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This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using the lecture method to enhance students’ comprehension of Ottoman Turkish History in class VIII at SMPN 1 Telagasari. The primary issue identified is the students' low grasp of historical content, which tends to be chronological and information-heavy. The study adopts a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach, conducted in two cycles, each comprising planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection phases. Data collection was done using a 20-item multiple-choice test and analyzed quantitatively. Findings revealed that only 10% of students passed in the pre-cycle with an average score of 25, increasing to 40% in the first cycle with an average score of 35, and reaching 45% in the second cycle with an average score of 45. Despite the incremental improvements, the outcomes did not meet the minimum success criteria (≥75% of students achieving the passing score). This indicates that the lecture method alone has limitations in significantly enhancing students’ understanding unless integrated with more interactive teaching strategies.

The purpose of this study was to determine the improvement of learning outcomes of class 12 IPS 1 students in PPKN subjects at SMA Negeri 2 Rantau Utara through the problem based learning model. The method used in this study is classroom action research (CAR), the subjects of the study were 35 class 12 IPS 1 students. The focus of this study is the learning outcomes of class 12 IPS 1 students in PPKn subjects with indicators of student learning success that reach KKM (minimum completion criteria) with a value of 82. The results of the study indicate that the application of the problem based learning model is effective in improving student learning outcomes in PPKn subjects. This increase can be seen from the pre-action stage, only 10 people with a percentage of 28.6% have met the minimum completion criteria (KKM), then in cycle I there were 18 people with a percentage of 51.4%, while in cycle II there were 29 people with a percentage of 82.82% of students have reached KKM. From these results, it can be concluded that the problem-based learning model is able to improve student learning outcomes, not only cognitively but also improve critical thinking skills, cooperation, and increase student self-confidence.

This study aims to determine the effect of Moodle-based e-learning on the social studies learning outcomes of grade IX students at MTs Negeri 3 South Bolaang Mongondow. The research employed a quantitative approach with a Quasi-Experimental design using the Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 43 students from classes IX A and IX B. Data were collected through observation, tests, and documentation. The data were then analyzed using an Independent Sample T-test. The findings revealed that the average posttest score of the control class was 61.91, while the experimental class, which used Moodle-based e-learning, scored an average of 84.15. The significance value obtained was 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference between the two groups. These results suggest that the use of Moodle-based e-learning has a positive impact on student learning outcomes in social studies. Therefore, it can be concluded that Moodle is more effective than conventional learning methods in enhancing students’ academic performance.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the scramble method to improve the Arabic language learning outcomes of class X students of MA Takhassus AlQur'an Wonosobo. The article is a quantitative field research with an experimental approach. The research was conducted during the months of March to May 2025, involving 54 respondents as samples including control and experimental classes, taking data from observations, tests, interviews, and documentation. The results of the research showed that the application of the Scramble learning method had been carried out according to the learning implementation plan, using pre-tests and post-tests in the experimental class went well and received positive responses from students. There was an increase in students' Arabic language learning outcomes after applying the method in the experimental class, as evidenced by the results of the hypothesis with a gain test obtained a result of 0.624 (high category), the control class obtained a gain test result of 0.079 (moderate category). Real effectiveness can improve learning outcomes proven through t-test calculations obtained t_count results of 11.591 and t_table of 2.006 at a 5% error level and 2.673 at a 1% error level with dk = 27 + 27-2 = 52. This finding strengthens the Scramble method can be considered to improve student learning outcomes. Research recommends that in the teaching and learning process, it is possible to plan and consider various methods in learning so that students feel interested and not bored..      

The humanistic approach in social studies learning emphasizes holistic student development, including cognitive, emotional and social aspects. This article aims to examine the application of this approach in social studies learning as well as its benefits and challenges. The method used is a literature study by analyzing various relevant academic sources. The results show that the humanistic approach is able to increase learning motivation, student engagement, and critical thinking skills, helping students understand social issues more deeply and fostering empathy. The teacher acts as a facilitator who creates a learning environment that supports students' exploration and freedom of thought. However, the implementation of this approach faces several challenges, such as limited teacher understanding, limited time in the curriculum, and difficulties in evaluating learning outcomes that are more oriented towards affective and social aspects. Therefore, effective implementation strategies are needed, such as teacher training, project-based learning approaches and integration of humanistic values in the curriculum. With the right strategy, this approach can create a more meaningful and relevant learning experience for students and help them develop independent, critical and caring characters for their social environment

Learning media has an important role in supporting the achievement of maximum learning objectives. When viewed from the way students learn, we know that in one class students have different ways of learning, some learn quickly using audio, visual, and some see the form concretely. then this study aims to determine the effect of using wordwall learning media on student learning outcomes in IPAS class IV SD Negeri 10 Langkai Kota Palangka Raya. The method used in this research is experimental research method. The design used in this research is One-group Pretest-Posttest Design. Sampling in this study used saturated sampling technique (total sample) because the researcher used all members of the population as samples with a total of 17 respondents. Pre-Test and Post-Test are used to determine student learning outcomes in the form of questions with a form of content. Based on the results of the Paired Sample T-Test test, the sig.2-tailed result is 0.001, this value is greater than 0.05, so Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Meanwhile, when compared to the tcount value with the ttable, there is a tcount value of 16,000> 1,746 from the ttable value, so Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. So it is concluded that there is a positive effect of the use of wordwall learning media on student learning outcomes in IPAS subjects on the material of natural appearances and their utilization in class IV SD Negeri 10 Langkai Kota Palangka Raya.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of using the Kahoot! application as a tool for student learning evaluation at the elementary school level. Using a literature review method, the researchers analyzed various relevant journals and scientific articles to assess the advantages, limitations, and impacts of Kahoot in the evaluation process. The findings indicate that Kahoot effectively enhances student motivation and participation, improves learning outcomes, and facilitates teachers in conducting interactive and enjoyable assessments. This application also supports the integration of online learning and can be flexibly used across multiple platforms. However, several challenges remain, such as limited internet access and the lack of ICT competence among teachers. Therefore, institutional support in the form of training and infrastructure provision is necessary to optimize the use of Kahoot in the learning process.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed the landscape of language learning, particularly in the post-pandemic era where self-directed learning through mobile applications and online platforms is increasingly common. This study explores the effectiveness of two popular digital tools LuvLingua and YouTube in supporting independent Japanese language learning among Indonesian university students. LuvLingua offers a structured, gamified approach suitable for beginners, while YouTube provides authentic and contextual exposure through real-life content. Using a descriptive quantitative method, this research involved twelve students from non-language majors who actively use both platforms to study Japanese. The findings reveal that each platform has distinct advantages: LuvLingua excels in foundational vocabulary and pronunciation, whereas YouTube significantly enhances listening skills and cultural understanding. The combination of both platforms yields optimal learning outcomes, although success heavily depends on learners’ motivation, discipline, and time management. This study contributes to the growing body of research on technology-assisted language learning and provides practical recommendations for learners, educators, and content developers.

The purpose of the study was to obtain an overview of how the influence of tutor teaching methods, tutorial facilities, achievement motivation and learning independence, on learning outcomes both partially and simultaneously. This research uses quantitative method with ex pos facto approach. The data was collected using a questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1-4, the sampling method was random sampling, to determine the sample size using the Harry King nomogram with an error rate of 1% with a multiple factor of 99%, namely 1.573 so that a sample of 78 respondents was obtained. The collected data were analysed with parametric statistics of multiple regression test with the help of SPSS IBM 23. The results of the study found that. Tutor teaching methods, significantly affect student learning outcomes at UPPJB-UT Makassar. Tutorial facilities, have a significant effect on student learning outcomes at UPPJB-UT. Learning independence has a significant effect on student learning outcomes at UPPJB-UT Makassar. Achievement motivation has a significant effect on student learning outcomes at UPPJB-UT Makassar. Tutor teaching methods, tutorial facilities, learning independence and achievement motivation simultaneously affect student learning outcomes at UPPJB-UT Makassar.

Education is one of the key aspects in developing high-quality human resources. Along with the advancement of time, teachers are expected to create effective learning media in the teaching and learning process. Learning media should also be adapted to students’ learning styles, such as visual, auditory, and kinesthetic.The purpose of this study is to develop and test the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of an IPS (Social Studies) magazine as a learning medium for Grade VIII students at SMPN 3 Kedungwaru Tulungagung. This research is a development study using the ADDIE R&D model. Data were collected through interviews, needs and learner characteristic analysis, feasibility and practicality questionnaires, as well as pretest and posttest results.The findings of this study show that the IPS magazine is highly feasible, with a feasibility percentage of 89.91% from material experts and 91.18% from media experts. The practicality results based on teacher questionnaires reached 94.87%, and student responses reached 88.62%, indicating that the IPS magazine is highly practical. The effectiveness of the media was proven through the Paired Sample Test, which showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a difference in results before and after using the IPS magazine. Therefore, the IPS magazine is considered effective for use in the learning process.

The quality of classroom facilities and infrastructure plays an important role in creating an optimal learning environment. Adequate facilities can improve student comfort, motivation, and learning outcomes. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method to explore the condition of classrooms at MAN 2 Karawang. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation to gain a deeper understanding of the existing facilities. The findings of the study indicate that lighting and ventilation in the classrooms are adequate, and supported by academic props that support the learning process. However, there are several obstacles, such as limited room cooling systems and bureaucratic obstacles in maintaining facilities. In addition, the management of facilities and infrastructure by the SARPRAS team has not been optimal due to budget constraints. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously improve and repair facilities to support a more effective and comfortable learning process for students.

This study aims to examine the role of ice breaking in improving students' learning focus at the beginning of the lesson, especially at the elementary school level. Icebreaking is a learning technique that aims to prepare students mentally and emotionally to receive lessons by creating a cheerful, relaxed, and enjoyable classroom atmosphere. This study investigated various literatures, including scientific journals and educational articles. The results of the study showed that turning ice was proven to be effective in improving students' concentration, enthusiasm, and social interaction. Ice breaking not only makes the atmosphere better, but can also improve student learning outcomes. Therefore, ice breaking can be used as a learning strategy to make elementary schools a good place to learn.

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Grade XI ATPH 3 of SMK Negeri 1 Purwosari in the subject of Vocational Expertise Concentration on fertilization elements by implementing the cooperative learning model type Teams Games Tournament (TGT) using the interactive media Bamboozle. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through learning outcome tests, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of the TGT model supported by Bamboozle media improved students’ average scores from 54.55 in the pre-cycle to 72.73 in cycle I and 81.82 in cycle II. The percentage of mastery learning increased from 6% to 39% and then to 82%. The use of TGT combined with Bamboozle was proven effective in enhancing students’ learning outcomes, engagement, and motivation. Thus, this strategy is recommended as an alternative interactive and engaging learning method in vocational subjects at vocational schools.

The problem in this study is the low learning outcomes of students. The purpose is to examine the factors influencing students' low learning outcomes in economics subjects by analys several contributing factors, namely internal factors of learning discipline and external factors of the school environment, which act as moderating variables. The research method used is quantitative, with questionnaires as the data collection technique. The population in this study consists of Grade X and XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Jatiwaras who study Economics, and the sample comprises 251 students selected using Probability Sampling with proportionate stratified random sampling techniques. The research results indicate a significant influence of learning discipline on learning outcomes, as well as the impact of the school environment on learning outcomes. Furthermore, the school environment moderates the influence of learning discipline on learning outcomes. These findings confirm that both research hypotheses are accepted.

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the cooperative learning model on the ability to collaborate, communicate, and student learning outcomes in grade 2 of SD Negeri 31 Muaro. This study uses a qualitative approach with the interview method as the main data collection technique. Information was obtained through in-depth interviews with classroom teachers who have applied the cooperative learning model in the learning process. The results of the study show that the application of the cooperative learning model has a positive impact on students' ability to work together, improve communication skills between students, and contribute to improving student learning outcomes in general. Teachers state that students become more active, help each other in groups, and are more courageous to express their opinions. These findings indicate that the cooperative learning model can be an alternative effective learning strategy to improve the social and academic aspects of students at the elementary school level.

This study aims to determine: (1) the learning outcomes before using the Reading Guide learning strategy in the Islamic Theology and Ethics (Akidah Akhlak) subject on the topic of Asmaul Husna in class 4A of MIN 1 Serdang Bedagai; (2) the learning outcomes after using the Reading Guide strategy in the same subject and class; and (3) the implementation of the Reading Guide strategy in improving students’ learning outcomes. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) involving 27 students from class 4A as the research subjects. The findings indicate that prior to the implementation of the strategy, students’ average score was 58.9%, with only 26% (7 students) achieving the minimum mastery criteria. After applying the Reading Guide strategy in Cycle I, the average score increased to 67.03%, with 59% (16 students) achieving mastery. In Cycle II, the average score further increased to 83.37%, with 100% (27 students) meeting the mastery criteria. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Reading Guide strategy effectively improves students’ learning outcomes in the Islamic Theology and Ethics subject on the topic of Asmaul Husna in class 4A of MIN 1 Serdang Bedagai for the academic year 2022–2023.

This study aims to determine the effect of using audio-visual media in increasing students' interest in learning. Class V at SDN 002/IX Sekernan. The method used was classroom action research with two cycles, which involved observation and questionnaires to measure changes in students' interest in learning. questionnaires to measure changes in students' interest in learning. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive statistical techniques, with focus on increasing student engagement and attention during the learning process. learning process. The results showed that the application of audio-visual media significantly increased students' interest in learning, with the percentage of interest increasing from 56.1% in cycle I to 80.25% in cycle II. increased from 56.1% in cycle I to 80.25% in cycle II. The increase This increase shows that audio-visual media is effective in creating a more interesting and enjoyable learning atmosphere. learning atmosphere that is more interesting and enjoyable, so that it can increase student students' participation and understanding of the subject matter. This research confirms that audio-visual media is one of the solutions to improve students' interest and learning outcomes significantly

This study aims to determine the effect of using audio-visual media in increasing students' interest in learning. Class V at SDN 002/IX Sekernan. The method used was classroom action research with two cycles, which involved observation and questionnaires to measure changes in students' interest in learning. questionnaires to measure changes in students' interest in learning. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive statistical techniques, with focus on increasing student engagement and attention during the learning process. learning process. The results showed that the application of audio-visual media significantly increased students' interest in learning, with the percentage of interest increasing from 56.1% in cycle I to 80.25% in cycle II. increased from 56.1% in cycle I to 80.25% in cycle II. The increase This increase shows that audio-visual media is effective in creating a more interesting and enjoyable learning atmosphere. learning atmosphere that is more interesting and enjoyable, so that it can increase student students' participation and understanding of the subject matter. This research confirms that audio-visual media is one of the solutions to improve students' interest and learning outcomes significantly

This research analyses the implementation of Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) at Algerian universities and its potential for encouraging undergraduate learners to academically acquire learning, enhancing self-regulated learning strategies, and enhancing interdisciplinarity collaboration. This research adopted the mixed-method approach and used a quantitative tool (the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ)) and obtained qualitative data through reflective journals, interviews, and classroom observation. Outcomes show that CBL greatly affects enhancing students' motivation and supporting self-directed actions such as goal-setting, time management, and metacognitive processing. Interdisciplinary cooperation was also determined to be supportive for student engagement and problem-solving capacity. Students and instructors predominantly reported positive opinions regarding CBL, highlighting the relevancy, authenticity, and cooperation aspects of CBL. These findings validate the four study hypotheses and endorse the pedagogical shift towards active, student-centered learning in Algerian universities. The research concludes with strategic suggestions to institutionalize CBL, reassess assessment practices, and encourage professional development in support of the faculty utilizing this new pedagogy.

This research aims to comprehensively analyze the Basic Teaching Skills (KDM) that are crucial for teachers in supporting the learning process. Through a literature study, this research examines various views and literature related to skills that teachers must have, such as opening and closing lessons, explaining material, leading discussions, asking questions, providing reinforcement, and creating variations in learning. The research findings show that basic teaching skills are not only related to the delivery of material, but also include the teacher's ability to arouse interest, increase motivation, and encourage active student involvement. A thorough and integrated application of these skills can contribute to improving the quality of teaching as well as students' learning outcomes.