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The milk contains bioactive compounds that are beneficial for health. One of bioactive compounds contained in the milk is protein nutrient. Examination of protein levels in foodstuffs can be tested using the Lowry method that considered more sensitive. The purpose of this study was to analyzed the protein levels of various types of dairy products. This research included laboratory research with samples of 5 types of dairy products were sweetened condensed milk with vanilla flavor, fresh cow's milk, vanilla flavored skim milk flour, vanilla flavored full cream milk flour, and plain goat's milk flour. Protein content of samples were tested using the Lowry method with 3 repetitions each. The collected data were tested using One way Anova and Tukey HSD. The results of the examination of protein levels in the sample showed that the highest protein content was vanilla flavored full cream milk flour (8.43%). Meanwhile, the lowest protein content were fresh cow's milk and vanilla flavored sweetened condensed milk, which were 2.86 and 2.87%, respectively. The average protein content in dairy products in the Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta was 5.39%. There are significant differences between various types of dairy products on protein content.

This study examines correlation between parenting styles and stress levels among 6th-grade students at SDN 2 Sumber Kencono Wongsorejo prior to examinations. The study employed quantitative methods and utilized questionnaires as the primary means of collecting data. The sample was 35 6th-grade students who were about to take the exam, selected through purposive sampling. The findings show a correlation between the parenting style parents applied and the stress level experienced by children before the exam (p-value = 0.002). Students who experience democratic parenting tend to have lower stress levels compared to students who are educated with authoritarian, neglectful, or permissive parenting styles. This study concludes that parenting style is vital in determining children's stress levels before exams. Democratic style can help children manage stress more effectively. The  findings are expected to be a reference for parents and schools in developing strategies to help children face stress before the exam.   Keywords: 6th Grade Elementary School Children, Exams, Parenting Style, Stress Levels.

Airplane Accident Assistance and Fire Fighting (PKP-PK) is a unit at the airport that is responsible for handling aviation emergencies and fires. This research discusses the influence of work discipline and work safety on the work effectiveness of PKP-PK unit employees at airports. Work discipline itself means attitudes and behavior that show compliance and adherence to the rules, norms, procedures and work ethic established in the workplace. Meanwhile Occupational safety itself is a series of actions, policies and procedures implemented to protect the health and safety of employees in the workplace. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of employee work discipline and work safety on the effectiveness of the PKP-PK work unit. This research also aims to determine the effectiveness of the work of firefighters regarding obstacles and the efforts made to overcome these obstacles.The method used in this research is library research, which involves collecting and analyzing data from various relevant literature sources. This research focuses on previous studies regarding work discipline and work safety on work effectiveness in the PKP-PK unit. The research results show that good work discipline and safety have a positive effect on the work effectiveness of the PKP-PK firefighting unit employees. Discipline that is embedded in the souls of every employee increases work effectiveness and enthusiasm for work, so that responses to emergency situations can be carried out quickly and effectively. Therefore, there is a need for better personnel training and more detailed safety equipment readiness to improve operational performance.

VSAT Sailor is a communication aid in KRI that is able to support communication by working directly with satellites, so that KRI can still communicate with other ships and contact bases on land even though it is in the middle of the sea, but in its use, there are still several obstacles that make the VSAT performance itself not optimal so that communication in KRI becomes disrupted and not real time. In this research, the author tries to find out the source of the problems from the obstacles that are often encountered by VSAT users, one of which is KRI, and tries to provide suggestions so that in the future VSAT at KRI can be used optimally and minimize the obstacles that occur. In this study the authors took the problem formulation "How to optimize the use of VSAT Sailor at KRI?". This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. From the research data, the relevance of the literature review, and various theories used as a reference. The data taken for this study came from several KRIs that use VSAT Sailor in the ranks of Koarmada II. With data taken from several KRIs and processed using management theory, it shows that there are still several obstacles in the use of VSAT Sailor that make its performance not optimal. To optimize the performance of the VSAT Sailor at KRI, steps are needed in the form of routine maintenance and maintenance.    

This study evaluates the impact of varying clutch housing weights and centrifugal spring constants on the acceleration of automatic motorcycles with Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT). The research employed an experimental method using a Dynotest acceleration testing tool. Tests were conducted with three clutch housing weights (816 grams, 800 grams, 771 grams) and three spring constants (39.2 N/mm, 29.4 N/mm, 21.38 N/mm). Results indicated that the combination of a 771-gram clutch housing and a 21.38 N/mm spring produced the highest acceleration, reaching 13.16 m/s² at speeds of 0-5 m/s. Conversely, the combination of an 800-gram clutch housing and a 29.4 N/mm spring showed the lowest acceleration at 11.36 m/s². The appropriate combination of clutch housing weight and spring constant is crucial for achieving optimal acceleration, as the balance of centrifugal force and inertia moment affects the efficiency of power transfer from the engine to the wheels. This study recommends adjusting the spring constant when changing the clutch housing weight to achieve maximum acceleration.  

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze various forms of narrative irony contained in Shirley Jackson's short story "The Lottery." This qualitative study used an in-depth text analysis approach to the narrative of the short story. This research method involved structural analysis to identify important narrative elements such as conflict, plot, and character. Using an irony analysis approach, this study examined how Shirley Jackson used this technique to highlight contradictions in human behavior and society. This study provided a deeper understanding of how narrative ironies function in literary works to stimulate critical thinking about human nature.

The use of artificial intelligence has significantly transformed learning methods and processes. Previous research indicates that artificial intelligence can enhance independent learning behavior but also has the potential to increase plagiarism issues. This study aims to statistically examine the relationship between the use of artificial intelligence and plagiarism, as well as independent learning behavior. The research adopts a descriptive associative quantitative approach through surveys conducted at several high schools in Pontianak. The study population comprises students who are familiar with the ChatGPT application. The variables are the use of ChatGPT, plagiarism, and independent learning behavior. Data were collected through questionnaires from 50 respondents and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. This study examines the analysis results using SPSS. Descriptive analysis shows that 56% of respondents are male and 44% are female. The results indicate that 68.8% of males are involved in plagiarism, and 55.6% exhibit independent learning behavior. Inferential analysis shows no significant relationship between the use of ChatGPT and plagiarism or independent learning behavior, based on the very low and insignificant values of Phi, Cramer's V, and Contingency Coefficient (p-value > 0.05).

The success of implementing information systems in a school environment is significantly influenced by effective risk management. This research aims to implement the OCTAVE Allegro method to identify, assess, and manage risks associated with the information system at Panca Setya High School. The OCTAVE Allegro method was chosen for its systematic and structured approach to information security risk management.This research adopts a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with school staff, direct observations, and document analysis. The findings revealed several key risks threatening the information system at Panca Setya High School, including threats to student data confidentiality, weaknesses in technological infrastructure, and a lack of security awareness among users. Through the implementation of the OCTAVE Allegro method, this research successfully identified effective mitigation strategies, such as enhancing information security training for staff, updating security policies and procedures, and strengthening data protection technologies. The conclusion of this research highlights that comprehensive and sustainable risk management is crucial for protecting the school's information assets and ensuring operational continuity.The recommendations from this study are intended to assist the management of Panca Setya High School in enhancing their information system risk management, thereby better supporting the achievement of educational objectives.

The use of artificial intelligence technology in education continues to evolve, one of which is through the application of ChatGPT. This study aims to analyze the results of solving numerical integration problems with the help of ChatGPT compared to manual methods. Numerical integration is an important method in mathematics and various disciplines for calculating the integral values of complex functions. However, manual methods require a deep understanding and high mathematical skills, with a considerable amount of time and repetitive processes that often result in inaccurate solutions. This research attempts to explore the potential of ChatGPT as an educational tool, which has not been extensively discussed in previous literature, especially in solving complex mathematical problems. In this study, a number of numerical integration problems were solved using manual methods, such as the Trapezoidl and Simpson's methods, as well as with the help of ChatGPT. The results were then compared in terms of solution accuracy. The research findings indicate that ChatGPT is capable of providing accurate solutions, with results comparable to manual methods in many cases. The analysis shows that ChatGPT can be used as an aid in solving numerical integration problems because it can provide accurate results comparable to manual methods. However, manual methods are still necessary to maintain a balance between understanding basic concepts and utilizing technology in learning.

The aim of this research is to examine the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in educational administration to increase transparency and accountability at the Garuda Khatulistiwa Education Foundation. This research uses a qualitative approach and case study method, data collected through observation, interviews and document analysis. The research results show that the application of AI at the Garuda Khatulistiwa Education Foundation in several aspects of educational administration, including student data management, financial management and teacher performance evaluation, can improve operational efficiency and more accurate reporting mechanisms. The application of AI can speed up the decision-making process and provide easier access to relevant information for all stakeholders. These findings show that the integration of AI technology not only provides a good level of transparency in the management of educational foundations but also increases accountability for the parties involved. Therefore, the application of AI can be used as a significant innovation in efforts to improve the management of education administration at the Garuda Khatulistiwa Education Foundation

This research analyzes the use of the Prim Algorithm in determining priority routes for package delivery by express service couriers. Through case studies, this research evaluates the efficiency of package delivery by considering delivery priority and the distance the courier will travel. The research results show that the Prim Algorithm is effective in minimizing delivery loads by connecting priority delivery points with minimal travel distance. This research method uses the Prim Algorithm to create a delivery route graph that connects all priority delivery points with a minimum travel distance, with data including the location of the delivery point, priority and distance between locations. The results show that the Prim Algorithm is effective in minimizing delivery load by generating optimal routes, allowing couriers to prioritize package delivery efficiently. This proves the important role of the Prim Algorithm in package delivery strategies for express service couriers.

Mobile applications trend are currently happening due to increased number of people holding smartphones. But this does not mean the end of web and desktop users. Mobile, web and desktop apps will always have its own market and users in manipulating data. The challenges for software developers are how to deliver software to all of those platforms as fast as possible. Efficiency is key in this research, that is to develop a hybrid app. Black box testing will be used in this research to make sure that efficiency is gained throughout the process compared to developing for each platforms independently. Through this research, hopefully can help software developers to develop and deliver applications for user efficiently in a short amount of time.

. Avocado seeds are one of the plants used as a medicine for diabetes mellitus with the Latin name (Persea americana Mill.). Avocado seeds contain compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids which are beneficial for health. This study aims to determine the effect of avocado seed extract (Persea americana Mill.) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in diabetic wounds using the disc diffusion method. The extraction process is by maceration using 96% ethanol. The treatment was repeated 4 times with extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, as a positive control Ciprofloxacin and DMSO (Dimetyl Sulfoxide) as a negative control. The results of phytochemical screening show that avocado seeds contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids. Based on the results of research conducted, avocado seed extract can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria as an inhibition zone is formed. The most effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is at 100% concentration of 10.14 mm.

The main outcome of this study is the relatively low implementation of discipline-focused education through school days, so that any implementation of discipline-focused education through school days can more effectively discipline students, whether in schools, homes, or the general public. This study is conducted using a kualitatif approach. The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the discipline-specific teaching methods used by the students of Sekolah Dasar. These studies are conducted using a deskriptif kualitatif approach with school principals, teachers, and students as the subjects. Studying is done in SD GMIT 007 KABOLA. In this study, observations, interviews, and documentation are used as data sources. The techniques for data analysis using the Miles and Huberman model include data redaction, data processing, and verification, or kesimpulan. Triangulation technique is used in the data elucidation process. The study's findings indicate that when it comes toTriangulation is a technique used in data analysis. The results of the study indicate that the following steps should be taken in order to implement the disciplined learning program through the school day at SD GMIT 007 KABOLA: 1) creating the character education program; 2) creating the school rules and behavior codes; 3) providing moral guidance to students in the elementary and middle schools; 4) involving parents/guardians in the disciplined learning process; and 5) involving the school committee in the disciplined learning process.

This research aims to examine the influence of teachers' teaching skills on student learning outcomes in elementary schools. This research will specifically examine teaching skills and learning readiness as factors that can influence student learning outcomes.  Teachers' teaching skills are very important in the learning process because it is one way teachers can do it so that the learning process in the classroom fosters effective student learning activities and learning outcomes can be as appropriate as possible. what to expect. Learning activities are not enough to just listen and take notes, but must be more complex than that. This shows that the teacher's teaching skills must be able to enable students to stimulate various learning activities. In writing this article, we used a qualitative approach with a literature study based on several scientific journals, electronic books and other sources whose accuracy has been confirmed. The results of this study describe that there is an influence of teacher teaching skills on student learning outcomes in elementary schools.  By mastering basic teaching skills, teachers can distribute all learning materials so as to achieve the learning objectives themselves

This growth and development takes place simultaneously, although both do not occur simultaneously within an individual, let alone between individuals. For example, there are babies who can walk at the age of 11 months, but there are also babies who can only walk after they are 24 months old. There are even identical twins who are born with different weights and heights.  

History has recorded that the Fatimid dynasty was an Islamic dynasty that was born in the X century and had very brilliant achievements in Islamic civilization. In fact, this dynasty was able to compete with the two great dynasties at that time, namely the Abbasid dynasty in Baghdad and the Umayyad dynasty in Spain. The glory of Islam during the Fatimid dynasty, was very developed, prosperous in the economic field, educational institutions were built including: the great mosque of al-Azhar which became a university educational institution in Cairo, Dar al-'Ilmi as a center for the study of Islamic sciences, astronomy and medicine . Likewise in the field of architecture, starting from magnificent gates, paintings, carvings, textile and ceramic products. All this shows the existence of the Fatimid dynasty at that time.

Posyandu plays a crucial role in improving community welfare in various regions, and the presence of health cadres as the spearhead of Posyandu implementation. The purpose of this activity is to enhance the ability of Posyandu cadres in providing services through effective communication skills improvement. The methods used in this activity include lectures, discussions, question-and-answer sessions, as well as pre-tests and post-tests. The results of this activity show a significant increase in the effective communication skills of Posyandu cadres. This increase can be seen from the gain score values that improve the effective communication skills of Posyandu cadres. Participant S achieved the highest gain score value of 0.9 and a percentage increase of 90.0%.

This research discusses the legal and economic aspects related to Sales and Purchase Agreements in the context of debt settlement. The main focus is the legal analysis of Sales and Purchase Agreements which is based on Debt-Receivable or Money Lending and Borrowing Agreements, as well as its impact on legal certainty and protection for the parties involved. This research also investigates the provisions of Articles 1457 and 1458 of the Civil Code regarding the validity of sale and purchase transactions, as well as the process of transferring land rights through a Deed of Sale and Purchase carried out by the Land Deed Official. The study results show that PPJB is often used as debt collateral, although this practice is not legally valid because Sales and Purchase Agreements and Debt-Receivable Agreements have different concepts and principles. The use of Sales and Purchase Agreements as debt collateral is considered problematic because it violates Article 1320 of the Civil Code which regulates the conditions for the validity of an agreement. This research emphasizes the importance of understanding the differences between sales and purchase agreements and accounts payable to ensure legal clarity and adequate protection for all parties involved in the agreement.    

Marine pollution resulting from ship navigation activities is a primary concern in safeguarding the maritime environment in Indonesian waters. This article examines law enforcement regarding marine pollution from an environmental law perspective, focusing on existing regulations in Indonesia. Through a normative legal approach, the article identifies the legal framework governing the prevention and mitigation of marine pollution and the responsibilities of relevant parties. Additionally, employing a policy analysis approach, this article evaluates the effectiveness of implementing these regulations in addressing cases of marine pollution caused by ship navigation activities. The analysis reveals that while Indonesia possesses a relatively comprehensive legal framework, challenges persist in ensuring effective law enforcement, including inter-agency coordination and limited human resources. The article also offers recommendations for strengthening law enforcement and marine environmental protection in the future.