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This article aims to analyze the relevance and implementation of Islamic economic principles within the context of a contemporary economic system dominated by capitalist paradigms. The background of this research stems from the global reality marked by wealth distribution inequality, moral crises in business, and social injustices resulting from profit-oriented economic systems. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method, analyzing scholarly works, official institutional reports, and academic studies related to Islamic economics and modern economic challenges. The findings indicate that Islamic economic principles such as social justice, equitable wealth distribution, and the prohibition of riba (usury), gharar (excessive uncertainty), and maysir (gambling) hold strong applicative value in addressing various contemporary economic issues. Concrete implementations of these principles can be observed in the development of Islamic financial systems, digital zakat (almsgiving), productive waqf (endowments), and increasingly innovative and technology-responsive Islamic banking services. The discussion also reveals that Islamic economics can serve as an ethical and sustainable alternative to capitalism and socialism, particularly in terms of distributive justice and economic stability. Despite facing challenges in literacy, regulation, and technological infrastructure, Islamic economics has significant growth potential through collaboration among academics, practitioners, and policymakers. The conclusion of this study affirms that Islamic economic principles can serve as a transformative solution for the global economic system if applied adaptively, innovatively, and inclusively.

Christian education, which is based on the teachings of the Christian religion, has an important role in forming individual character and morals. This education system aims to instill Christian moral and ethical values in students as a guide throughout their lives. However, in the modern era which is full of dynamics and change, Christian education faces big challenges in overcoming moral decline in society. Technological developments, cultural changes, and greater access to information create an increasingly complex moral landscape. Thus, Christian education has a key role in shaping individual character and morals and providing a solid ethical foundation, although there are a series of challenges that hinder its effectiveness. This research explores how Christian ethical principles guide interactions within families and communities, as well as their role in facing moral challenges in the modern era. The family is the main center in the formation of individuals and society, where values and ethics are practiced and passed from one generation to the next. This study emphasizes the importance of respecting parents as a spiritual basis that shapes the character and morality of Christian families. Generations, born in the digital era, are faced with various moral and ethical challenges. Christian education in the family environment can provide a strong moral foundation to face the pressures and temptations around them. Character is not a fixed trait, but rather the result of various influences in a person's life. Christian education provides a deep spiritual dimension, teaching ethical values, compassion, and commitment.

Ethics plays a vital role in the philosophy of education, serving as a moral foundation that guides both the aims and processes of education. Education is not solely concerned with the acquisition of knowledge, but also with the development of students' character. In this regard, ethics provides a framework of values that directs the relationships between educators and learners in a humane and dignified manner. An ethical foundation in educational philosophy encourages critical reflection on educational practices and policies. Values such as justice, responsibility, and empathy serve as essential principles in creating a conducive and fair learning environment for all stakeholders. Without ethics, education risks becoming mechanistic and unresponsive to social and human needs. Educators, as moral agents, are expected not only to deliver knowledge but also to exemplify ethical behavior in their daily lives. Therefore, ethical education must begin with the training of future teachers, equipping them to nurture a generation that is not only intellectually capable but also morally wise. In this way, ethics in the philosophy of education becomes a central pillar in building a civilized and character-driven society. 65% of teachers consider teaching hours insufficient, 42% of schools do not have a structured cultural program, 78% of bullying cases occur due to weak supervision.

Indonersia's national erducation underrscorers ther significancer of characterr erducation rooterd in Pancasila and ther 1945 Constitution, prioritizing ther derverlopmernt of morally upright and intergrity-oriernterd perrsons.  This articler erxaminers ther erfficacy of cooperrativer lerarning in Christian Rerligious ERducation (CRER) as a merthod for fosterring characterr derverlopmernt in pupils.  A qualitativer merthodology and literraturer rervierw werrer ermployerd to collerct and asserss perrtinernt information.  Ther rerserarch findings dermonstrater that cooperrativer lerarning erfferctiverly ernhancers studernts' interrerst, motivation, and comprerhernsion of CRER materrial.  Studernts participater in derbaters and partnerrships, promoting ther cultivation of social skills and moral principlers, including lover and rersponsibility.  Nonertherlerss, obstaclers in erxercuting cooperrativer lerarning werrer also rercognizerd, including disparitiers in studernts' capabilitiers and unervern group dynamics.  Proficiernt managermernt by erducators is crucial to tackler therser issuers and guaranterer ther erfficacy of ther lerarning procerss.  This rerserarch concluders that ther implermerntation of characterr erducation via CRER and cooperrativer lerarning sererks to ernhancer acadermic perrformancer whiler also cultivating perrsons erquipperd to confront future moral and social difficulties.  Consequently, character education fosters the development of a harmonious and equitable society, while also cultivating a generation of adolescents with virtuous character.

Family education serves as the fundamental basis for shaping a child’s personality and character. As the first and foremost environment in a child’s life, the family plays a crucial role in instilling moral, social, religious, and cultural values that form the foundation of personal development. This study aims to examine the role and function of family education in character formation from an early age. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review. The results show that families who actively carry out their educational role tend to raise children with positive character traits such as discipline, responsibility, and empathy. Family education proves to be a vital foundation before a child enters formal education.   Keywords: family education, child character, parental role, moral values, personality development

This study aims to examine how the stories of the prophets in the Qur’an can serve as an effective medium for character building in children from an early age. The research is motivated by the growing need for character education amidst the moral challenges of modern times, and by the strong potential of prophetic stories to convey Islamic values such as honesty, patience, responsibility, and monotheism. A qualitative approach was employed through a literature review method. The findings indicate that the stories of Prophet Musa (Moses), Ibrahim (Abraham), Muhammad, and Yunus (Jonah) contain relevant and applicable character values for children. By presenting moral teachings through storytelling, these narratives allow children to internalize values in an engaging and meaningful way. When delivered according to the child’s developmental stage, prophetic stories become an educational tool that effectively nurtures religious, responsible, and noble character. This study is expected to contribute to the development of Islamic value-based character education models in both family and formal educational settings.

Islamic Religious Education not only serves as a means of conveying religious knowledge but also as a tool for character and moral development of students. Through a quantitative approach using survey methods, data were collected from a number of students as respondents. The analysis results show that there is a significant influence between the quality of PAI learning and the improvement of students' religious behaviour. The more structured and applicable the PAI learning received, the higher the level of appreciation and practice of religious values in the students' daily lives. The purpose of this research is to discuss the influence of PAI learning on students' religious behaviour. The type of this research is qualitative research using a literature review. Data sources are taken from books, articles, research results, news, websites, and other references related to the research. The data analysis technique uses content analysis where the researcher analyses content from various written sources. The results show that there are several influences of PAI learning on students' religious behaviour, namely, the role of Islamic Religious Education teachers, schools with madrasa curricula, lessons and activities with religious nuances, school culture and climate, social interactions, as well as facilities and resources.

Service-based leadership is a leadership approach that prioritizes devotion to others as the center of a leader's function. In the Christian view, this model is rooted in the example set by Jesus Christ who came to serve, not to be served (Mark 10:45). The concept of servant leadership emphasizes values such as simplicity, love, sacrifice, and moral responsibility towards those being led. This study aims to explore how servant leadership influences and shapes the formulation of vision and mission in the context of Christian organizations or ministries. Vision and mission not only function as strategic guidelines, but also reflect the calling and obedience to God's will. A Christian leader who adopts the principle of servant leadership will create a vision that focuses on the common good, spiritual growth, and empowerment of community members. Meanwhile, the mission is designed to manifest the love of Christ in real terms through actions and programs that have a broad impact. In this context, sensitivity to the leadership of the Holy Spirit, integrity in leadership, and the ability to motivate and support the development of others are needed. This study concludes that servant leadership from a Christian perspective not only functions well in organizations, but also strengthens the spirituality and unity of the body of Christ. Therefore, the formulation of the vision and mission resulting from the principle of serving not only reflects the direction, but also becomes a testimony of faith that lives in the community. Thus, servant leadership becomes a strong foundation in building a Christian organization that is relevant, impactful, and oriented towards the values of the kingdom of God, and is able to answer the challenges of the times with love, exemplary behavior, and sincere devotion and glorify God in service.

This study aims to examine the types of illocutionary speech acts contained in the movie Cinta dalam Ikhlas by Fajar Bustomi through a pragmatic approach. Film as a visual-audio fiction media presents interactions between characters that reflect the reality of communication in social life. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data sources in the form of dialog transcripts in the film. The data collection technique is done through documentation, while the data analysis uses the theory of illocutionary speech acts from John Searle which categorizes speech acts into five types: assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. The results showed that there were 27 data of illocutionary speech acts consisting of 6 assertive, 7 directive, 6 commissive, 5 expressive, and 3 declarative. The findings show that dialog in the film does not only function as a narrative conveyor, but also as a representation of psychological expression, social commitment, and moral and spiritual messages. This research is expected to contribute to the development of pragmatics studies, especially discourse analysis in popular media.

Generation Z is a group that grew up amidst rapid technological advances and social change. The challenges they face are not only physical, but also mental and spiritual, so they need the ability to survive, adapt, and recover from failure or pressure. This ability is known as Adversity Quotient (AQ), which is intelligence in facing difficulties. This study aims to examine the concept of AQ from the perspective of the Qur'an, focusing on Surah Al-Ankabut verse 69. The verse emphasizes the importance of sincerity and struggle in obtaining guidance and help from Allah. Using qualitative methods through literature studies and thematic interpretation approaches, this study found that values ​​such as sincerity, perseverance, courage, and belief in Allah's grace are important foundations in forming AQ. These values ​​are very relevant for the development of the character of generation Z so that they have high fighting spirit, do not give up easily, and are able to face the pressures and challenges of life positively. In conclusion, Surah Al-Ankabut verse 69 provides a strong spiritual and moral contribution in building personal resilience and fighting spirit needed by today's young generation.

This study discusses the importance of Guidance and Counseling (BK) activities in schools, which must be carried out by competent BK teachers or counselors. Referring to the Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation No. 111 of 2014, the presence of trained BK teachers is vital in helping students overcome academic and emotional challenges. This research aims to explore the practices of BK teachers in maintaining the confidentiality and objectivity of psychological assessment results, as well as to identify the obstacles they face. The method used is qualitative research through literature review, with data collection conducted purposively and using snowball techniques. The results indicate that ethical principles such as confidentiality, voluntariness, and openness are applied by BK teachers at school, creating a safe environment for students. However, BK teachers with non-BK educational backgrounds still have limited understanding of the code of ethics. These findings emphasize the need for enhancing BK teachers' competencies to provide more effective services in shaping students' ethics and morals and supporting their character development.

Early Childhood Education (ECE) is a very important foundation or starting point for building physical, mental, and social development in children so that they have the preparation that can help them later when they grow up. Therefore, an educational institution must have a leader or principal who can provide motivation and good and adequate facilities for the teachers and students. A quality leader is also very important so that students not only gain knowledge and science, but they can also form their own character with moral values as preparation when they grow up. We examine a variety of publications in this essay using a qualitative approach. We obtained knowledge from several sources, including publications connected to our topic and academic magazines. The results of this study illustrate that the presence of quality leadership in an educational institution, particularly in early childhood education (ECE), can optimize and develop the potential of teachers, making them more improved and creative, and can also shape the character of the students.  

The purpose of this study is to analyze the psychological dynamics of the character Keke in the novel Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan using the literary psychology approach developed by Sigmund Freud. The main focus of this study lies in the main aspects of personality possessed by humans that have been stated in the psychoanalytic theory approach of Sigmund Freud. These three approaches include the idea of ego and super ego, which in it represent the basic structure in the development of human personality. The results of this analysis indicate that the character Keke has a strong ID which is reflected through the instinctive drive to survive and avoid the suffering that comes from the cancer he has. The aspect of the elder brother's ego is seen from his rational attitude in facing the reality of life, such as in his decision to continue going to school and undergoing chemotherapy for his recovery. While the last aspect, namely the super ego, is stated to be more prominent than other aspects, the super ego aspect possessed by Keke stands out in the form of moral toughness, religious values and social responsibility, for example when he tells his family not to be sad and not to sacrifice all his wealth for the treatment of his illness. These three aspects of personality interact with each other and form a balanced personality between each other even though they are in a bad condition. Through the psychoanalytic approach of Sigmund Freud, the character of Keke in the novel Surat Kecil untuk Tuhan, the character of Keke is stated as a character who can inspire and has very high moral values. The analysis of this novel also proves that the psychoanalytic theory owned by Sigmund Freud is very effective in exploring the inner depths of a character and can understand the emotional and spiritual complexity in dealing with the suffering felt by a character in his story.

Humans are not merely thinking beings but also emotional and spiritual creatures. However, modern education tends to prioritize the cognitive dimension and academic achievement, while psychological and spiritual aspects are often neglected. This imbalance has resulted in the emergence of intellectually capable generations who may lack emotional maturity and moral integrity. Therefore, an educational approach that incorporates philosophical, psychological, and Islamic values is essential in shaping a holistic human being. This study aims to analyze the nature of humans from a psychological perspective and its implications for designing holistic, learner-centered education. This research employs a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data collection was carried out through documentary studies by reading and reviewing written sources such as scientific books, journal articles, and other academic literature relevant to the research topic. The data were analyzed using content analysis, which includes identifying themes, categorizing key ideas, and drawing conceptual meanings from the collected data. The results show that from a psychological perspective, humans possess innate potentials that develop through specific stages, are influenced by environmental factors, and have a fundamental need for self-actualization. Humanistic, cognitive, and behaviorist psychological approaches all contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of human nature. The findings reinforce the notion that education focused solely on cognitive development is insufficient for shaping a well-rounded personality. Therefore, the education system must be oriented toward balanced development of the cognitive, affective, socialand spiritual dimensions of learners.

This research aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the strategy for developing students' interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence through learning moral beliefs in class XI MA Ma'arif NU Pituruh Purworejo, the main objective is to focus on 3 topics, including: 1. the concept of interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence development strategies in learning moral beliefs, 2. strategies for the application of students' interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence development through learning moral beliefs in class XI, 3. supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of the strategy. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results showed that interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence development strategies were applied through participatory learning and reflection such as group discussions, role-play, reflection journal writing, and case studies. Supporting factors for the implementation of the strategy include teacher commitment, madrasah policy support, and a positive learning environment. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors include limited learning time, infrastructure, and emotional readiness of students. Overall, these strategies contribute to the formation of students' character and the improvement of social skills and self-reflection.

Humans are not merely thinking beings but also emotional and spiritual creatures. However, modern education tends to prioritize the cognitive dimension and academic achievement, while psychological and spiritual aspects are often neglected. This imbalance has resulted in the emergence of intellectually capable generations who may lack emotional maturity and moral integrity. Therefore, an educational approach that incorporates philosophical, psychological, and Islamic values is essential in shaping a holistic human being. This study aims to analyze the nature of humans from a psychological perspective and its implications for designing holistic, learner-centered education. This research employs a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data collection was carried out through documentary studies by reading and reviewing written sources such as scientific books, journal articles, and other academic literature relevant to the research topic. The data were analyzed using content analysis, which includes identifying themes, categorizing key ideas, and drawing conceptual meanings from the collected data. The results show that from a psychological perspective, humans possess innate potentials that develop through specific stages, are influenced by environmental factors, and have a fundamental need for self-actualization. Humanistic, cognitive, and behaviorist psychological approaches all contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of human nature. The findings reinforce the notion that education focused solely on cognitive development is insufficient for shaping a well-rounded personality. Therefore, the education system must be oriented toward balanced development of the cognitive, affective, socialand spiritual dimensions of learners.

The era of disruption marked by the rapid development of technology and information brings serious challenges to the world of education, especially in shaping the faith and morals of students. Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has a strategic role in protecting students from the negative influences of this era, through strengthening faith in Allah SWT as the main foundation for character formation. This study aims to analyze the urgency of faith in shaping the faith and morals of students in the midst of the flow of disruption. The approach used is qualitative with a literature study method, reviewing various scientific literature, journals, and relevant documents. The results of the study show that strong faith is the main driver in the commendable behavior of students and a shield against moral relativism and social deviation. Religious education must be integrated comprehensively into the curriculum, teacher training, and learning environments that support the internalization of divine values. In conclusion, strengthening faith in Allah is very urgent as a basis for forming strong faith and morals in facing the challenges of the era of disruption.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be a transformational tool in Christian Religious Education in the digital era. Technological advancements bring significant changes to the way we learn and teach, including religious education, which demands innovative methods to remain relevant to the younger generation increasingly connected to technology. AI offers various opportunities to enrich the learning experience and deepen the understanding of Christian values through a more personal and interactive approach. This article discusses several AI applications in Christian religious education, such as virtual assistants for spiritual guidance, in-depth Bible text analysis, and adaptive learning platforms that can tailor materials to the needs of learners. With AI technology, Christian religious education can provide more interactive and responsive modules, allowing learners to delve into religious teachings both individually and in groups. Additionally, the use of AI in analyzing learning behavior allows for more effective curriculum personalization according to the spiritual needs of each individual. This approach can address the challenge of maintaining the relevance of religious values amidst the rapid influx of digital information. This article also examines the potential of AI in aiding faith development, for example through spiritual reflection applications tailored to the user's spiritual growth. This transformation is expected to prepare a generation of Christians who are not only technologically savvy but also spiritually strong, and empowered to face moral and ethical challenges in the future. Thus, AI-based Christian Religious Education can be a pathway to building a relevant and dynamic spiritual future in the digital era.

The implementation of the PAKEM (Active, Creative, Effective, and Enjoyable Learning) model in Christian Religious Education (PAK) has shown significant potential in improving students’ understanding of Christian values ​​in elementary schools. This qualitative descriptive study analyzes the implementation of the PAKEM model and its effectiveness in fostering a deeper understanding of values ​​such as compassion, honesty, and forgiveness among students. Although conventional teaching methods are often used in PAK, the PAKEM model encourages active participation, creativity, and a fun learning atmosphere. Research shows that the model has a positive impact on students’ motivation and academic achievement. However, challenges such as limited teacher training and inadequate facilities hinder its optimal implementation. Solutions include ongoing professional development for teachers and adaptation of the curriculum to the local context. The study emphasizes the need for collaboration between educators, parents, and the community to support the effective implementation of the PAKEM model. Ultimately, the PAKEM approach not only improves cognitive outcomes but also contributes to students’ moral and spiritual development, preparing them to embody Christian values ​​in their daily lives.  By cultivating an engaging and supportive learning environment, the PAKEM model aims to create a generation of morally resilient individuals who integrate their faith into their actions.

This article discusses the Double Movement theory developed by Fazlur Rahman as a hermeneutic method in the renewal of Islamic law. This theory emphasizes two main movements: first, understanding the socio-historical context of the revelation of the Qur'an to explore universal moral values ​​behind legal provisions; second, actualizing these values ​​into contemporary social and cultural contexts. Through a literature review and case analysis on aspects of family law and economic law in Indonesia, this article shows how the Double Movement theory provides more flexible, dynamic, and relevant interpretive solutions. This approach allows Islamic law to adapt to modern social dynamics without losing its transcendental moral essence. In addition, this approach opens up space for progressive and contextual ijtihad, which is greatly needed in responding to various new challenges in Muslim society. Thus, this theory makes an important contribution to the development of an Islamic legal methodology that is responsive and inclusive to the changing times.