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Corruption is an unlawful act that aims to enrich oneself, others, or a corporation, which in turn results in financial losses or has a negative impact on the country's economy. The definition of corruption itself is regulated in Law Number 31 Year 1999, which was later amended to Law Number 20 Year 2001. The harmful actions were committed by Harvey Moeis and Setyo Novanto. The losses incurred by each suspect were Rp 2.3 trillion and Rp 300 trillion, respectively. The writing method used in this article is literature study. This method can be done by collecting references consisting of several previous studies and then compiling them to draw conclusions. The corruption case committed by Harvey Moeis was related to the management of thyme commodity trading in Indonesian territory with a state loss of Rp 300 trillion, then the E-KTP case that dragged Setya Novanto's name. He is suspected of arranging for the project to be approved by the House of Representatives. Both cases violate Article 20A of Law Number 20 of 2001 and Law Number 31 of 1999 on the eradication of corruption. This case calls into question the accountability of public officials, especially in the case of Setya Novanto, the authority of state institutions over this case and the rule of law upheld in Indonesian constitutional law.

The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of modern linguistics. Descriptive qualitative research methodology is used here. The literature on contemporary linguistics served as the study's data source. The method of data analysis is linguistic content analysis. both current and broad linguistics. According to the study's findings, modern linguistics is the scientific study of language itself, including its lexical, grammatical, and phonological structure (langue) as well as its use as speech (parole). The constituent elements of language—phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics—are the focus of contemporary linguistic research. In order for language to be used effectively, modern linguistics seeks to better comprehend its nature, phenomena, and constituent parts to interact with others within a social setting.Sociolinguistics, contrastive, and psycholinguistics are some of the advantages of using linguistic theory in Arabic instruction. In order to establish learning objectives and provide an explanation of the language, linguistics is a crucial component of Arabic language instruction Teachers benefit from linguistics' ability to describe and analyse language, which enhances the educational process. Planning maturity is the first step in an effective learning process and is essential to attaining the best learning outcomes. Achieving the objectives of Arabic language instruction begins with careful planning.

Learning Arabic in the digital era faces great challenges and opportunities. The main challenges include limited technological infrastructure, low skills of educators in utilizing technology, and limited internet access, especially in remote areas. Additionally, technical issues such as the use of Arabic letters and the distraction of non-educational content affect learning effectiveness. The quality of digital learning materials also needs to be improved to make them more interactive. On the other hand, technology provides opportunities such as flexible access to learning resources, gamification to increase motivation, as well as more personalized and multimedia-based learning. Digital learning allows wider access to education, especially for students in remote areas. To maximize this potential, training for educators, improving infrastructure and developing quality content is needed. Policy support and collaboration between government, educators and technology developers are very important to optimize Arabic language learning in the digital era.

Education is one of the rights owned by all Indonesian people, especially in the formation of intellectual skills of students, including in increasing creativity. The purpose of this writing is to provide analytical results related to learning design with aim of increasing student creativity with innovation and creativity. The writing method used in writing this journal is using qualitative type. The conclusion drawn through the explanation above is that increasing student creativity can be influenced by the use of learning designs designed by teachers. There are various designs used in the field of learning including ADDIE design, problem-based learning design, STEAM, and ILAB. The use of this learning design must of course be adjusted to the characteristics material and students. Learning design is a plan that is used as reference in implementation teaching and learning activities which include assessment, techniques, media, learning materials, and learning objectives.

This study focuses on strengthening the culture of literacy at SDN Desa Danau Sadar as an effort to build a generation of character through early literacy. Reading literacy, introduction of literacy trees, and the school teaching program are the three main approaches implemented in this program. The results of the study showed a significant increase in students' reading and writing skills, as well as an increase in reading interest. The socialization of reading literacy succeeded in increasing parental awareness and participation in supporting literacy at home. The introduction of literacy trees motivated students to read more books and develop critical thinking skills. The school teaching program provided significant additional academic support, improving student achievement in core subjects. In conclusion, these programs succeeded in creating a conducive learning environment and supporting students' academic and character development. 

This study aims to explore the utilization of the social media platform TikTok in supporting the learning process in the digital era. TikTok, as a popular platform offering various creative features, has the potential to become a learning tool that captures students' attention and enhances their engagement. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through observation, interviews, and content analysis. The results indicate that using TikTok in education can increase students' interest in learning materials, expand teaching methods, and provide a more innovative and enjoyable learning experience. However, challenges such as time management and the risk of distractions must be addressed to ensure the effective use of TikTok. This study concludes that, with the right strategies, TikTok can serve as a relevant and beneficial learning medium, aligned with the evolving educational needs of the digital era.

This research is motivated by the importance of the role of technology in education, especially the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and interactive learning tools such as Quizizz to increase students' interest in learning. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the use of artificial intelligence and Quizizz on students' interest in the Digital Educational Technology course. The research method used is a quantitative approach using a survey method by distributing questionnaires to students of the Jakarta State University Office Administration Training Program in 2022 as the population in this study, with a sample of 50 respondents combined between class A and class B, and analyzed with the help of IBM SPSS Statistic 25 to obtain test results. The results of the study show that the use of AI provides a more personal and effective learning experience, while the Quizizz media creates an interesting learning environment through gamification elements. The combination of these two factors has been shown to have a significant positive impact on increasing students' interest in learning, as evidenced by the high level of student engagement and motivation in the learning process. The findings of this study provide insight for educators to develop innovative technology-based teaching strategies and also encourage educational institutions to use modern technology to improve the quality of education in the digital era.

Learning the concepts of Greatest Common Factor (GCF) and Least Common Multiple (LCM) at the elementary school level faces significant challenges due to their abstract and complex nature. This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of innovative learning strategies using the congklak game in enhancing students' understanding of GCF and LCM concepts. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) methodology with the ADDIE model, involving 14 fifth-grade students from SDS Nahdlatul Ulama Medan as research subjects. The congklak game was developed as an interactive learning tool that integrates traditional game elements with mathematical concepts. Implementation was conducted through structured phases including needs analysis, media design, prototype development, learning implementation, and outcome evaluation. Research findings demonstrate significant improvements in students' conceptual understanding and learning outcomes. The use of congklak media successfully created contextual learning experiences that enabled students to visualize abstract GCF and LCM concepts through manipulation of congklak seeds. This strategy also increased active student engagement, promoted collaborative learning, and created an enjoyable learning atmosphere. Data analysis showed improved average student scores and higher learning mastery rates compared to conventional teaching methods. This study provides practical contributions to the development of mathematics teaching strategies at the elementary school level, particularly in teaching GCF and LCM concepts. The research findings recommend the use of congklak media as an effective alternative for enhancing the quality of meaningful mathematics learning oriented toward conceptual understanding.

Investigating the impact of micro and macro fundamentals on the value of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2019 and 2023 is the purpose of this study. In this study, mediating factors include capital structure, financial performance, and firm characteristics. Firm size, Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Debt Ratio (DR) are examples of micro fundamentals, while GDP, inflation, and interest rates are examples of macro fundamentals. This study assesses the relationship between variables using path analysis based on SmartPLS. The results show that micro fundamentals significantly affect financial performance, capital structure, and firm characteristics, while macro fundamentals only affect capital structure. In addition, firm characteristics are proven to affect financial performance, but do not directly affect firm value. A company's financial performance greatly affects its value. The results show that strategic internal management and adaptation to macroeconomic changes are essential to increasing business value. This study helps stakeholders, including corporate management and policy makers, in building strategies that maximize firm value amidst increasingly complex global economic challenges and market competition.

This study aims to analyze the influence of tax digitalization, taxpayer awareness, and tax knowledge on the level of taxpayer compliance in Indonesia. This study is based on the low level of tax compliance even though tax revenues have increased significantly thanks to digitalization. The method used is a literature review, with secondary data analysis from various relevant sources. The results of the study indicate that tax digitalization contributes positively to taxpayer compliance, facilitating reporting and reducing fraud. In addition, tax awareness and knowledge have also been shown to increase compliance, where taxpayers who understand their obligations tend to be more compliant. This study concludes that in order to increase taxpayer compliance, further efforts are needed to increase tax awareness and knowledge, as well as optimally utilize digital technology. The implications of the results of this study are important for tax policy in Indonesia to support increased state revenues.

The largest source of income used to support all government activities is from taxes, ranging from employee salaries to infrastructure development. With the increasing number of taxpayers, both individual taxpayers and organizational taxpayers, the tax sector can anticipate increased revenue. This study aims to find and examine the effect of understanding tax regulations, quality of tax services, and tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance. This study uses the literature review method to analyze the reasons behind the explanatory variables. The theory behind this study is the theory of compliance and attribution. The results of the study show that the relationship between understanding tax regulations, quality of tax services, and tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance varies, so that a clear agreement has not been reached. This study provides a picture based on existing facts for further research using the variables of understanding tax regulations, quality of tax services, and tax sanctions.

In addition to the academic community (internal public), the community (external public) also contributes to public relations strategies, specifically the relationship between schools and the public (society) that is designed to foster cooperation in order to gain recognition from the community and improve the quality of education. Therefore, to develop the educational institution, SMK NU Tulungagung must manage public relations. Specifically, this means overseeing school activities and improving school achievements, which will then be shared on social media as an effort to attract the attention of a wider audience. This study aims to explain the public relations approach used to improve the positive perception of the institution toward SMK NU Tulungagung. The research uses a qualitative methodology and is classified as a case study. Three methods are used to collect data: documentation, interviews, and observations. The data analysis stages include data condensation, data presentation, and verification and conclusion drawing. Based on the research findings, the public relations strategy of SMK NU Tulungagung consists of four main steps: program planning, organizing, implementation, and reporting/evaluation. Planning involves identifying issues and program planning based on problem analysis; organizing involves appointing administrators and granting authority to those involved in public relations program activities; communication with strategies is used to implement the program, and program assessment and reporting. Based on the findings of this study, educational institutions must establish and implement a strategic plan that aligns with the vision, mission, and objectives of their internal and external environment. When an institution implements a good and appropriate approach, it becomes part of its branding, giving it a reputation and advantage over other similar organizations. The obstacles in the public relations strategy to build a good institutional image at SMK NU Tulungagung include miscommunication, as some people in the surrounding community still lack concern for children's education due to a lack of motivation within the community. As a result, when school representatives come, they are less responsive in conveying information related to students. Every action taken by the educational institution will undoubtedly create challenges and consequences. The challenges of the public relations strategy in building a good institutional image at SMK NU Tulungagung include an increase in the registration of new students and public recognition of the school’s existence.

Semantic is the science of the meaning of language. In this case, widespread change in meaning relating to the use of the word. Widespread change in meaning is a change that occurs in a word that lacks only one meaning. This research is motivated by language which aims to meet the needs in communication. The issues discussed are a form of widespread change of meaning (generalization) on Facebook's social media. The purpose of this study was to determine, describe the form of widespread meaning changes found on Facebook's social media. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The source of data in this study is Facebook's social media and sources or journals researching about Meaningful Changes (Generalization) on Facebook's Social Media Objects analyzed, namely the Changes in Widespread Meaning (Generalization) at Facebook's Social Media. The data collection techniques in this study are the author using Literature Study, please note. The researcher listened and noted the words experiencing changes in meaning found on the status and comments on Facebook as well as documentation.Lang measures in the study were identifying words with changes in meaning, noting identification, conducting data collection and processing conclusions and drawing conclusions. From the results of the discussion, there are 8 (Eight) forms of widespread meaning found.  

The purpose of this research is to describe the personality of kholeris, melakholis, phlegmati, and sanuinis in the main character in the novel Merindu Baginda Nabi by Habiburahman El Shirazy. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative data analysis. The data source used in this research is the novel Merindu Baginda Nabi Karya Habiburahman El Shirazy and relevant theoretical books related to literary psychology. While the research data in this study are excerpts of sentences contained in the novel Merindu Baginda Nabi. the instrument used is a documentation guide. Then the data analysis techniques in this study are, reading carefully the contents of the novel, noting and underlining character characters, analyzing data, describing data, and drawing conclusions. From the analysis, it can be concluded that in the novel Merindu Baginda Nabi there is a personality structure that focuses on tolerant, melancholic, phlegmatic, and sanuinis in the main character named Rifa. The personality in Rifa's character is more in the personality structure of kholeris and sanguinis.  

This study discusses the comparison of the financial performance of three tobacco companies in Indonesia, namely PT Gudang Garam Tbk, PT HM Sampoerna Tbk, and PT Indonesia Tobacco Tbk in the 2019-2023 period. The analysis was conducted using financial ratios including liquidity, activity, solvency, profitability, and market to evaluate the operational performance and financial structure of each company. The results showed that PT HM Sampoerna Tbk consistently had the best performance in terms of operational efficiency, profitability, and solvency. Meanwhile, PT Gudang Garam Tbk excels in dividend policy, despite facing challenges in asset efficiency and profitability. PT Indonesia Tobacco Tbk, despite showing improvement in some solvency ratios, still faces high financial risk and low operational efficiency. This study provides important insights for investors and stakeholders to understand the competitive position and opportunities for improvement of corporate strategies in the tobacco industry.

Banks serve as intermediary institutions that collect funds and channel them back into various forms of investment within society. A bank's primary activity of lending funds to the public carries the risk of default or nonpayment by borrowers, referred to as credit risk. Proper management of credit risk is crucial, as increasing proportions of non-performing loans can lead to poor banking health conditions. This study aims to examine, analyze, and explain the influence of liquidity, bank capital, profitability, and operational efficiency on credit risk. The sample for this research consists of 31 banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2023 period. Data were collected using a non-participant observation method. The data analysis technique employed is multiple linear regression analysis, conducted using IBM SPSS version 25 software. The results of the analysis indicate that profitability has a significant negative effect on credit risk, while operational efficiency has a significant positive effect on credit risk. The practical implications of this study provide valuable insights for bank management to maintain profitability levels and operational efficiency to minimize potential credit risks.  

The Influence of Product Quality on Consumer Satisfaction at UD. Source of Fortune, Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency. This research aims to analyze the influence of product quality on consumer satisfaction at UD. Source of Fortune. The method used is quantitative research with a sample of 99 respondents, taken using the Slovin formula. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using simple linear regression. The research results show that product quality has a positive and significant influence on consumer satisfaction, with a t-count value of 21.726, much higher than the t-table of 1.661. The R Square value of 0.830 shows that 83% of consumer satisfaction is influenced by product quality. This research concludes that improving product quality can increase consumer satisfaction, so it is important for UD. Sumber Rezeki continues to improve the quality of its products in order to maintain and increase customer loyalty.

This study aims to analyze the influence of customer experience perception, service quality, and product quality on customer satisfaction at Sinar Gemilang Coffee Shop. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through a structured questionnaire survey of customers. The findings indicate that customer experience perception, service quality, and product quality have a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction, both partially and simultaneously. Customer experience perception plays a major role in fostering loyalty through meaningful and consistent interactions. Meanwhile, service quality is crucial in building customer trust through friendliness, responsiveness, and reliability. Product quality is also a key factor, as aspects such as taste, consistency, and value directly enhance customer satisfaction. These findings offer practical implications for Sinar Gemilang Coffee Shop to continually improve customer experience, service, and product quality to maintain competitiveness and increase customer satisfaction.

This literature study examines how Online Customer Reviews influence Purchase Decisions at ShopeeFood. To gather more information about the items to be purchased and reduce the risks and negative impacts received when making online purchases, customer reviews can be used as a reference. This literature study aims to analyze and synthesize previous research findings regarding the role of online customer reviews on purchasing decisions and identify other factors that influence online customer reviews on purchasing decisions at ShopeeFood. This study was conducted using a literature reflection method that analyzed various related sources. The results obtained from this study indicate that online customer reviews have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions at ShopeeFood.

Pneumonia is an infectious disease or acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma, mainly caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae. The use of antibiotics is the main therapy in the treatment of pneumonia, antibiotics used can inhibit the growth or kill the bacteria that cause infection. Irational use of antibiotics can cause treatment to be less effective, decreased drug safety, increased levels of resistance and increased treatment costs. The aim of this research is to examine the rationality of using antibiotics in pneumonia patients in the pulmonary inpatient installation of M. Zein Painan Hospital for the period January-December 2020. This type of research is non-experimental research, using descriptive methods and retrospective data collection, as well as data collection purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using reference sources in the form of Drug Pharmacotherapy Hand Book 11th Edition and Guidelines for Diagnosis & Management of Community Pneumonia in 2014. The results of this study were that there were 118 patients who were diagnosed with pneumonia in the pulmonary inpatient installation at M. Zein Painan Regional Hospital, and only 48 patients met the requirements. inclusion criteria.   The results of the rational analysis of antibiotic use showed that of the 48 pneumonia patients, the indication was correct as much as (100%), the patient was correct as much as (100%), the drug was correct as much as (95.84%), the dose was correct as much as (96.08%) and the duration was correct. giving as much as (92.16%). The conclusion is that there is still irrational use of antibiotics in the pulmonary inpatient installation at M. Zein Painan Regional Hospital.