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Communication skills are a fundamental foundation in early childhood development. Teachers, as the main figures in the learning process, play a strategic role in creating educational interactions that support the development of children's communication abilities. This study aims to describe educational interaction strategies that can strengthen effective communication among early childhood learners. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, data were obtained from observations, teacher interviews, and literature studies. The results show that strategies such as responsive communication, role play, interactive storytelling, and proper language modeling can enhance children's confidence in communication. This study recommends continuous training for early childhood educators in implementing adaptive and contextual communication strategies.

The purpose of this study was to determine how much academic supervision at SMP Negeri 2 Sangatta Utara improves teacher performance. This study, which used a quantitative methodology and a straightforward linear regression analytic method, included all 41 of the school's teachers. Direct observation, the distribution of questionnaires, and documentation were used to gather data. The SPSS program was used to first assess the validity and reliability of each instrument. Descriptive statistics, linear regression testing to determine the association between variables, and normality and linearity tests were all part of the data analysis. With a significance value of 0.000 and a t-value of 4.299 that was higher than the t table of 2.021, the study's findings demonstrated a statistically significant association between academic supervision and the caliber of teacher performance. Furthermore, the use of academic supervision accounts for 51.1% of the difference in teacher performance, with other factors not included in this study influencing the remaining 48.9%. These results suggest that while academic supervision is a significant component in raising the caliber of teacher work, other outside variables still require consideration in order to achieve the best possible outcomes during the teaching process.

This study aims to analyse the effect of work climate on teacher morale at MAN 1 Medan. Work climate is an important factor in creating a work atmosphere that supports the performance and motivation of educators. Teachers' morale, as an indicator of the success of the education process, is influenced by various aspects, including interpersonal relationships, leadership of the madrasah head, and work environment conditions. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 50 teachers at MAN 1 Medan. Work climate variables were measured through dimensions such as leadership, openness of communication, and peer support. Meanwhile, morale was measured through indicators of productivity, motivation, and commitment to duty. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression technique to determine the relationship and influence between the two variables. The results showed that work climate has a significant influence on teachers' morale at MAN 1 Medan. This finding indicates that a positive work climate, characterised by open communication, adequate support, and inspirational leadership, can significantly improve teachers' morale. Conversely, a less conducive work climate negatively impacts teachers' motivation and performance. This study concludes that effective work climate management is an important strategy in improving teachers' morale. The madrasah is advised to pay attention to the aspects that make up the work climate, such as rewarding performance, creating a harmonious working atmosphere, and ensuring good communication between the madrasah head and teachers. Thus, the quality of education at MAN 1 Medan can continue to be improved through strengthening the morale of the teaching staff.

This study aims to analyze the personality competence of ninth-grade teachers at SMP Negeri 23 Medan based on students' perceptions. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with data collected through observation and in-depth interviews involving nine purposively selected students. The findings reveal that most teachers demonstrated basic aspects of personality competence, such as punctuality and responsibility. However, several issues were identified, including emotional instability in handling classroom situations, favoritism, and the use of physical punishment as a disciplinary method. These findings indicate that teachers' personality competence still needs improvement, particularly in emotional regulation, fairness, and role modeling. The study recommends structured and continuous personality development programs for teachers to foster a positive classroom environment and support students' character development.    

This study discusses the interpersonal communication strategies used by religious teachers in conveying Islamic values ​​to students at TPQ Margoyoso Blangkon Mosque. The background of this study is based on the importance of the role of religious teachers as agents of change in shaping the character of students through an effective communication approach. The purpose of this study is to describe the interpersonal communication strategies applied and their influence on students' understanding of Islamic values. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that religious teachers apply communication strategies such as a personal approach, two-way dialogue, empathy, and role modeling. This strategy has proven effective in building emotional closeness and increasing students' understanding and practice of Islamic values. The implications of this finding indicate that the success of conveying Islamic values ​​does not only depend on the teaching materials, but also on the quality of interpersonal communication between teachers and students. Therefore, religious teachers need to continue to hone their communication skills to create an inspiring learning environment that touches the affective aspects of students.

Anak tunarungu lebih mengandalkan penglihatan dalam menerima informasi, sehingga media pembelajaran berbasis visual sangat efektif, terutama untuk mata pelajaran abstrak seperti Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan penerapan media visual dalam pembelajaran PAI bagi anak tunarungu di SMALB B YAKUT Purwokerto. Menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan lapangan, penelitian ini menganalisis data melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan media visual dilakukan dalam tiga tahap: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Pada tahap perencanaan, guru mengidentifikasi kebutuhan siswa dan menyusun RPP yang memuat tujuan, materi, metode, serta media pembelajaran. Pada tahap pelaksanaan, guru memanfaatkan media visual seperti gambar ilustrasi untuk menjelaskan materi tata cara berwudu, sehingga membantu siswa memahami materi dengan lebih jelas dan visual. Evaluasi dilakukan secara menyeluruh, baik terhadap hasil belajar siswa maupun kesulitan guru. Evaluasi ini juga melibatkan rapat guru dengan kepala sekolah untuk menemukan solusi yang efektif. Penggunaan media visual harus disesuaikan dengan karakteristik anak, agar mereka mampu memvisualisasikan materi dengan baik dan meningkatkan pemahaman.

Students with Down syndrome have developmental characteristics that differ from typical students. In such cases, the educational approach should not only focus on academic aspects but also on life skills education. In teaching life skills, teachers must adapt to each child's individual abilities. However, in practice, teachers often face various challenges. This study aims to describe the challenges faced by teachers at Terra Athena Special Needs School (SLB) in providing life skills education for students with Down syndrome, as well as the strategies used to overcome these challenges. This research uses a qualitative case study approach with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using triangulation techniques to enhance data validity. The results show that teachers face several challenges such as the wide range of student abilities, students' tendencies to be absorbed in their own world, limited facilities, and the need for more time to carry out each activity. The strategies implemented include positive reinforcement and individualized approaches, the use of visual media and concrete tools, collaboration with therapists and parents, and a boarding program for students.

Conducive classroom conditions are an important factor in increasing student activity in the learning process, especially in Madrasah Aliyah (MA). Teachers have an important and strategic role in creating a learning environment that supports active student participation. This study aims to analyze the strategies implemented by teachers in building a conducive classroom and its impact on student activity. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that effective strategies include the application of an interactive learning approach, the use of varied learning media, the creation of a comfortable classroom atmosphere, and providing motivation and appreciation to students. By implementing these strategies, teachers can increase student involvement in learning, increase interaction between students and teachers, and build a pleasant and productive learning atmosphere. In conclusion, the application of the right strategy by teachers contributes significantly to creating a conducive classroom and increasing student activity at MA Hidayatul Islamiyah.

Career planning is a crucial step in equipping vocational high school students to face the world of work or continue their education. This study aims to explain the role of Guidance and Counseling (BK) teachers in helping students plan their careers through aptitude and interest test services. This study uses a narrative qualitative approach using data collection techniques through literature studies and content analysis. The study that will take place shows that BK teachers have a strategic role in helping students recognize their potential, determine educational paths, and choose the appropriate career direction using their abilities and interests. Aptitude and interest tests are important instruments that help students understand personal strengths and reduce the risk of mis-majoring. Barriers to the implementation of these services include limited resources, test sense, and lack of career issues. Therefore, an integrated strategy is needed between BK teachers, schools, and parents so that this service can run optimally.

This article discusses the implementation of the Caring Class program (Kelas Peduli) as a means of cultivating responsibility among elementary school students. The program is carried out through daily routines such as rotating clasroom duties, journaling, weekly class discussions, and positive reinforvement. A descriptive qualitative method with a participatory approach was used, involving both teachers and students in value hanituation. The results indicate that this program enhances students’awarenes of personal and sosial responsibility, strengthens discipline, and fosterscommunication and colaboration within the classroom community. Therefore , Kelas Peduli can be considered a best practice model for character aducation in elementary schools.

Character Education, especially in terms of discipline, is a major concern in the learning process that occurs in schools. The role of teachers is not only limited to teaching, but also includes being role models, motivators, and mentors who can build a disciplined atmosphere among students. This study adopted a qualitative approach with data collection methods including observation, interviews, and documentation. The research findings indicate that the culture of discipline in madrasas is greatly influenced by the implementation of strict rules, the provision of rewards and punishments, and the persuasive approach and role models from teachers. In addition, there are supporting factors such as the existence of madrasa regulations and good examples from teachers, as well as inhibiting factors such as environmental influences and the use of gadgets. In conclusion, the development of a culture of discipline in madrasas requires cooperation between teachers, students, and the environment, as well as the right strategy to create a conducive and disciplined learning atmosphere.

Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di era digital abad ke-21 menghadapi tantangan adaptasi teknologi, keterbatasan infrastruktur, dan metode konvensional. Diperlukan inovasi media pembelajaran interaktif untuk mengembangkan keterampilan abad ke-21 (berpikir kritis, kreativitas, komunikasi, kolaborasi) dalam pembelajaran Al-Qur'an Hadits, sembari mempertahankan nilai-nilai Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur (library research) dengan menganalisis referensi dari Al-Qur'an, Hadits, jurnal ilmiah, dokumen kebijakan, dan buku. Data dikumpulkan melalui dokumentasi dan diolah melalui empat tahapan: pengumpulan, penyaringan, penyajian, dan verifikasi. Hasil dan Pembahasan ini menunjukkan Inovasi media pembelajaran Al-Qur'an Hadits di era digital mencakup e-book, aplikasi mobile (misalnya Learn Quran Tajwid, Muslim Pro), dan platform e-learning (seperti Lumio by Smart). Media efektif untuk keterampilan abad ke-21 meliputi animasi papan tulis, aplikasi literasi digital keislaman, dan model pembelajaran saintifik berbasis teknologi. Tantangan utama adalah keterbatasan infrastruktur dan pengembangan kurikulum yang relevan. Strategi yang diperlukan meliputi motivasi siswa, integrasi teknologi, penekanan nilai universal di sekolah; peran aktif orang tua di rumah; serta kemitraan masyarakat, kurikulum relevan, metode interaktif, pemanfaatan teknologi, dan pelatihan guru.

The purpose of this study is to quantify the degree to which teacher performance at SMK Negeri 1 Sangatta Utara is impacted by education and training (diklat).  This study employs a field approach (field research) and quantitative methods.  Questionnaires were given to respondents, in-person observations were made at the school, and documentation was completed in order to gather data.  The whole teacher population of the school, or 62 teachers, participated in the survey.  With the aid of SPSS version 16, data analysis was carried out using basic linear regression. The analysis's findings indicate a regression equation of Y = 3.296 + 0.897X and a correlation coefficient R of 0.804, which is categorized as extremely strong.  This indicates that teacher performance is significantly improved by education and training.  The 80.4% coefficient of determination indicates that training accounts for the majority of the variation in teacher performance, with other factors outside the scope of this study accounting for the remaining 19.6%.  Thus, at SMK Negeri 1 Sangatta Utara, training is crucial to raising teacher performance.

Cleanliness is a fundamental aspect of life that plays an important role in maintaining the health of individuals and society. The concept of cleanliness covers various aspects, starting from personal cleanliness, the environment, to the cleanliness of the residence. Research shows that good hygiene can prevent the spread of disease, improve quality of life, and create a comfortable and productive environment. However, challenges in maintaining cleanliness include lack of public awareness, limited access to sanitation facilities, and poor waste management. Therefore, collaborative efforts are needed from individuals, communities and governments to increase awareness of the importance of cleanliness through education, health campaigns and the provision of adequate facilities. By maintaining cleanliness, it is hoped that a healthier, more prosperous and sustainable life will be created.

The purpose of this study was to examine how elementary school teachers perceive the use of digital learning resources in their lesson plans. Digital technology has many potentials to enhance students’ learning ability and engagement. This study combined case study methodology with qualitative approach. Interviews with several elementary school teachers were used to collect data. The results of the study showed that teachers have different opinions about digital learning resources. To deliver materials, increase students’ enthusiasm for learning, and provide a variety of learning materials, some educators viewed digital media as an interesting and successful medium. They also understood how important it is to incorporate technology into the current curriculum. However, other teachers expressed concerns about inadequate infrastructure as well. This study underlines the need for ongoing assistance in the form of instruction, provision of sufficient resources, and creation of a successful plan to integrate digital learning materials in elementary schools.

It is very important for the principal to overcome teacher indiscipline by implementing effective management. This will be the basis for achieving educational goals. This field research is a form of qualitative descriptive taking the object of the principal's managerial competence in improving teacher discipline, located at SMK Al Ghozaly Wonosobo, conducted in March 2025 - June 2025 in semester 2 (two) of the 2024/2025 academic year. The subjects of the study included the principal, the curriculum vice principal, and several educators and education personnel. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation to then be analyzed descriptively. The results of the research show that the principal of SMK Al Ghozaly Wonosobo has implemented the five main functions of management, careful planning, effective organizing, clear notification, motivating direction, and comprehensive supervision. The principal's technical, human, and conceptual expertise play an important role in supporting the improvement of teacher discipline. The implementation of punishment is more prominent and felt directly compared to rewards, the effectiveness of punishment in encouraging minimal discipline, but not yet optimal for long-term behavioral changes, the relationship between leadership communication and clarity of reward-punishment criteria affects teacher acceptance. This finding leads to the direction of future research to examine more broadly the dominant and effective punishment system to encourage minimal teacher discipline through direct sanctions for the sake of more specific precision of findings.

Inclusive education is an approach that emphasizes equality and diversity in the learning process, including providing equal learning opportunities for students with special needs. This study aims to see the role of teachers and peers in supporting the smooth learning of students. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The results of the study indicate that the role of teachers is very important in creating effective learning according to the needs of all students, students use instant transcription applications to follow the learning. On the other hand, the role of friends also plays a very important role in building an inclusive environment through communication with sign language and positive social interactions, with the determination of those who are trying to learn sign language. Collaboration between teachers and peers can provide emotional and academic support that encourages all students to excel. This study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between all parties in order to realize effective and equitable inclusive education.

The purpose of this study is to identify and examine the various challenges faced by elementary school teachers in managing classrooms. This research was conducted through a literature review using a descriptive qualitative approach by analyzing various references related to classroom management in elementary schools. The results indicate that teachers face a range of complex challenges, including limited competencies, student behavioral dynamics, inadequate learning facilities, non-contextual curricula, assessment barriers, and a lack of collaboration with parents. Most teachers still rely on monotonous lecture-based methods, have limited understanding of students’ characteristics, and often struggle with formative assessment and differentiated instruction. To address these issues, continuous professional development, revitalization of facilities, curriculum flexibility, and stronger collaboration between teachers, schools, and parents are needed to create a conducive, inclusive, and enjoyable learning environment.

This research aims to examine how elementary school teachers enhance students’ reading skills using Indonesian folklore as a learning medium. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach, with data gathered through classroom observations, teacher interviews, and analysis of instructional materials. The results indicate that teachers apply various contextual teaching strategies, including guided reading, storytelling, group discussions, and vocabulary development using folklore texts. These methods help foster student engagement and improve reading comprehension. The study highlights the importance of integrating local cultural content into literacy instruction at the primary education level.

This study aims to determine the level of teacher work discipline at SDIT Ash Haabul Kahfi Lubuk Alung. Work discipline is an important factor in improving the quality of education because it is directly related to the responsibility and professionalism of teachers in carrying out their duties. The method used in this research is a quantitative approach with descriptive techniques. Data were obtained through observation, questionnaires, and documentation, which were then analyzed to see the tendency of teachers' disciplinary behavior. The results showed that the overall level of teacher discipline was in the high category. Teachers at SDIT Ash Haabul Kahfi Lubuk Alung show punctuality, obedience to rules, and consistent execution of tasks. This reflects an effective school management system and teachers' personal commitment to carrying out their professional responsibilities. This good work discipline has a positive impact on the learning environment and supports the achievement of educational goals at school.