the smallholder plantation sub-sector in Jambi Province, while the GRDP variable has a substantial positive effect on the exchange rate of farmers in the smallholder plantation sub-sector in Jambi Province in 2009-2024.

This study aims to examine various factors that influence customers' engagement in choosing the Cicil Emas product as a form of long-term investment at Bank Muamalat Purwokerto. This research is based on the increasing trend of gold investment in the community caused by the increase in gold prices and awareness of the importance of halal investment according to sharia principles. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation of Bank Muamalat Purwokerto. The results show that customer interest is influenced by several main factors, namely trust in sharia principles through the murabahah contract, a positive perception of gold as a stable investment asset, the ease of installment procedures that are flat and transparent, and the efficiency of the payment system through autodebit. In addition, social factors such as family recommendations and active promotions from the marketing department also strengthen customer interest. From the SWOT analysis, it was found that the main strength of this product lies in Bank Muamalat's reputation as a pioneering sharia bank and a stable installment system, while its main weaknesses are limited physical gold stocks and low public investment literacy. With increasing public awareness of sharia investment and the large market potential in Purwokerto, the Cicil Emas product has strong prospects for continued growth as a safe and Islamically-compliant long-term investment instrument.

Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have revolutionized various aspects of life, including the education sector. The application of technology in education enables more flexible, interactive, and personalized learning, as well as expanding access for students in various regions, including remote areas. SMK Negeri 2 Binjai is one of the vocational education institutions in Binjai City that is currently facing challenges in the process of determining recipients of educational assistance, particularly the Indonesia Pintar (PIP) Program, which is intended for underprivileged students. Until now, the selection mechanism for PIP recipients has been carried out manually, making it prone to subjectivity, lack of transparency, and limited integrated data. To overcome this problem, a decision support system is needed to help schools determine the recipients of educational assistance objectively and structurally using the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method, which is an effective multi-criteria decision-making technique for processing various assessment criteria to produce the best alternative ranking. The results of the calculation using the WASPAS method produced different preference values (Qi) for each student alternative. The highest score was obtained by Ilyas Ramadhanu with a Qi of 0.6899, followed by Binar Sembiring with a Qi of 0.5963, and Dimas Dwi Andika with a Qi of 0.5790. The lowest value was obtained by Adit Rahmazi with a Qi of 0.3852.

The franchise business model has experienced rapid growth in Indonesia, particularly in the food, beverage, and modern retail sectors, such as Indomaret. The franchise system provides efficient business expansion opportunities for franchisors and franchisees to participate in businesses that already have established operational standards and market reputations. However, behind this development, significant legal challenges have emerged, particularly related to the unequal position between franchisors and franchisees in franchise agreements. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for franchisees by reviewing the principles of fairness, balance, and legal certainty in the implementation of franchise contracts. The approach used is a normative juridical method with a case study of the Indomaret franchise partnership, which is examined through an analysis of related laws and regulations, such as Government Regulation Number 42 of 2007 concerning Franchising and Regulation of the Minister of Trade Number 71 of 2019. The results of the study indicate that there is still asymmetry of power in contract drafting, weak legal literacy of franchisees, and a lack of government oversight of agreement implementation. Therefore, regulatory reform and strengthening of oversight mechanisms are needed to ensure that franchise relationships operate fairly, transparently, and sustainably

The principle of proportionality plays an important role in ensuring a balance of rights and obligations between the parties to a reciprocal agreement. In the context of Indonesian contract law, this principle serves as a mechanism to prevent imbalances that could harm one of the parties, especially in commercial and complex contracts. This study uses a normative juridical approach with a literature review method, which involves analysis of relevant laws and regulations and case studies. This approach allows researchers to explore the application of the principle of proportionality in various types of reciprocal agreements, including franchise agreements and construction service contracts. For example, a study by Susanto et al. (2021) highlights how the principle of proportionality is applied in construction service contracts to ensure a fair distribution of responsibilities between contractors and clients. The results of the analysis show that the consistent application of the principle of proportionality can improve fairness in contractual relationships. In franchise agreements, the application of this principle helps to create a balance between the rights and obligations of the franchisor and franchisee, who often have different bargaining positions. Thus, the principle of proportionality serves not only as a legal principle, but also as a practical tool for achieving fairness in contractual practice

A contract is an agreement between two or more parties that creates legal rights and obligations to perform or refrain from performing certain actions. In business practice, a contract serves as a legal instrument that ensures certainty, fairness, and protection for all parties involved. To regulate these legal relationships, a comprehensive understanding of contract law is required as the juridical foundation for drafting and executing agreements. A valid contract must not only fulfill formal and material requirements as stipulated in the Civil Code but also be based on several fundamental legal principles, including the principle of freedom of contract, consensualism, pacta sunt servanda, good faith, and personality. Moreover, the contract formation process consists of several stages: the pre-drafting stage, the drafting stage which involves the structure and anatomy of the contract, and the post-drafting stage which focuses on the implementation and evaluation of the agreement. In its execution, disputes may arise; therefore, appropriate dispute resolution mechanisms such as negotiation, mediation, arbitration, or litigation are essential. A comprehensive understanding of these principles and stages in business contract formation is crucial to ensure that every agreement created is valid, fair, and effective for all parties.

Contract law serves as a fundamental pillar of the modern legal system, regulating relationships and interactions between parties involved in various economic and business transactions. A contract functions as a legal instrument that ensures certainty, fairness, and the protection of rights and obligations among the parties. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the essential principles of contract law, such as the principles of freedom of contract, consensualism, good faith, and pacta sunt servanda, as well as their practical implementation within the Indonesian business context. Furthermore, this study discusses common challenges in the application of contract law, including unequal bargaining positions, contract breaches, and difficulties in law enforcement. The discussion also explores mechanisms for resolving contractual disputes, both through litigation and alternative dispute resolution methods such as mediation and arbitration. This research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how contract law functions not only as a binding legal framework but also as an instrument to promote equitable, transparent, and sustainable business relationships.

This research discusses the Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 regarding the minimum age requirement for presidential and vice-presidential candidates as stipulated in Article 169 letter q of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections. In that decision, the Constitutional Court ruled that the age limit of 40 years remains in effect, but with an exception for candidates who are not yet 40 years old but have previously or are currently serving as regional heads. This research employs a normative juridical method with legislative and conceptual approaches, analyzing primary legal materials such as the 1945 Constitution, Election Law, and Constitutional Court decisions, supported by secondary legal materials from academic literature and journals. The research findings indicate that the Constitutional Court's considerations are based on the principles of citizens' constitutional rights, open legal policy, and the idea of leadership experience as an alternative age requirement. This decision has positive implications, including opportunities for leadership regeneration and increased political participation by young people, but it also draws criticism for its potential to discriminate against non-regional leaders and create political suspicion. Therefore, a revision of the Election Law is needed to clarify the legal norms resulting from the Constitutional Court's decision so that it does not lead to multiple interpretations and maintains the principle of equality. This research concludes that the Constitutional Court's decision is an opportunity to strengthen democracy, but also a challenge in ensuring constitutional justice in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze how Islamic education policy in Indonesia functions as a social mechanism in shaping and maintaining societal integration amidst modern social change. Based on Émile Durkheim's functionalism theory, this study views Islamic education as an institution that plays a vital role in maintaining moral order, social solidarity, and preventing symptoms of anomie resulting from an imbalance between traditional values and the demands of modernity. The approach used is qualitative with an exploratory-descriptive orientation, with data collection techniques through literature studies of policy documents, institutional reports, and related scientific research results. The analysis is conducted descriptively and analytically to interpret the social function of the policy based on the concepts of social solidarity, division of labor, and anomie. The results show that policies such as madrasah integration, religious moderation programs, and teacher professionalization have a manifest function in expanding access to education, increasing social mobility, strengthening gender equality, and strengthening cohesion between religious communities. However, latent functions are also found in the form of bureaucratization of educational institutions, resource inequality, and value resistance among local communities. These findings confirm that Islamic education policy operates ambivalently: as an integrative instrument that strengthens social solidarity, but also as an arena for value negotiation between tradition and modernity. Therefore, Islamic education policy needs to be directed in a more contextual and participatory manner to optimally function as an agent of inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable social transformation for modern Indonesian society.

The development of digital technology has changed global business patterns, including in Indonesia, through the growth of e-commerce, social media, and online platforms. This change opens up great opportunities for students as the educated young generation to develop online businesses. This research aims to explore students' online business readiness from a digital mindset perspective through a phenomenological study approach among students in Malang. The research focuses on online business readiness, digital mindset, attitudes towards technology, and the contribution of entrepreneurship learning, which are analyzed using the Theory of Planned Behavior framework(Ajzen, 1991) and Entrepreneurial Mindset Theory. The research used qualitative methods with in-depth interviews with online business students. The results show that students have a basic understanding of digital business, especially in utilizing social media and marketplaces. A positive attitude towards technology has been formed, indicated by perceived benefits and ease of use. However, a gap emerges between technical skills and long-term strategic planning capabilities. Innovation and problem-solving tend to be reactive, simply following trends, while psychological resistance such as fear of fraud and data security remain barriers. This research confirms that online business readiness is not only determined by technical skills, but also by the strengthening of an adaptive, innovative digital mindset. This research confirms that online business readiness is not only determined by technical skills, but also by strengthening an adaptive, innovative, and resilient digital mindset.The novelty of this research is the integration of TPB and Entrepreneurial Mindset Theory to understand students' readiness to face digital business challenges.

The limitation of physical memory (RAM) is a primary constraint hindering optimal performance in modern operating systems, especially when running large applications or performing intensive multitasking, often resulting in crashes and high latency. This research aims to quantitatively analyze the effectiveness of Virtual Memory (VM) implementation as a solution to this RAM constraint on the Windows 10 operating system, focusing on VM’s impact on CPU performance, GPU performance, and multitasking response. The methodology employed is a controlled experiment using industry-standard benchmarks: Cinebench R20 (CPU), Unigine Heaven (GPU), and response time measurements in intensive multitasking scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that VM activation improves CPU/GPU performance by up to 5% and accelerates multitasking response time by up to 15%, confirming VM's effectiveness in mitigating memory bottlenecks. Nevertheless, this study also identifies potential performance overhead stemming from excessive paging and swapping processes, which trigger the phenomenon of Thrashing. Therefore, the research recommends a dual optimization strategy to achieve maximum and stable performance: software optimization via the Least Recently Used (LRU) algorithm to suppress page faults, supported by hardware optimization including the use of an SSD for the swap file and increased RAM capacity.

The development of embedded sistem technology is now widely used to support automatic environmental data recording processes, such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure. However, most existing weather data loggers still operate independently and are not directly connected to a computer. As a result, data collection and processing must be done manually, which is less efficient and prone to data loss. The main problem in this research is the lack of integration between microcontroller-based data loggers and simple computer operating sistems such as the Disk Operating Sistem (DOS), making it difficult to automatically store and access recorded data. This study aims to develop an embedded weather data logger sistem based on the AVR microcontroller integrated with DOS. The development process uses the waterfall model, consisting of sistem planning, requirement analysis, sistem design, coding, testing, and implementation. The designed sistem records weather parameters in real time and stores them in a file format that can be directly read by DOS without requiring additional conversion processes. The test results show that the sistem runs stably, records data accurately, and can be easily accessed through a computer. Integration with DOS allows data storage and retrieval processes to be faster and more efficient. Therefore, this sistem provides a practical solution for automatic weather monitoring that is reliable, time-saving, and easy to use in various environmental conditions.

Science learning in elementary schools plays a vital role in fostering scientific thinking, curiosity, and critical thinking skills from an early age. However, classroom practices are still dominated by conventional methods that make students passive and less motivated, which affects their understanding of abstract concepts such as the states of matter and their changes. This study aims to describe the effectiveness of using Canva as an interactive learning medium to enhance the motivation and learning outcomes of fourth-grade elementary school students on the topic of states of matter and their changes. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method through literature review and theoretical experimentation. The study involved reviewing various scientific sources and conducting a simulated Canva-based learning activity that visualized changes in the states of matter through images, animations, and simple classroom experiments. The findings reveal that using Canva encourages active student participation, clarifies abstract science concepts, and creates an engaging learning experience. Canva has proven to be an effective and innovative medium that supports the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum, emphasizing creativity, collaboration, and independent learning.

in private junior high schools throughout Sempu District, female students follow Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning with feelings of boredom, doubt, and difficulty. However, it is not yet known what level of motivation female students have in following Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK).  This study aims to analyze the motivation level of female students in participating in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning at private junior high schools in Sempu District, Banyuwangi Regency. The research employs a survey method with a descriptive quantitative approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 62 respondents and analyzed using descriptive statistics with the assistance of SPSS software. The findings indicate that students' motivation in PJOK learning is generally high, with an actual score of 4,637 out of an ideal score of 6,200. The obtained mean score is 3.738, with a Respondent Achievement Level (TCR) of 74.79. Although most indicators reflect a high level of motivation, certain aspects remain in the moderate category, such as indicators X11, X16, X18, and X20. Factors contributing to lower motivation in these aspects may include a lack of variation in teaching methods, limited sports facilities, and insufficient external support. Therefore, efforts to enhance motivation should include more interactive teaching methods, improved sports facilities, and stronger environmental support to further increase students' enthusiasm for PJOK learning.

Regular exercise plays a crucial role in maintaining and improving immune system function, especially in female athletes who experience hormonal and physiological stress during training. This review article aims to explain the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on humoral immune parameters and stress hormone responses in female athletes compared to inactive women. Based on the results of various studies, moderate and consistent physical activity can increase levels of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and strengthen immune protection. On the other hand, high-intensity or excessive exercise can increase cortisol and ACTH levels, potentially suppressing immune function temporarily. Research findings also show that female athletes have a better immune profile compared to inactive women, as indicated by increased natural killer cell activity and lymphocyte proliferation. However, excessive exercise can lead to immunological imbalance. Therefore, moderate-intensity exercise and well-planned training programs are proven to maintain endurance and prevent the risk of immune decline. This review is expected to broaden the understanding of sports immunology and women's health.

In the modern industrial world, robots like mechanical arms in automotive factories or packaging lines must move quickly and safely. For this, a real-time operating sistem (RTOS) is needed—think of it as a "super-fast brain" that ensures the robot reacts instantly to commands, without delays or errors. This paper analyzes popular RTOS like FreeRTOS and VxWorks for controlling industrial robots, focusing on evaluating performance (speed of operation) and stability (long-term reliability). We conducted tests in a lab using a simple robot that moves its arm to pick up objects. Performance was measured by response time (how quickly the robot stops when encountering an obstacle, ideally under 10 milliseconds) and throughput (how many tasks it can complete per second). Stability was checked through simulations of disruptions, like heavy loads or interfered sensor signals, using metrics such as error rate and time variation (jitter). Results show that FreeRTOS is more efficient for small, affordable robots, with high performance (average response time of 4 ms) but moderate stability (5-10% errors during overload). In contrast, VxWorks excels in stability (errors <2%, stable for up to 95% of tasks on time) for large factory robots, though it requires stronger hardware. Our analysis uses simple models like graphs and repeated tests, without complex formulas, to prove that the right RTOS can boost production efficiency by up to 25% and reduce accident risks.

Android continues to innovate, and biometric systems particularly fingerprint sensors must operate with high efficiency. However, the main challenge lies in the communication between hardware and software, which often causes high latency, excessive power consumption, and protocol incompatibility between components. As a result, authentication speed decreases and system stability is compromised, especially on mid- to low-range devices. This study explores various implementations of Android-based fingerprint systems, focusing on how sensor modules interact with the microcontroller or Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) and the operating system through a hardware-software co-design approach to evaluate integration efficiency across all layers. The analysis reveals that conventional protocols such as Bluetooth or serial connections still cause delays, while improvements in drivers and the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) can significantly reduce latency. As a solution, the researchers propose a co-design optimization approach that utilizes data flow normalization within the HAL and adopts lightweight communication protocols to accelerate the verification process. Based on the test results, this approach successfully improves efficiency—authentication time is reduced by up to 35% and power consumption decreases by approximately 15%. Therefore, the efficiency of communication between hardware and software becomes a key factor in enhancing the performance and reliability of fingerprint systems on Android devices.