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This research is a quasi-experimental research. The research conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Labuhan Deli aims to find out. 1) To find out how the mathematical communication ability of students who learn to use Macromedia Flash. 2) To find out how the mathematical communication ability of students who learn without using Macromedia Flash. 3) To find out whether the mathematical communication of students who learn using Macromedia Flash media is better than the mathematical communication of students who learn without using Macromedia Flash media for class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Labuhan Deli T.A. 2021/2022. The population in this study were all students of class VII at SMP Negeri 1 Labuhan Deli. Using a homogeneous technique, samples were taken from 2 classes of population. One class was used as the experimental class, namely class VII-2 which was taught with Macromedia Flash and class VII-3 which was used as the control class, namely class which was taught without using Macromedia Flash. As a data collection tool using PreTest and PostTest. In this study 1) the mathematical communication ability of students learning to use Macromedia Flash with an average pretest of 67.77 and a posttest of 85.54. 2) the mathematical communication ability of students who learn without using Macromedia Flash with an average pretest of 67.13 and a posttest of 77.54. then testing the hypothesis for learning outcomes using paired t-test. after testing the data, it turns out that the results of testing the ability of learning outcomes in the experimental class at the pretest level α = 0.05 with Lcount < Ltable, namely 0.09452 <0.192 and posttest 0.1228 <0.192 , and the results of testing the ability of learning outcomes in the control class at the pretest level α = 0.05 with Lcount < Ltable, namely 0.1014 < 0.184 and posttest 0.1659 < 0.184, then H0 is accepted and Hi is rejected. Thus it can be concluded that the mathematical communication ability of students who use macromedia flash media are better than those without using macromedia flash media.

This research was conducted in Tanjung Pinggir, Siantar Martoba District to determine the optimization of electrical installations using the Boruvka algorithm to find a minimum spanning tree node with a minimum number of 3 consecutive nodes. Edges that do not form a circuit. Based on data obtained from PT. PLN (Persero) UP3 Pematangsiantar, then a picture of the installed network graph is obtained. The results obtained for the electrical installation diagram were obtained by using Python and the 2,591 meter Boruvka algorithm to obtain a minimum spanning tree. In this case, the electricity distribution cable is reduced by 41 meters compared to the previous total installation of 2,632 meters.

Studying phonemes is a part of phonology, so writing this article is about learning basic phonemes. Phonemes are the basic level of phonological learning because phonemes are the smallest basic units that form the elements that make up speech sounds. Therefore, in this article we will study the basic phoneme which is the smallest functional unit of language. a phoneme cannot stand alone because a phoneme has no meaning, but its role is very important because a phoneme can distinguish meaning. For example, the phonemes [l] and [r]. If we separate these two phonemes, we will definitely not understand their meaning. A phoneme has an identity basis which is called the meaning distinguishing function of the sound units of language. The method used in this article is a method that collects information through questionnaires to analyze students' understanding of phonemic learning and draw conclusions about basic phonemic learning, whether learning is important and easy to understand.  

Mathematics is a scientific field that investigates formless structures and forms of interaction within them. Mathematical interaction is a powerful tool used to express mathematical opinions verbally or in writing. The Think-Talk-Write (TTW) learning approach is designed to facilitate the construction, reflection, and organization of new mathematical views. This study aims to explore the efficacy of using TTW learning examples as a tactic to enhance the quality of students' mathematical communication, and to assess the impact of this approach. In order to achieve these goals, researchers used classroom action research in two stages of testing. The study involved 21 students in grade VIII at SMP Parulian 1 Medan. The initial ability test revealed that the students' mathematical communication ability scores were 34.2%. After conducting test activities in cycle I, the average mathematical communication ability of students rose to 36.8%. In the second cycle (II), the percentage result increased to 88%. The results of the research demonstrate that students in Class VIII at SMP Parulian 1 Medan experience a significant improvement in their mathematical communication skills through learning via the Think-Talk-Write model. We can conclude that this approach is an effective way to enhance students' mathematical communication skills.    

Two graphs are operated with various operations, one of which is Operation Corona. The graphs that are operated in this paper are circle graphs and star graphs. Both graphs are operated with Operation Corona. The graph resulting from the operation is then colored using the Greedy Algorithm. The Chromatic Number obtained from the results of the Corona Operation on a graph (Cn ⊙ Sm) is χC_n⊙S_m = 3 for every m,n ≥ 3, {m,n ∈ N}. Because the graph resulting from the corona operation is non-commutative, the chromatic number obtained from the graph (Cn ⊙ Sm) is different from the graph (Sm ⊙ Cn). The chromatic number from the corona operation on the graph (Sm ⊙ Cn) is divided into 2, namely: χS_m⊙C_n = 3 for every odd n, and χS_m⊙C_n = 4 for every even n, m ≥ 3, n ≥ 4, {m, n ∈ N}.

The rapid development of vehicles has an impact on increasing the need for parking space, thus demanding the need for availability and land management that provides convenience and comfort for motorists. Plaza Medan Fair mall is still not optimal in planning and managing parking lots, this can be seen from the number of vehicles that do not get parking spaces while parking is still available, besides that the placement of parking cars has not been arranged so that visitors still have difficulty in finding a parking space. This can have an impact on not optimal parking lot income. Parking lot management can be done by classifying parking by categorizing vehicles according to their group considering that each vehicle has a different size and can be grouped according to type. Optimization of parking management can be done using the branch and bound method integer program. The branch and bound method is a method to find the optimal solution to the integer problem with the concept of branching and bounding. The results of the study found that there were 200 parking spaces for small cars, 651 parking spaces, 651 parking spaces, 226 large cars and 70 parking spaces. The maximum parking income obtained by Plaza Medan Fair mall is Rp10,023,000.-.

The main problem of the Traveling Salesman Problem is that a salesman travels to several places to go with a known distance and then returns to his original place by using the shortest route from his journey, and all the places the salesman goes to are only allowed once. This research focuses on the problem of distributing goods at PT. The Medan Nugraha Ekakurir (JNE) route with the destination delivery address in the Medan area. The Cheapest Insertion Heuristic Algorithm is an algorithm used to form tours (travels) by gradually building the shortest path route with minimal weight, by adding new points one at a time. One. The Nearest Neighbor Algorithm is a simple and fast algorithm to build a feasible initial tour length from TSP where the technique takes the shortest distance from the initial position regardless of other distances. This study resulted in the conclusion that the application of the cheapest insertion heuristic and nearest neighbor algorithms in terms of finding the distance to the problem of shipping goods at PT. The Medan Nugraha Ekakurir (JNE) route starts with finding the distance between addresses with the help of google maps, then continues with the help of the WinQSB software. Based on the research results obtained using the cheapest insertion heuristic and nearest neighbor algorithms, it is obtained that the search for the shortest route distance for shipping goods at PT. The smaller Medan Nugraha Ekakurir (JNE) route is generated by the nearest neighbor algorithm. This shows that the nearest neighbor algorithm is more effective in terms of finding the traveling distance on the Traveling Salesman Problem problem of shipping goods at PT. Medan's Nugraha Ekakurir (JNE) Line.

Kruskal's algorithm in searching for minimum spanning trees can be applied to pipelines installed at the location of PDAM Tirtanadi Tuasan where problem identification starts with the water discharge reaching the consumer is small but the discharge flowing from the reservoir is sufficient, so this research is used as a solution to this problem and also as an optimization of the clean water distribution network in the Tirtanadi Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) of the Tuasan Branch with the intention of cutting the direction of the pipe flow to overcome this problem. The data obtained from PDAM Tirtanadi Tuasan Branch is in the form of a floor plan and formed into a weighted graph. After the data is obtained, then it is calculated manually that the length of the installed water pipe is 32,645 m with 86 vertices and 100 edges, then the pipe length is represented as a set of paths and the pipe connection ends are represented as nodes. The pipe length obtained using Kruskal's algorithm and inspection of iterations using the QM for windows software is 22,095 m, with 86 vertices and 85 edges. So, using the Kruskal Algorithm and the help of the QM for windows software, the difference in pipe length obtained is 10,610 m.

This study aims to improve mathematical problem solving through the inquiry learning model assisted by the kahoot! in SMA Negeri 1 Pahae Julu students T.A.2022/2023. The subjects in this study were 34 students of SMA Negeri 1 Pahae Julu T.A.2022/2023 and the object of this study was an increase in mathematical problem solving through the inquiry learning model assisted by the kahoot! application. Before conducting the research, the researcher first gave a pre-test on 2 the initial observation, which was carried out in 1 meeting. From the results of data analysis, it was obtained that the average mathematical problem solving was 65.176 with the percentage of students who completed 52.94%. Therefore, an effort is needed to improve mathematical problem solving through an inquiry learning model assisted by the kahoot! in SMA Negeri 1 Pahae Julu students T.A.2022/2023. An effort made is called research. This type of research is classroom action research conducted in 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of 2 meetings. The results of data analysis in cycle I obtained an average of 71.941 mathematical problem solving with a percentage of students who completed 76.47% experienced an increase in cycle II obtained an average of 76.059 mathematical problem solving with the percentage of students who completed 79.41%. The class has completely solved the problem in cycle II research. Thus it can be concluded that the research objectives have been achieved, namely to improve mathematical problem solving through the inquiry learning model assisted by the kahoot! in SMA Negeri 1 Pahae Julu students T.A.2022/2023.

This research was motivated by the need to assess the effectiveness of lesson plans prepared by class XI biology teachers with reference to the 2013 curriculum. This evaluation aims to understand to what extent the quality of lesson plans includes the expected competencies and to what extent these lesson plans can support an effective learning process. In addition, this study also wanted to evaluate the correlation between the contents of lesson plans and student learning outcomes, with the aim of identifying the extent to which the implementation of lesson plans based on Curriculum 13 had an impact on the level of understanding and academic achievement of students. This research uses a qualitative approach. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Aek Songsongan with the research subject being a biology teacher. Data collected by interview technique. Data analysis techniques through data collection, data reduction, data display, and data conclusions. The results showed that the lesson plans based on the 2013 Curriculum have a significant correlation with student learning outcomes in Biology subject so that an organized and structured lesson plan helps enable more focused and efficient learning and encourages the use of innovative and participatory learning methods that involve students more actively.

The independent curriculum is a curriculum that has various learning topics and is more flexible for teachers and students. In fact, the government gives full authority and responsibility to all schools to create a curriculum that suits their needs and culture. The purpose of this research is to find and explain the obstacles faced by teachers in implementing the independent curriculum. Thus, research schools can determine the appropriate method to overcome this obstacle. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The data collected is based on interviews and literature reviews from journals that discuss the independent curriculum. The results of the study show that teachers face a number of challenges in implementing an independent curriculum. Some of these challenges include the government not socializing the independent curriculum, preparing teachers to switch to an independent curriculum, and the availability of educational resources available to teachers, which are still focused on textbooks and handbooks.

Students' understanding of physics concepts differs from one student to another. Based on the results of the five-tier conceptual diagnostic test, students' conceptions can be grouped based on several levels of conception. One of them is a misconception. This study aims to develop a five-tier format test instrument on Newton's Law material, test the validity and reliability of the test instrument, and use test instruments that have been developed to determine the level of conception of 20 students. The question instrument developed has been declared valid and reliable. The results of the final trial of 20 students showed that more than 50% of students experienced misconceptions. 

Problem solving skills are important for students to overcome various problems related to learning and community life. This involves students actively exploring, observing, trying, and investigating using the knowledge and abilities they have. Problem solving is the main focus of developing students' higher order thinking skills in mathematics. This research was conducted by means of observation, interviews, and post-test methods on the 4th grade students of SD Negeri 7 Gondosari. In the results of the discussion, there are 10 data from 31 students which can describe a good level of problem solving. Some students experienced difficulties in implementing the problem and re-examining the results of the solution. Therefore, it is important for students to continue to hone their problem solving abilities using the Polya procedure and to re-check the correctness of the solutions that have been done.

The labeling of a graph is a mapping that pairs the elements in the graph into positive integers. In this thesis, it discusses how the magic total point labeling algorithm on the  ladder graph and the  ladder graph and how the magic total point labeling on the  ladder graph and the adder graph uses the magic square matrix modification using the durer method. Where the elements of the result of this magic square matrix modification will be used as point labels on the  ladder graph and the ladder graph. 

This study aims to determine the best selling food and beverage products at Caffe Kopi Kito. Data mining is the process of extracting useful information and patterns from very large data. Data mining includes data collection, data extraction, data analysis, and data statistics. The Apriori algorithm is a classic algorithm in data mining. This algorithm is used to see the intensity of occurrence of the relevant itemset or frequent items or association rules. This study uses consumer transaction data for 30 days in January 2023. Transaction data will be collected first based on the day and number of transactions, then the transaction data that has been collected will be grouped according to each item, the data that has been grouped will be carried out a priori algorithm process to determine the most dominant product. Then a system design will be carried out whose result will be a website. The results showed that using the website-based a priori algorithm could determine the most dominant product at Caffe Kopi Kito and make it easier for users to determine the most dominant product. Based on the results of product sales analysis at Cafee Kopi Kito, it can be concluded that working on the a priori algorithm on Caffe Kopi Kito using a website can be said to have the result of a product combination and in the future it can be used to create the best-selling menu packages at Cafee Kopi Kito.

This study aims to obtain a constructivism-based e-module that is valid, practical, and effective, so that it can assist students in understanding the material for a two-variable linear equation system. The research instruments used were lesson plans, material validation sheets and e-module media, learning outcomes tests, and student and teacher response questionnaire sheets. After all instruments, lesson plans, and e-modules were declared valid by the validator, then readability tests and field trials were carried out. The results showed that: (1) the developed E-Module had met the validity values, namely (3.37 and 3.25) with a very feasible category; (2) The developed E-Module has met the practical value (79.75% and 90.5%) with very practical category; (3) The developed E-Module meets the effective criteria with the completeness of student learning outcomes that meet the criteria, namely 85% of students have obtained a score of 75 and the achievement of each indicator/learning objective is more than 65% of the total students.

Antrian adalah fenomena atau kejadian yang sering dijumpai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Antrian yang sangat panjang dapat merugikan pihak yang membutuhkan pelayanan jika tidak dilayani dengan cepat, karena banyaknya waktu yang digunakan  terbuang selama menunggu giliran pelayanan. PT. Bank Sumut Kantor Pusat Medan merupakan salah satu bank daerah yang sumber dananya berasal dari simpanan masyarakat. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui model sistem antrian serta menemukan alternatif untuk mengoptimalkan sistem pelayanan pada PT. Bank Sumut Kantor Pusat Medan. Sistem antrian teller yang diterapkan oleh bank ini adalah sistem antrian yang terdapat lebih dari satu jenis layanan yang diberikan, tetapi dalam setiap jenis layanan hanya terdapat satu pemberi layanan dengan memberi nomor antrian atau yang sering disebut Multi Channel Single Phase. Disiplin antrian yang digunakan pada bank ini yaitu  first come first served (FCFS). Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan, model antrian yang diperoleh adalah  yang berarti bahwa tingkat kedatangan nasabah berdistribusi Poisson, waktu pelayanan nasabah berdistribusi Eksponensial, jumlah server sebanyak empat, disiplin antrian adalah First Come First Serve (FCFS), jumlah nasabah yang masuk dalam sistem tidak terhingga dan ukuran populasi masuk tidak terhingga. Dengan dilakukannya evaluasi terhadap kinerja teller dapat membantu mengoptimalkan antrian yang terjadi pada PT. Bank Sumut Kantor Pusat Medan. Selain itu, Bank juga dapat menerapkan standar waktu pelayanan dan standar waktu tunggu nasabah.

Pemberian kredit selalu memiliki risiko seperti kredit macet, sehingga pihak kreditur (bank) dituntut untuk lebih objektif dan akurat dalam mengevaluasi setiap permohonan kredit. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna menemukan algoritma mana yang paling akurat dalam memberikan suatu keputusan kredit, dengan melakukan perbandingan terhadap algoritma XGBoost dan algoritma Random Forest. Pada kedua algoritma digunakan data berukuran 10.000 dan 100.000 dengan 19 variabel yang relevan dalam pengambilan keputusan kartu kredit. Proses penelitian ini melibatkan pre-processing data, splitting data, training data, parameter tuning dengan Random Search, testing data, serta evaluasi model dengan confusion matrix. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa kedua algoritma menghasilkan kinerja model yang cukup kompetitif, dimana XGBoost mampu mencapai 1.0 untuk semua metrik evaluasi baik pada data berukuran 10.000 maupun data berukuran 100.000. Random Forest sendiri berakurasi 0.998 untuk data berukuran 10.000 dan 0.999 untuk data berukuran 100.000. Akan tetapi, Random Forest hanya mampu mencapai F1-score sebesar 0.700 untuk data berukuran 10.000. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua algoritma memiliki performa yang sangat baik dan akurat dalam mengklasifikasikan keputusan pada data kartu kredit. Namun, Random Forest kurang akurat bila digunakan pada data berukuran kecil yang tidak seimbang.

Inventory control is very important for companies because without proper inventory control the company will experience problems in meeting consumer needs both in the form of goods and services produced by the company. RSUD Dr. Pirngadi is one of the companies that uses conventional methods to calculate the total cost of inventory so that the costs incurred both for ordering syringes and storage costs are still high, therefore it is necessary to control the inventory of syringes which aims to minimise inventory costs so that company goals can be achieved. In solving the problem of controlling inventory costs to minimise total inventory costs, namely using robust optimisation. Robust optimisation is an optimisation model that contains uncertainty data to obtain the right solution using linear program solving. The results of research at the RSUD Dr. Pirngadi obtained the total cost of inventory according to company policy for the use of 3 mL Terumo syringes is Rp.426,104,665 while the robust optimisation method is Rp.319,647,106 so it can be concluded that by applying the robust optimisation method to the company can save inventory costs of Rp.106,987,599 or 25%.  Furthermore, the total inventory cost of using a 5 mL Terumo syringe according to company policy is Rp.208,402,454 while the robust optimisation method is Rp.166,608,139 so it can be concluded that by applying the robust optimisation method to the company can save inventory costs of Rp.41,794,315 or 20%.

This research aims to determine the control of thrips pests on the production of cayenne pepper plants and the impact of controlling thrips pests on farmers' income in Lalopisi Village, Meluhu District, Konawe Regency. The location of this research is Lalopisi Village, Meluhu District, Konawe Regency. The number of samples in this research was 10 farmers. To complete the first and second research objectives, namely by using a qualitative descriptive method, based on the research results, it shows that thrips pest control on cayenne pepper plants in Lalopisi Village, Meluhu District, Konawe Regency is carried out in two ways, namely mechanical pest control and chemical pest control. . Control of thrips sp pest attacks. carried out by respondents or cayenne pepper farmers in Lalopisi Village, Meluhu District, Konawe Regency, had an impact on increasing the production and income of cayenne pepper farming.