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This journal defines public policy as actions taken by governmental authorities to address specific social issues and emphasizes citizen participation as a key element in the democratic process. It outlines the importance of community involvement in policymaking to enhance legitimacy, governmental accountability, and the quality of policies. Factors influencing citizen participation include education, socioeconomic status, and access to information. The theoretical framework underscores the significance of active participation for successful community development, particularly highlighting the role of Generation Z in political engagement through digital platforms.Various methods for involving citizens in decision-making—such as public forums, surveys, and online platforms—are discussed, alongside the benefits of integrating technology to promote transparency and inclusivity. To explore this phenomenon in depth, a qualitative research method with an exploratory case study approach is employed. The study involves in-depth interviews with key informants such as public officials, representatives of civil society organizations, and Generation Z citizens who are actively engaged in digital participation. Additionally, participatory observation of public policy forums and documentation of various technology-based participatory initiatives are conducted. Thematic analysis is used to identify patterns, themes, and factors that influence the effectiveness of citizen participation in policymaking. Data validity is ensured through source and method triangulation, as well as member checking with selected respondents.This paper also presents case studies of successful participatory initiatives while addressing challenges such as unequal power dynamics and limited access to information. The recommendations focus on strategies to raise awareness, enhance transparency, encourage inclusivity, and foster a culture of active participation to ensure that policies reflect the diverse needs of society. Overall, meaningful citizen engagement is deemed essential for effective governance and policymaking.

This study explores the social and psychological dynamics of the collective expression of the Indonesian youth through the hashtag #KaburAjaDulu on TikTok social media, which reflects their concerns about inequality in access to work and lack of opportunities for self-development. This study uses qualitative methodology and a virtual ethnography approach to analyze data, covering social interactions and meaning construction in virtual communities. Primary data sources involve real-time monitoring using tools such as Brand24, which captures the frequency and sentiment of posts. Secondary data sources are obtained from literature related to labor migration, digital expression, and network society theory. Data collection techniques combine passive online observation and thematic classification, while data analysis is carried out through content analysis to identify dominant discourse patterns and sentiments. Data validity is tested using source triangulation, comparing netnography findings with scientific references and policy documentation. The results show that the hashtag #KaburAjaDulu is not just an expression of jokes, but a symbol of structural alienation and the aspirations of the young generation to seek better life opportunities abroad. The discussion highlights the implications of this social critique for migration policies and the protection of migrant workers. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of adaptive government responses and more inclusive policies to address the aspirations of the younger generation.

Air quality in Western Java is highly dynamic and shaped by environmental changes influenced by intense human activities. Aerosols—tiny particulate matter that affects air quality, weather, and climate—can be quantified using Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), which measures aerosol concentrations in the atmospheric column. This research uses spatial regression analysis to examine the spatial distribution of AOD from GEE’s platform (Google Earth Engine) and its relationship with rainfall and wind patterns during both the wet and dry seasons. The findings indicate that wind speed does not significantly impact AOD values, but wind direction does affect the distribution of rainfall and AOD, likely due to the monsoon system. During the wet season (December to March), high-intensity and widespread rainfall effectively cleanses the atmosphere of aerosols, leading to no significant effect on AOD (p-value > 0.05). In contrast, during the dry season, rainfall significantly influences AOD spatial patterns (p-value < 0.05). These results highlight the intricate interplay between meteorological factors and aerosol’s behavior, emphasizing the seasonal variability in their interactions.

This study aims to analyze the syntactic structure of sentences in english interactions between hotel receptionists and foreign guests. Specifically, it focuses on identifying sentence types, levels of sentence complexity, and syntactic functions that support professional communication at the reception desk. The data were collected from transcripts of 10 authentic interactions and 10 simulated conversations involving five professional hotel receptionists and five foreign guests with intermediate to advanced english proficiency. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with audio recordings transcribed and analyzed to identify dominant syntactic patterns. The results revealed that simple and compound sentences were the most frequently used, particularly in greeting, offering assistance, and clarifying information. Complex sentences appeared more often in handling guest complaints and explaining hotel policies. These findings suggest that mastery of varied syntactic structures enhances communication effectiveness in hospitality services. The study’s results are expected to contribute to the development of teaching materials for reception courses and communication skills training for hotel receptionists in the hospitality industry.

Losing parents at an early age has a negative impact on children's development, psychologically, emotionally and socially. Orphans often face great challenges in social problems so that they cannot prepare for an adequate future, with skills training aimed at empowering orphans for a more independent future. This study aims to determine the implementation of skills programs in increasing the independence of orphans in orphanages. The research method used is qualitative, with data coming from participants or orphans who take part in skills training at the Wisma Karya Bakti Orphanage and caregivers. The sample was taken using purposive technique as many as 7 people. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out by a method that involves steps such as working with data, organizing, sorting, synthesizing, identifying patterns, finding relevant information, and determining important points. The results showed that the implementation of the skills program carried out by the Wisma Karya Bakti Orphanage is currently implementing 3 stages carried out from the awareness stage as the initial stage of orphans being made aware of the importance of having skills. Then the transformation of knowledge orphans are given some skills training. Then finally increasing the intellectual and skill proficiency of the orphans is given the opportunity to apply the skills that have been learned. The three stages in empowerment through skills help develop the potential that exists within orphans in increasing their independence.

Religious gaslighting is a form of psychological manipulation that uses religious authority and teachings to question or doubt a person's perceptions, emotions, and experiences, so that the victim feels guilty or unfaithful. In the context of the Muslim community, this practice can occur when religious understanding is used narrowly and authoritarianly, suppressing freedom of thought, and perpetuating power imbalances—both in family relationships, communities, and religious institutions. This article examines the phenomenon of religious gaslighting from the perspective of critical Islamic education, with the aim of dismantling manipulative patterns wrapped in religious narratives. The approach used is qualitative-descriptive with literature analysis of classical and contemporary Islamic sources, as well as interdisciplinary studies in the fields of religious psychology and educational philosophy. The results of the study show that religious gaslighting is not only a matter of individual morals, but also part of an authoritarian social and cultural structure that needs to be countered through liberating (ta'dib) and transformative Islamic education. Islamic education based on the values ​​of justice (al-‘adl), compassion (rahmah), and deliberation can be a critical tool for building a healthy spiritual awareness and freeing people from the shackles of manipulative authority. Thus, education has a central role in forming a generation of Muslims who are able to distinguish between the authenticity of Islamic teachings and their misuse in the practice of power.    

Anemia is a common health problem among adolescent girls, which can affect their growth and development. Thi study aims to identify factors that influence the occurrence of anemia in adolescent girls. Both biological and environmental factors contribute to anemia. The method used was a comprehensive literature review, by collecting data from various relevant sources including journals and research reports. The result emphasized the importance of knowledge about adolescent girls health, as well as lack of iron consumtion, irregular sleep patterns and long-duration or irregular menstruation, so there is a need for education n each village to reduce the risk of anemia in adolescent girls. The conclusion of this study shows that the impact of anemia  affects physical health, quality of life, productivity and social well-being. Addressing anemia should be a priority in public health policy.

This research is motivated by the importance of improving the quality of passport making services at the Pontianak City Immigration Office which still faces obstacles such as complicated procedures, limited quotas, lack of officer direction, and mismatches in passport collection schedules that cause public dissatisfaction. This research aims to classify the level of satisfaction of passport making services using the Naïve Bayes algorithm, measure classification accuracy, and develop a website-based system that helps evaluate and improve service quality effectively and efficiently. The method used is a quantitative approach with data collection through questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation of 205 respondents, then the data is processed using the Naïve Bayes algorithm which assumes independence between variables to classify satisfaction levels based on variables such as officer friendliness, officer ability, ease of procedure, and timeliness of service. The main findings show that the Naïve Bayes algorithm is able to classify satisfaction levels with 73% accuracy, 76% precision, 70% recall, and 73% F1-score, signaling the effectiveness of this method in identifying community satisfaction patterns. However, the results also indicate the need for improvement in user interface aspects and system responsiveness so that the system can be widely accepted and provide optimal benefits. The implication of this research is that the application of Naïve Bayes-based data mining methods can be an effective tool in evaluation and decision-making to improve the quality of public services, especially in the field of passport making, and encourage the development of interactive and empirical data-based public service information systems.

The welfare of the cleaning service in this study aims to find out and analyze the welfare of the cleaning service at the Indonesian Methodist Christian College-1 Medan (PKMI-1). The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data with a total of 8 informants. The key informant in this research is the person in charge of the cleaning service, the main informant is the cleaning service and the additional informants are the family of the cleaning service. The data collection technique used in this research is observation, interviews and documentation. The theory used to analyze the problem in this research is the theory of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) regarding Indicators of People's Welfare in 2022. According to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) there are five indicators to determine the level of People's Welfare, namely: Health, Education, Employment, Level and Consumption Patterns, Housing and the Environment. The results of this research show that: The majority of cleaning service families belong to prosperous category I with 2 informants, 3 informants belonging to prosperous family category II, and 2 informants belonging to prosperous family category III. This shows that the condition of cleaning service families working at the Indonesian Methodist Christian College-1 Medan (PKMI-1) is that there are still poor families, namely Jesika's mother's family and other families are no longer included in the poor category.

This research discusses the role of television advertising as a medium for conveying cultural and ethical values ​​in consumer society. Through a semiotic analysis approach, this study highlights how messages in advertising implicitly and explicitly encourage consumption patterns and construct a social reality that associates happiness and success with material possessions. In addition, branding strategies in advertising are proven to play an important role in shaping consumer identity through the emotional associations built between products and lifestyle. However, advertising practices often ignore ethical principles such as honesty, fairness and social responsibility, especially towards vulnerable groups. The results of this research emphasize the importance of integrating ethical values ​​in the advertising creative process and increasing public media literacy in order to create a healthier and more sustainable communication environment.

This research presents the basic concept of learning interaction, especially in the Indonesian classroom. A literature review is a technique used in this study. The data collection technique was carried out by searching for library sources based on the outline topic, grouping library sources based on relevance to the subject and year of the research, then sequencing the structure of explanations and comparing interrelated data. The data is then analyzed through 3 steps, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of the study explained that in general the interaction is divided into three patterns, (1) one-way patterns, (2) two-way patterns, and (3) multi-directional patterns. All three are needed in the learning process. However, what should be more dominant is the multi-directional pattern. In language classes, especially Indonesian interactions, learning interaction aims to develop four aspects of language skills, namely (1) listening, (2) speaking, (3) reading and (4) writing. Each aspect of skill has its pattern, technique/method. In addition, teacher and student activities during learning can be classified into seven categories of interactions known as the Brown Interaction Analysis System (BIAS).    

The phenomenon of online loans has emerged as a financial innovation that transforms the pattern of access to funds within urban communities. The convenience of obtaining loans without complex requirements has contributed to the rise of a consumerist lifestyle, especially among the younger generation. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the use of online loans and the dynamics of consumerist lifestyles in urban society. By employing a literature review and descriptive-qualitative analysis methods, the research reveals that low financial literacy, social pressure, and the influence of social media intensify the tendency toward instant loan-based consumerist behavior. Psychological factors such as FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) and the philosophy of YOLO (You Only Live Once) further reinforce this consumerist behavioral pattern. The results of the study show that the phenomenon of online loans not only impacts financial issues but also causes psychological stress and shapes compulsive consumption patterns.  

The development of vocational education requires Vocational High Schools (SMK) to align their competencies with student interests and industry needs. However, a mismatch between student interests and the competencies offered can result in low enrollment, requiring schools to consider closing certain programs. This study proposes the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) as a predictive method to determine the potential closure of vocational competencies based on an analysis of student interest patterns. The data used includes interest history, academic grades, and other preference indicators, which are then subjected to a preprocessing stage to ensure the quality of the model’s input. The ANN is trained to accurately recognize interest patterns, thus generating objective and adaptive decision-making recommendations. The results show that the ANN implementation provides high accuracy in predicting student interest trends and provides more precise The development of vocational education in Vocational High Schools (SMK) requires the ability to align skill competencies with students' interests and industry needs. A mismatch between students' interests and the competencies offered can lead to low interest in certain programs, which in turn may result in the decision to close those programs. This study proposes the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as a predictive method to determine the potential closure of skill competencies based on the analysis of students' interest patterns. The data used includes interest history, academic grades, and other preference indicators. This data is processed through a preprocessing stage to ensure the quality of input for the model. The ANN is trained to accurately recognize students' interest patterns, allowing it to generate more objective and adaptive decision recommendations. The results of the study show that the application of ANN has high accuracy in predicting students' interest trends and provides more precise recommendations compared to traditional methods. Therefore, this system can be an effective tool for schools to plan curriculum policies more strategically and sustainably, as well as support decisions regarding skill programs that align with students' interests and industry needs.  

Based on WHO data, cases of dyspepsia in the world reach 13-40% of the total population each year. Dyspepsia is one type of non-communicable disease that occurs not only in Indonesia, but also in the world. Irregular eating patterns, consumption of certain types of food such as sour, spicy and irritating foods are some of the factors that cause dyspepsia. To determine the relationship between dietary patterns and dyspepsia in female adolescents at the Hidayatullah Tanjung Morawa Islamic Boarding School in 2023. This study uses an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach, data collection using questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis using univariate tests and bivariate tests using the chi-square test. The majority of respondents were aged <16 years (70.3%). The incidence of dyspepsia was 70.3% or 45 respondents, of which 25 people (39.1%) had poor diet. Of the 29.7% of respondents who did not experience dyspepsia, 13 people (20.3%) had good diet. The majority of respondents often consumed spicy foods (67.1%) but rarely consumed sour foods (56.2%) and irritative foods (65.6%). The bivariate results between the relationship between diet and dyspepsia, spicy foods and dyspepsia, sour foods and dyspepsia, and irritative foods and dyspepsia were p-values ​​of 0.037, 0.041, 0.013, 0.526, respectively. There is a relationship between dietary patterns, types of sour and spicy foods with the incidence of dyspepsia, but there is no statistically significant relationship between the types of irritating foods and the incidence of dyspepsia in female adolescents at the Hidayatullah Tanjung Morawa Islamic Boarding School.

The film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap portrays Batak family life with an authentic and emotional approach. This study aims to analyze the authoritarian parenting style implemented by Pak Domu, the head of the family in the film. The research employs a qualitative method with content analysis. Data were collected through observation, documentation, interviews, and literature review. The analysis uses John Fiske’s semiotic approach, which includes three levels: reality, representation, and ideology. The findings reveal that the authoritarian parenting style is reflected through expressions, vocal intonation, behavior, dialogue, character, and conflict throughout the narrative. This parenting style is influenced by conservative, individualistic, fascist, and patriarchal ideologies embedded in the family’s cultural structure. The study highlights that healthy family relationships require honest communication, understanding each member’s feelings and desires, and avoiding coercion in interpersonal interactions. The film’s representation provides broader insight into the impact of authoritarian parenting on family dynamics. Moreover, the film serves as a reflective medium for viewers to recognize the importance of transforming parenting patterns in order to create harmonious family relationships. Therefore, this research contributes to enriching studies on parenting and family relationships within a local cultural context through cinematic representation.

The interaction between genetic and environmental factors plays a crucial role in determining phenotypic traits in organisms. This study aims to analyze these interactions using computational approaches, including statistical models and machine learning algorithms. The data used include genetic factors (genotypes) and simulated environmental factors. Results indicate that machine learning models such as Random Forest can detect interaction patterns with high accuracy, as demonstrated by significant R² values. Additionally, heatmap visualizations provide deeper insights into the non-linear effects of genetic-environment interactions. This study highlights the potential of computational methods in exploring complex interactions, with broad applications in health, agriculture, and biotechnology.

Image classification is a key field in digital image processing with broad applications, such as object recognition and disease detection. The use of artificial neural network architectures, such as MobileNetV2, has significantly advanced pattern recognition in large datasets. However, in small datasets, challenges related to accuracy and generalization are often encountered. This study explores an RGB-based approach utilizing MobileNetV2 for image feature extraction and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the classifier. MobileNetV2 is applied to extract features from RGB images, which are then further processed by SVM to determine image classes. The results indicate that this model achieves an accuracy of 91.67%, precision of 0.9163, recall of 0.9167, and F1-score of 0.9161. Based on the confusion matrix analysis, the model effectively distinguishes between classes, despite slight overlaps. This research contributes to the development of intelligent image classification systems that can be applied in various fields, including the food industry. With these achievements, the RGB approach integrating MobileNetV2 and SVM has proven effective in enhancing image classification accuracy, even with relatively small datasets. These findings open opportunities for applying similar methods in other image processing tasks that require high accuracy in object or disease detection and classification.

Poetry is a form of literary expression that contains physical and mental elements that are interrelated in building deeper and more complex meanings. The problem studied in this study is the identification and analysis of the physical and mental elements contained in the poems of Heri Isnaini, which are known for their imaginative power and emotional depth. This research aims to examine how these elements contribute to the formation of the meaning and aesthetics of poetry, as well as how these poems are able to provide an aesthetic experience to the reader through the choice of words and distinctive language styles. The method used in this study is a literature study, with an approach to literary text analysis to understand the elements that form poetry, both in terms of language and the message conveyed. The results of the study show that the physical elements in these poems include the use of diction rich in imagery, metaphorical and personified majas, and rhyme patterns that strengthen emotional and aesthetic nuances in each stanza. Meanwhile, the inner element depicts universal themes, such as longing, loneliness, love, and reflection of life, which are meaningfully expressed through the use of symbols and implied meanings in each line of the poem.

This study aims to analyze the process of affixation, which is the addition of elements to the basic form of a word, in three languages: Indonesian, English, and Javanese. Affixation is one of the important morphological processes in the formation of words that reflects the structure and characteristics of each language. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach by utilizing speech from the three languages as comparative data. Data was collected through the listening method, which is by observing the use of language in various contexts, both oral and written, including excerpts from texts that contain language errors. The analysis was carried out on the basic forms of words that undergo the process of affixation, focusing on four types of affixes: prefixes (prefixes), infixes (inserts), suffixes (suffixes), and confixes (a combination of prefixes and suffixes). The results show that the three languages have a distinctive affixation pattern, although there are some similarities in the function and purpose of word formation. Indonesian and Javanese tend to have a more complex and productive attribution structure than English, which is more dominant in using suffixes in the formation of new words. This study also found that language errors in writing are often related to the use of affixes that are not in accordance with the morphological rules of each language. These findings show the importance of understanding the process of affixation in language learning and language competence development. By understanding the differences and similarities in the process of interlingual affixation, it is hoped that language learners and practitioners can improve the accuracy of word use and enrich cross-cultural linguistic insights.

Academic anxiety is a prevalent concern encountered by students before to examinations, which may adversely affect academic performance.  This article aims to illustrate successful approaches derived from the Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach to mitigate students' academic anxiety.  The used process may include a literature evaluation by examining 20 relevant and cohesive periodicals.  The findings demonstrate that CBT therapies, including individual or group counselling, self-talk techniques, progressive muscle relaxation, and systematic desensitisation, are very successful in reducing student anxiety.  Cognitive Behavioural Therapy enables students to identify and modify negative thought patterns that provoke anxiety into more rational and adaptive thinking.  By implementing appropriate methods, students may prepare for examinations with more tranquilly and confidence.  This article is anticipated to be a valuable reference for school counsellors and educators in developing mental intervention programmes to enhance kids' overall well-being.