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This study aims to determine differences instudent learning outcomes in SMA Negeri 18 Medan. The population in this study were all Class XI IPA consisting of five classes. The sample in this study was taken randomly and selected two classes, namely Class XI IPA 1 and class XI IPA 2 was used as the experimental class 1 and 2  with the PBL and DL model. There are two instruments used in this study, namely the test instrument and the non-test instrument. The test instrument for measuring learning outcomes is in the form of multiple choice of 20 valid and reliable questions.. Data were analyzed by independent sample t test. The results showed that for the experimental class 1:  learning outcomes 83.3 ± 7.8. While the experimental class 2:  learning outcomes 76.0 ± 11.01. From the statistical test it was obtained sig for learning outcomes sig (0.001) < α (0.05) H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, as well as the learning outcomes obtained value sig (0.000) < α (0.05) and sig (0.001) < α (0.05) in experimental class 1 and 2 respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in  learning outcomes.    

Indonesia is a country with a tropical climate, so it can produce high diversity, and plants adapt. This includes educational areas with green areas and a fairly even level of diversity, especially in the Anacardiaceae family with special characteristics, such as woody trees, resin channels, plants belonging to the shrub habitus, and single and compound leaves. This study used cruise methods or cruising methods by calculating and analyzing the actual situation in the environment of State Islamic University Sunan Gunung Djati Campus I. There were two genera and three species found, namely the genus Spondias with its species Spondias pinnata or amra and the genus Mangifera with its species Mangifera indica or mango and Mangifera odorata or kweni.    

This research explores the importance of studying English minimal pairs of vowels and their impact on language learners' pronunciation skills. The discussion highlights the significance of differentiating vowel sounds through the analysis of minimal pairs, which consist of words sharing consonant sounds but differing in vowel articulation. By focusing on specific minimal pairs such as [iː] / [ɪ], [æ] / [ʌ], [ɑ:] / [ɔ], [ɛ], and [ɒ], learners can refine their ability to recognize and produce the distinct vowel sounds accurately. Mastering these minimal pairs enhances phonemic awareness, enabling learners to differentiate between similar vowel sounds, thereby improving overall pronunciation accuracy. Furthermore, the study of minimal pairs contributes to word differentiation, listening skills, and spelling and reading proficiency. It empowers learners to grasp the subtle nuances in vowel pronunciation, thereby enhancing their ability to comprehend and communicate effectively in English. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding and application of English minimal pairs of vowels are vital for language learners striving to achieve optimal pronunciation proficiency.   English minimal pairs of vowel

Perianal fistula is a condition where a cavity forms in the area around the rectum and fills with pus. Perianal fistula is an anorectal disorder that arises due to obstruction of the anal crypts. If left untreated perianal fistula can lead to serious complications such as perineal gangrene and sepsis. A large number of perianal abscesses will recur within a year or two, especially if predisposing factors are present. This study aims to determine patient characteristics and management of perianal fistula patients at Cut Meutia General Hospital in 2018-2021. This is a retrospective descriptive study using secondary data from perianal fistula patients at Cut Meutia General Hospital. The results of the study were 11 patients diagnosed with perianal fistula based on medical record data that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the age range criteria, the most patients with perianal fistulas were in the age group range of 20 - 40 and 41-60 years, each of which was 5 patients (45.45%), male patients were the most, namely 9 patients (81.18%), based on the operation of perianal fistula patients who underwent surgery the most using LIFT procedures were 7 patients (63.63%), and based on the history of recurrence, the most patients who experienced new/primary cases of perianal fistula were as many as 9 patients (81.8%).

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome (a collection of signs and symptoms) characterized by dyspnea and fatigue (at rest or during activity) due to abnormalities in the structure and function of the heart. CHF can be caused by diseases that cause reduced ventricular filling (diastolic dysfunction) and/or myocardial contraction (systolic dysfunction). The purpose of this study is so that the authors are able to perform Nursing Care for Decreased Cardiac Output in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Patients. used is a case study, this research is descriptive in the form of a case report which is a nursing analysis. This research was conducted from 26 December 2022 - 07 January 2023, with a total sample of 3 respondents. The case data showed that the three patients had a history of hypertension, 1 patient with a history of Diabetes Mellitus, 2 patients had a Medical Diagnosis of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and 1 patient had a Medical Diagnosis of Hypertensive Heart Disease (HHD). The three patients had the same cardiac EKG, namely Arrhythmia, 2 patients had results of Photo Thorax Cardiomegaly and All patients had a weak general condition with Composmentis awareness. With the appointment of a nursing diagnosis of Decreased Cardiac Output. The three patients had a history of the same disease, namely hypertension and 1 patient had diabetes mellitus and used the nursing diagnosis of decreased cardiac output.

Introduction: Head injury is a traumatic disorder of brain function that does not result in a disconnection of brain continuity and can occur with or without interstitial hemorrhage of the brain substance. Purpose:Acute pain is one of the nursing problems experienced by patients with head injuries. To analyze the application of finger hold therapy interventions in reducing pain in patients with mild head injuries. Research methods: is Pre Experimental, which is a design with a One group pre test post test design approach, when this study was carried out from December 21, 2022 to January 23, 2023, with a sample of 6 patients. Research Results: The frequency of patients who experienced moderate pain levels before treatment was 4 patients (66.7.7%), and severe pain levels were 2 patients (33.3%) while the distribution of psien frequency who experienced mild pain levels after treatment was 3 respondents (50.0%), moderate pain levels were 1 patient (16.7%) and berst pain levels were 2 patients (33.3%). This shows that there is no change in pain levels in patients with severe pain scales, because finger hold terap cannot be applied to patients with severe pain levels.Conclusion :This study showed that there is an effect of finger hold therapy in reducing pain in patients with mild head injuries

Located in a residential area and prone to disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis, SMA Negeri 10 Bandar Lampung is at risk of being affected by collapsed buildings and fires. School buildings, which are multi-story, also add to the risks that can be caused. The unavailability of adequate evacuation maps and the absence of mitigation training for the existing academic community can also increase the risks arising from disasters that may occur at any time. To reduce this risk, disaster mitigation training was conducted for the academic community and preparation of evacuation maps. This activity increased the trainees’ knowledge by 48.8% so that the academic community at SMA Negeri 10 Bandar Lampung would be more prepared to mitigate in the event of a disaster.

The development of cultural literacy and citizenship is an important aspect of primary education. This study aims to analyze different approaches to developing cultural literacy and citizenship in four elementary schools located in Pekanbaru. The four schools included in this research are SDN 182, SDN 195, SDN 21, and SDN 180. This research utilizes a qualitative descriptive approach by analyzing data from field observations, interviews with teachers and students, and documentary studies. The findings of the study indicate that these four schools have different approaches to developing cultural literacy and citizenship. SDN 182 adopts a habituation approach by teaching students to sing the national anthem before starting Civic Education lessons and involving them in community service activities. SDN 195 implements a developmental approach by requiring students to serve as flag ceremony officials, memorize the UUD 1945 (Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia), and understand Pancasila (the foundational philosophy of Indonesia). SDN 21 employs a developmental approach to literacy through extracurricular programs held on Saturdays, introducing Indonesian cultures to students. SDN 180 encompasses various aspects, including flag ceremonies, cultural introductions, and organizing dance extracurricular activities. This research provides a deeper understanding of the diverse approaches that can be employed to develop cultural literacy and citizenship in elementary schools. The findings serve as a foundation for schools and relevant stakeholders in designing effective and student-centered learning programs. Additionally, this study offers inspiration for the development of cultural literacy and citizenship at higher levels of education.

The teaching method is a method used by a Sunday school teacher in teaching, guiding, advising and directing Sunday school children in understanding the word or works of God by using ICT. However, in reality, Sunday school teachers do not make use of ICT in organizing teaching and learning activities, even though they already understand that ICT greatly supports or helps the child's level of mastery of subject matter as a tool for achieving teaching and learning goals. In this study, the steps taken by the author to examine the literature search method. Literature search includes searching from various sources of literature from magazines, books and other sources to facilitate research, the method is to find material related to the discussion of this article, both physically and digitally or manually. Thus, so that learning can be effective and not boring, Sunday school teachers are required to be able to use ICT as a learning method when teaching. So in this case the Sunday school teacher will find it easier to provide learning as well as children will find it easier to capture and understand learning, not get bored in learning, and will have an interest and curiosity in the lessons being studied. The use of ICT as a teaching method for Sunday school teachers will generate new desires and interests for children and the media can control the pace of learning and provide a comprehensive experience for children from concrete and abstract things. So, teaching methods using information and communication technology will have a major influence or impact on learning outcomes with the desired goals.

This study aims to explain the importance of developing teacher professional competence as a key factor in improving student learning outcomes. In the context of education, the teacher's role is not only limited to conveying subject matter, but also involves the ability to plan, implement and evaluate the learning process. In an era of education that continues to develop, teachers must be able to face new challenges that arise, such as technological developments, curriculum changes, and the diverse needs of students. Therefore, teachers need to continue to develop their professional competence in order to meet the increasingly high demands and expectations from society, students, and the education system. The development of teacher professional competence includes various aspects, such as in-depth academic knowledge, effective teaching skills, ability to adapt to change, and a positive professional attitude. Teachers who have good professional competence are able to present a conducive learning environment, facilitate productive interactions between students, and provide constructive feedback. In this study, an analysis was conducted of various methods and strategies for developing teacher professional competence, such as training, supervision, mentoring, and collaboration between teachers. In addition, the factors that influence the success of teacher professional competence development are also discussed, including school leadership support, a conducive work environment, and teacher motivation in self-development. The results of the study show that the development of teacher professional competence has a significant effect on student learning outcomes. Teachers who have good professional competence are able to design interesting lessons, choose strategies that suit the needs of students, and provide effective feedback. This has a positive impact on the involvement of students in learning and increasing their academic achievement.

This study discusses the negative impact of YouTube on learning English. This is due to advances in technology and information that have caused many users to use applications, one of which is YouTube which is used as a learning medium, but they are not aware of the effects that will occur if they cannot regulate what they use. they see or hear. Literature research was used in writing this article, which includes collection and analysis from various sources, such as documents, books (e-books), research journals, and other related online articles. After collecting the necessary data, the author reads and documents sources that relate to the topics discussed. The results of the study show that there are many negative impacts of YouTube that arise because of a lack of understanding in selecting quality English learning materials.

This study aims to describe the perspective of language function from a phenomenological perspective, this research method is a qualitative descriptive or critical review of several linguist theories. The results of this study compare that the function of language phenomenologically always changes in every era seen from how humans think and develop according to changing times. Language as a communication tool is certainly one of the wonders of the world because of how each region or country has its own language which is very useful for exchanging information.

In this case the differences that exist in two different languages Pronunciation can be a barrier to communication. A speaker can cause misunderstandings when he mispronounces a word in a foreign language. English has a number and types of sounds that are very different from the number of sounds in that language. Indonesian.Also, a letter with a different word can represent a different sound. The aim of this course is to equip students with knowledge of English vowels so that they can improve the pronunciation of English words to make them better and correct. This training is conducted online via Zoom Media because You are taking the semester through the use of two approaches namely teaching and training.Although not 100% of partners succeed in producing the correct pronunciation, improvements can be seen in the pronunciation of the accompaniment. Partners, meanwhile, had a positive attitude toward the activity through active participation in the training provided and also satisfaction. From the survey data provided by the service team, partners were identified as part of the campaign.Barriers encountered during the activity were due to the partner's lack of confidence and the influence of the partner's mother tongue.

COVID-19 yang berdampak pada sektor UMKM sangat berpengaruh pada keadaan perkenomian Indonesia yang terlihat dari kontribusi UMKM pada perekonomian Indonesia yang sangat besar pada berbagai bidang Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian kualitatif adalah dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Observasi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengamatan. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan jenis Umkm dari F&B dengan nama usaha yang digeluti yaitu Pentol Bos Kabul dan Pentol Boska. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengetahui untuk melengkapi data dan upaya memperoleh data yang akurat dan sumber data yang tepat. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis mewawancarai pemilik usaha umkm F&B.Studi dokumentasi dalam penelitian ini diperlukan untuk mempertajam analisis penelitian yang berkaitan dengan penjualan bisnis UMKM F&B dalam masa Covid dan turnover.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa motivasi dan komitmen organisasional tidak berpengaruh terhadap permodalan usaha.Bisnis UMKM didirikan pada juni 2020 lepas pada saat pandemi melanda Faktor tersebut yang menjadi ketertarikan bagi bapak tersebut untuk membuka usaha pentol.Bisnis ini juga menerapkan sistem digitalisasi mengingat dengan arus perkembangan jaman dan besarnya pengarus digitalisasi

Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of healthcare services provided to the community. It is essential for healthcare workers to be familiar with the available internet, intranet, and extranet access within hospitals. The significance of such access for healthcare professionals lies in their ability to exercise caution and maintain the confidentiality of patient information in the digital era. The purpose of having this access for healthcare workers is to understand the utilization and differentiate between applications available in hospitals that fall under internet, intranet, and extranet access. Additionally, it allows them to delve deeper into subjects in theory or research and assist readers in better understanding them, along with their implications. This article discusses the definition, differences, and examples of applications available in hospitals with internet, intranet, and extranet access.

Penelitian ini menganalisis tentang optimalisasi pengelolaan BUMDes Niagara Desa Wangisagara Kabupaten Bandung dalam pengembangannya yang awalnya Desa Wangisagara termasuk dalam desa tertinggal hingga meraih omset 30 M per tahun. BUMDes didirikan oleh pemerintah desa dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan perekonomian masyarakat desa. Pemerintah Desa Wangisagara dinilai berhasil dalam strategi mengembangkan BUMDes Niagara yang menjadikan Desa Wangisagara menjadi percontohan di Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana optimalisasi pengelolaan BUMDes Niagara Desa. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari literatur, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan keberadaan BUMDes Niagara memberikan manfaat bagi kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat desa tidak terlepas dari partisipasi masyarakat desa terhadap jalannya BUMDes Niagara.

This paper will discuss democracy in Islamic education. The discussion on democracy in Islamic education starts from the most general definition of democracy, then democracy aims to provide equal opportunities for every student to achieve the highest level of education according to his abilities. As for what is meant by democracy is defined as an ideology or a way of life that prioritizes equal rights, obligations, and treatment for all citizens. In the context of education, democracy is shown by giving equal attention and effort to students, regardless of their natural ability, health or social status.

Museum Misi OSF (Ordo St. Fransiskus) bertindak sebagai sebuah fasilitas pendidikan yang bertujuan untuk membina calon guru agama Katolik dalam aspek karakter dan spiritualitas. Museum ini didedikasikan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang ajaran dan nilai-nilai Katolik kepada calon guru, agar mereka dapat menjadi pengajar yang berkualitas dan mampu membimbing siswa dalam pengembangan karakter dan kehidupan rohani.   Museum Misi OSF menyediakan berbagai sumber daya yang beragam, termasuk seni religius, artefak bersejarah, literatur teologis, dan materi pembelajaran yang relevan. Para calon guru dapat menjelajahi koleksi ini melalui tur interaktif, pameran, dan kegiatan pembelajaran lainnya. Museum ini juga menyelenggarakan program pendidikan khusus yang dirancang untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mereka tentang ajaran Katolik, sejarah Gereja, dan praktik spiritual.  Melalui pengalaman  Museum Misi OSF, calon guru iman Katolik dapat mengembangkan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang hidup dalam ajaran Katolik dengan karakter dan spiritualitas. Mereka  belajar tentang nilai-nilai seperti cinta, kerendahan hati, pengampunan, dan pelayanan kepada orang lain yang menjadi dasar kehidupan yang layak untuk beriman.   Selain itu, Museum Misi OSF juga menawarkan ruang bagi calon guru untuk berefleksi dan berefleksi. Mereka dapat menggunakan fasilitas  museum ini untuk beribadah, bermeditasi atau melakukan praktik spiritual lainnya yang membantu pertumbuhan pribadi dan spiritual mereka. Ini memungkinkan mereka untuk menjadi panutan bagi siswa mereka dan membimbing mereka dalam kehidupan spiritual mereka. Dengan demikian, Museum Misi OSF menjadi sarana penting dalam penyiapan para guru agama Katolik masa depan yang menambah pengetahuan, pemahaman dan pengalaman ajaran Katolik, hidup berkarakter dan mengembangkan spiritualitas. Melalui pemanfaatan sumber daya yang beragam dan program pendidikan yang terstruktur, museum ini berperan dalam mendidik generasi guru  Katolik yang kompeten, jujur, dan mampu menginspirasi serta membimbing siswa untuk hidup beriman dan bertujuan.

As prospective managers of Islamic educational institutions we must know the hadith relating to management itself. The method used is a qualitative approach. The data collection technique used in this research is library research. The results and discussion of this article are this is related to human resource management in perfect Islam. The review of hadith can be interpreted as a process of managing and realizing human and Muslim society to truly believe in and fear Allah and are expected to be able to carry out full responsibility duties, reproduce scholars who have Islamic qualities , faith, knowledge, and noble character for the sake of building himself and his society seen from the perspective of the hadith of the Prophet Adapu the conclusion of this article is Management of the Prophet Muhammad and Khulafaurrasyiddin Management of human resources at the time of the Prophet placed a person seen from being able or not knya completed a mandate given especially in the field of management. That he put the right person in the right position or "the right man in the right place". Placing someone according to their expertise is one of the characteristics of Islamic professionalism. And put more emphasis on the professionalism of an employee.. Rasulullah and his friends really implemented these noble values in their leadership.

Medokan Ayu Village is 3 km from the UPN "Veteran" East Java campus. The location of this service is located in Griya Amerta Housing RW 15, Medokan Ayu Village. Like housing in general, residential land area is usually relatively small, has relatively narrow yards and the distance between houses is also close to each other. So that the area of ​​the yard owned by the community for cultivating crops while developing agriculture is not very supportive. Verticulture or what can be called vertical farming is a system of cultivating plants vertically, so that the planting medium is put in a container that stands and rises up. This cultivation technique can be used in two ways, namely with water and soil as the planting medium. Pakcoy can be harvested when it is 40-50 days old, while curly lettuce can be harvested when it is 40-60 days old. This verticulture cultivation uses a mixture of several planting media such as soil, cocopeat, roasted husks, and kohe. The goal is for the plants to meet their nutritional needs and nutrients, so that the plants can grow optimally and have good quality.