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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran pengembangan kompetensi digital dan knowledge sharing baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui inovasi terhadap optimalisasi layanan publik pada pegawai Kecamatan Se-Kabupaten Pemalang. Populasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pegawai ASN sebanyak 217 responden. Sampel menggunakan rumus slovin sebanyak 141 responden. Sumber data yang digunakan data primer, dengan metode pengumpulan data kuesioner. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Partial Least Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan kompetensi digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap optimalisasi layanan publik, knowledge sharing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap optimalisasi layanan publik. Pengembangan kompetensi digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap inovasi, knowledge sharing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap inovasi. Inovasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap optimalisasi layanan publik. Inovasi dapat memediasi pengaruh pengembangan kompetensi digital terhadap optimalisasi layanan publik dan inovasi dapat memediasi pengaruh knowledge sharing terhadap optimalisasi layanan publik.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran kompetensi digital dan adaptasi penyuluh baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui pera efektivitas komunikasi terhadap kepuasan peternak ayam padaKemitraan Peternak Ayam di Kabupaten Pemalang. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta penyuluhan peternak ayam di Pemalang, dengan pengambilan sampel dengan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin yang berjumlah 133 responden. Sumber data yang digunakan data primer, dengan metode pengumpulan data kuesioner. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Partial Least Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan peternak, adaptasi penyuluh berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan peternak. Kompetensi digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peran efektivitas komunikasi, adaptasi penyuluh berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap peran efektivitas komunikasi. Efektivitas komunikasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan peternak. Efektivitas komunikasi dapat memediasi pengaruh kompetensi digital terhadap kepuasan peternak.  Efektivitas komunikasi dapat memediasi pengaruh adaptasi penyuluh terhadap kepuasan peternak.

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality and promotion on members' saving decisions at BMT Fajar Bina Sejahtera Metro Branch. This research uses a quantitative approach with data collection through questionnaires given to 98 respondents, selected using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software. The results show that both service quality and promotion have a positive and significant effect on saving decisions, both partially and simultaneously. However, service quality has a more dominant influence compared to promotion. The coefficient of determination (Adjusted R²) indicates that 32.4% of the variation in saving decisions can be explained by these two independent variables. Therefore, BMT Fajar Bina Sejahtera needs to continuously improve service quality and design more effective promotional strategies to attract and retain members to be more active in saving. This research provides important insights for BMT management in formulating more precise policies to enhance members' saving decisions.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in accelerating regional economic growth and improving community welfare. However, MSMEs in North Sumatra Province continue to face various challenges, particularly limited access to capital, low adoption of digital technology, and insufficient business assistance. This community service program aims to strengthen the MSME ecosystem through integrated empowerment initiatives, including facilitating access to financing, enhancing the use of internet-based technologies, and improving the capacity of MSME actors. The methods applied include business mentoring, training activities, and analysis of MSME performance in both short-term and long-term perspectives. The results indicate that expanded access to capital and increased adoption of digital technology contribute positively and significantly to MSME income growth in both the short and long term. Interestingly, the absence of guidance, training, and extension services shows a positive correlation with income in the short term but has a significant negative impact on business sustainability and stability in the long term. Furthermore, reliance on bank loans consistently demonstrates a significant negative effect on MSME performance across both analytical periods. These findings highlight the importance of building a sustainable MSME ecosystem through continuous mentoring, improved financial literacy, and adaptive digital transformation to ensure long-term business resilience.

This study aims to describe the implementation of multicultural education at SDN Bululawang 02 and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors of its implementation. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The subjects of the study consist of the principal and teachers. Data collection techniques were conducted through semi-structured interviews, while data analysis used an interactive analysis model that includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that multicultural education has been implemented through school policies, the learning process, and school culture. The school applies deep learning-based instruction that emphasizes meaningful learning experiences with the support of learning technologies such as smart TVs and smart boxes. Multicultural education is also realized through various religious, social, and national activities, such as routine religious activities, the commemoration of national and religious holidays, as well as the use of traditional clothing, which serve to instill values of tolerance, togetherness, and mutual respect. The role of the school principal is evident through classroom supervision, teacher training, and learning evaluation, while teachers integrate multicultural values through varied and enjoyable teaching methods. The challenges faced include the diverse characteristics of students, limited facilities, and differences in students' academic abilities. Efforts made by the school to overcome these challenges involve collaboration with parents and adjustments to learning strategies. This study concludes that multicultural education in elementary schools has been implemented well; however, it still requires strengthening in terms of facility support, teacher competence, and ongoing collaboration between schools and parents.

This research aims to normatively analyze the legal basis, rationality, and implications of the presidential threshold on the multi-party system and the principle of electoral justice in Indonesia, with a focus on Constitutional Court Decision Number 14/PUU-XI/2013. Thru a normative legal approach, this research examines the provisions of Article 222 of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections and the Constitutional Court's constitutional arguments in maintaining the presidential nomination threshold. The analysis results show that although formally the presidential threshold is an open and legitimate legal policy, it substantially creates political inequality and limits the participation of small parties in the multi-party system. The Constitutional Court's decision is considered not fully reflective of the principles of electoral justice and popular sovereignty, as it prioritizes government stability over political equality. Therefore, it is necessary to reformulate the presidential candidacy threshold policy to make it more proportional, inclusive, and aligned with the principles of constitutional democracy. This reform is expected to strengthen the legitimacy of Indonesia's presidential system without neglecting the fundamental values of justice and political representation of the people.  

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the internal control system in the Personnel Division of PT Sendang Derma Pesona in supporting effective, efficient, and well-governed human resource management. The background of this research is based on the importance of internal control systems in preventing administrative errors, reducing the risk of fraud, and ensuring compliance with labor regulations, particularly in personnel and payroll functions. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using an operational audit method. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and document observation covering recruitment procedures, personnel data management, employee transfers, authorization processes, as well as payroll and bank reconciliation procedures. The results indicate that, in general, the internal control system in the Personnel Division has been implemented adequately, as reflected by complete personnel documentation and multi-level authorization in decision-making processes. However, several weaknesses were identified, including the lack of proper segregation of duties between payroll preparation and salary payment, the absence of regular bank reconciliation, and the continued use of manual personnel archive management. These weaknesses indicate that the internal control system still needs to be strengthened to minimize the risk of errors and improve the efficiency of personnel administration. The findings of this study are expected to provide practical implications for management in improving internal control policies and procedures to support better corporate governance and sustainable organizational performance.

This study aims to analyze the development of elementary school students (ages 8–9) in terms of physical, cognitive, emotional, social, moral, and spiritual aspects. The research subjects were two third-grade students named Dinul Mumtaz (8 years old) and Alfatir Ramadhan Hendri (9 years old). This study used a qualitative approach, with observation and interviews as the main data collection techniques. The results indicate that both students show physical development appropriate for their age, with well-developed fine and gross motor skills. In the cognitive aspect, both have reached the concrete operational stage, characterized by logical thinking, understanding of cause-and-effect relationships, and the ability to solve tasks using concrete objects. In terms of emotional and social development, Dinul and Alfatir demonstrate the ability to recognize and manage emotions, as well as build positive social relationships with peers and teachers. Moral development shows that both students are in the heteronomous and early conventional stages, where they obey rules due to authority and a desire to gain social approval. Meanwhile, in the spiritual aspect, both students demonstrate good religious habits and an understanding of spiritual values reflected in their daily behavior. Therefore, it can be concluded that the development of both students is in a good category and in accordance with child development theories, supported by positive influences from family and school environments.

Meaningful learning is a crucial requirement in 21st-century education, particularly in the face of the increasingly rapid development of digital technology. However, teachers' limited knowledge and skills in utilizing digital learning media remain a challenge, particularly in junior high schools. This study aims to analyze the strengthening of meaningful learning through training on the Canva-based deep learning model at SMP Negeri 2 Mappakasunggu. This study used a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental design. The subjects were teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Mappakasunggu who participated in the training as part of the Community Service Program (KKN). The research instrument was a knowledge test on Canva administered before (pretest) and after (posttest) training. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and N-Gain calculations. The results showed that the average pretest score for teachers was 42.3 with a range of 30–55, while the average posttest score increased to 70.8 with a range of 65–76. The N-Gain calculation of 0.49 is in the moderate category. These findings indicate that training on the Canva-based deep learning model is effective in enhancing teacher knowledge and supporting meaningful learning. This study recommends the continued implementation of similar training to improve the quality of technology-based learning in schools.  

Menstrual stress is a common reproductive health problem among adolescent girls, which can interfere with learning activities, concentration, and overall quality of life. This community service activity aimed to improve the ability of female students to manage menstrual stress through education and practice of deep breathing techniques at SMPN 2 Rambutan, Banyuasin Regency. The activity used a one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental design involving 30 female students who had experienced menstruation. Health education was delivered through interactive lectures, discussions, and practical demonstrations of deep breathing techniques, while evaluation was conducted using pre-test and post-test questionnaires on menstrual stress levels. The results showed a reduction in menstrual stress, with most participants shifting from moderate stress before education to mild stress after the intervention. These findings indicate that deep breathing techniques are effective in helping students independently manage menstrual stress. Therefore, health education combined with practical deep breathing exercises is recommended to be implemented continuously in schools as a promotive and preventive strategy for adolescent reproductive health.

Menstrual stress is a common reproductive health problem among adolescent girls, which can interfere with learning activities, concentration, and overall quality of life. This community service activity aimed to improve the ability of female students to manage menstrual stress through education and practice of deep breathing techniques at SMPN 2 Rambutan, Banyuasin Regency. The activity used a one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental design involving 30 female students who had experienced menstruation. Health education was delivered through interactive lectures, discussions, and practical demonstrations of deep breathing techniques, while evaluation was conducted using pre-test and post-test questionnaires on menstrual stress levels. The results showed a reduction in menstrual stress, with most participants shifting from moderate stress before education to mild stress after the intervention. These findings indicate that deep breathing techniques are effective in helping students independently manage menstrual stress. Therefore, health education combined with practical deep breathing exercises is recommended to be implemented continuously in schools as a promotive and preventive strategy for adolescent reproductive health.

Household waste management remains a major challenge in rural areas, including Sunggumanai Village, Pattallassang District, Gowa Regency. Low public awareness and the absence of a structured community-based waste management system have negatively affected environmental quality and public health. This community service activity aimed to enhance community knowledge, awareness, and participation through the socialization of community-based waste management toward a clean and healthy environment. The activity was conducted on September 27, 2025, involving 30 participants consisting of community representatives, housewives, youth, and community leaders. The methods applied included educational socialization, participatory discussions, and waste segregation simulations based on the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). The results indicated an improvement in participants’ understanding of waste types, the environmental and health impacts of improper waste management, and the importance of collective waste management practices. Participants also demonstrated positive attitudes and readiness to implement household waste segregation, as well as emerging ideas for establishing community-based waste management initiatives. In conclusion, this activity proved to be an effective initial step in promoting behavioral change toward sustainable waste management and supporting the creation of a clean and healthy village environment.

Current human activities are the cause of the accumulation of waste. Waste generated from community activities can come from households, agriculture, offices, industry, and so on. Based on previous research, waste that is not properly handled will cause environmental damage, produce odors, and risk the spread of diseases that are agents or sources of infection that cause stunting in children. The purpose of this community service is to provide education on waste management to prevent cases of stunting in children. The methods used in the educational activities are lectures and question and answer sessions. Composting training is conducted using a practical method. Educational media used leaflets and composting practice materials using household waste leftovers from the community service targets. The target community service was 20 housewives in the Caturharjo area. The results obtained are that the education and practice were implemented well and smoothly. The community provided a positive response to the material provided in the form of questions and answers after the educational material. There was a change in composting skills among the community members. The conclusion of this community service activity was an increase in knowledge and skills in processing household waste into composter.

Palgunadi Selatan Village, RT 07/RW 05, Bulu Lor Subdistrict, North Semarang, possesses distinctive local potential in the form of community-based grape cultivation. However, this potential has not yet been systematically integrated into spatial and environmental planning at the neighborhood scale. This community service program aims to identify local potential and environmental constraints, formulate a design concept for a grape-based thematic village, and strengthen collaboration between residents, universities, and local stakeholders. The implementation method employs field observation, identification of potential and problems, environmental analysis, participatory discussions with the  community, and formulation of a spatial design concept. The results of the program are presented in the form of a conceptual design for the Grape-Based Thematic Village along Palgunadi Selatan Street, which includes gateway elements, pedestrian pathways, communal seating areas, pergola systems for grape cultivation, neighborhood bridges, vertical planting systems, and security posts. This design concept enhances environmental quality, strengthens the visual identity of the neighborhood, and creates opportunities for community-based economic activities and educational tourism. Furthermore, the program contributes to increased community awareness and participation in environmentally responsive and locally based neighborhood development, supporting the realization of a more organized, attractive, productive, and sustainable urban settlement.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are major public health problems that develop slowly and are often asymptomatic in the early stages. The Baduy community has limited access to modern health services, resulting in a lack of routine health screening. This community service activity aimed to conduct health screening through uric acid, blood sugar, and blood pressure examinations as an effort for early detection of NCDs in the Baduy community of Kanekes Village, Lebak Regency, Banten. The activity methods included preparation, health examinations, health education, and evaluation. A total of 17 community members participated in the activity. The results showed that 41.2% of participants had elevated uric acid levels, 11.8% had high blood sugar levels, and 47.1% had high blood pressure. This activity increased community awareness of the importance of routine health checks and provided an initial overview of NCD risk factors. Health screening combined with education is expected to contribute to the prevention of NCDs and improvement of community quality of life.

This community service activity was carried out to enhance the managerial capacity and digital competence of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Sunggu Manai Village, Patalassang District, Gowa Regency. In the digital economy era, MSME actors must adapt to technological changes and manage their businesses professionally to remain competitive. The activity employed a participatory and applicative approach involving training in business management, digital marketing, and application-based financial recording. The results showed a significant increase in participants’ knowledge and skills, particularly in business planning, financial management, and the use of social media and online marketplaces for product promotion. About 80% of participants successfully created digital business accounts and started marketing their products online. The program also fostered awareness of the importance of digital transformation and collaboration among MSME actors. Therefore, integrating managerial capacity building with business digitalization proved effective in enhancing the competitiveness and sustainability of MSMEs in rural areas.

Perineal wounds are commonly experienced by postpartum mothers after vaginal delivery and may cause pain and increase the risk of infection if not properly managed. Appropriate perineal wound care, including the use of non-pharmacological methods, requires adequate maternal knowledge and skills. This program aimed to improve postpartum mothers’ knowledge and skills in perineal wound care through education on betel leaf compresses at PMB Lina Contesa. A community empowerment approach was applied through health education combined with demonstrations and hands-on practice. Evaluation was conducted by assessing changes in maternal knowledge and skills and by observational monitoring of perineal wound conditions. The results showed improvements in maternal knowledge and skills in performing perineal wound care using betel leaf compresses. In addition, postpartum mothers reported reduced pain and no signs of infection during the observation period. These findings indicate that education on betel leaf compresses has the potential to serve as an applicable promotive and preventive approach to support accelerated perineal wound healing among postpartum mothers in primary midwifery care setting.

Gross motor development in infancy is a crucial aspect of child growth that requires early and continuous stimulation. Limited maternal knowledge and skills in providing appropriate stimulation may hinder the achievement of infants’ gross motor milestones. This program aimed to empower mothers to stimulate infants’ gross motor development through tummy time and baby yoga at PMB Lina Contesa. A community empowerment approach with a one-group pretest–posttest design was applied. The participants were mothers with infants aged 3–12 months. The intervention included health education, demonstrations, hands-on practice, and mentoring in performing tummy time and baby yoga. Evaluation was conducted by assessing maternal knowledge and skills before and after the program. The results showed an increase in the mean knowledge score from 56.4 ± 8.7 to 85.2 ± 6.9 after the intervention. In addition, the proportion of mothers who were able to correctly perform gross motor stimulation techniques increased from 27.8% to 88.9%. These findings indicate that empowering mothers through education and training in tummy time and baby yoga is effective in improving maternal knowledge and skills and has the potential to support the optimization of infants’ gross motor development.

The limited ability of teachers to write scientific papers remains one of the obstacles to professional development and career advancement. This activity aimed to improve teachers’ competencies through scientific writing training at SMAN 1 Kayu Agung, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. The method employed was training and mentoring, which included the delivery of materials on basic concepts of scientific writing, the structure of scientific articles, citation and referencing techniques, and practical sessions on preparing scientific articles. The participants of this activity were teachers of SMAN 1 Kayu Agung. The results showed an improvement in teachers’ understanding and skills in writing scientific papers, as indicated by their ability to produce scientific articles in accordance with proper academic writing standards. In addition, teachers demonstrated positive attitudes and increased motivation to produce scientific works as part of continuous professional development. Therefore, scientific writing training is effective in enhancing teachers’ competencies and can serve as a strategy for teacher professional development in schools.

The digital era continues to evolve and bring innovation and change to various industries. Through digital transformation and strategies needed to overcome obstacles in the digital era, organizations can adapt and change. To achieve their goals, MSMEs must implement efficient marketing techniques in their operations. This community service method uses the PAR (Participatory Action Research) technique. This is in line with the conditions of the partner, Dwikora Village, which has human resources that are well known to both village officials and residents. The results found that due to a lack of understanding of digital marketing communication management procedures, they were unfamiliar with digital marketing techniques, different social media platforms, or how to measure their effectiveness. The Community Service Team conveyed their understanding of the importance of digital marketing communication in improving the knowledge and skills of residents as an effort to improve their marketing communication skills. This was because many residents, especially mothers, did not understand how to use digital marketing to promote their MSMEs. The team formed a content creation team or digital marketing communication managers, socialized the value of digital marketing communication to the sub-district residents in improving their knowledge and skills, and implemented a digital marketing communication message management strategy on Instagram. After these activities, partners can create interesting and relevant content that suits the interests of the target audience in Dwikora Village, namely its residents.