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Between June and early August, six accidents occurred on the Semarang-Solo toll road compared to other toll roads, one of which involved 15 vehicles. To reduce accidents, information on the causes of accidents and the risk factors involved needs to be studied. This research method uses descriptive observational. Data were collected through observations twice during the day and once at night. The results of the study found a relationship between environmental factors, driver factors, and vehicle factors that contribute to the risk of accidents. Suggestions: Efforts are needed to minimize contributing risk factors in order to reduce the risk of accidents. The method used in this study is descriptive observational, with data collected through direct observation at two times during the day and once at night. This approach allows for observation of road conditions and driver behavior at various times, both during the day and night, which often have different levels of accident risk. These observations not only look at the physical condition of the road, but also pay attention to the factors of the drivers and vehicles involved. The results show a significant relationship between environmental factors, driver factors, and vehicle factors that can increase the risk of accidents. Several environmental factors, such as weather conditions, street lighting, and inadequate toll road design, have been found to influence accident rates. Furthermore, driver factors such as fatigue, excessive speed, and negligence also contribute significantly to accidents. Equally important, poorly maintained vehicles or vehicles that do not meet safety standards also play a role in causing accidents. It is recommended that efforts to minimize these risk factors be coordinated between authorities and the public. Improving the quality of toll road infrastructure, providing adequate lighting, and monitoring driver behavior are essential.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common cause of peripheral vestibular dysfunction, often resolving with canalith repositioning maneuvers (CRM). However, residual dizziness and imbalance may persist, impairing functional mobility. This case report describes a 55 year old female diagnosed with right posterior canal BPPV through a positive Dix Hallpike test. Following successful CRM, she reported residual postural instability and difficulty walking. A structured four week vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) program was implemented, consisting of habituation (Brandt Daroff), adaptation (gaze stability, VOR x1, VOR x2), sensory substitution, and progressive balance training, delivered three times weekly for 45 minutes per session. Balance and mobility were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test at baseline and after the intervention. Results showed improvement in BBS from 42/56 to 53/56 (+11 points) and a reduction in TUG from 14.8 to 9.6 seconds (−5.2 seconds), both exceeding minimal detectable change values for older adults. The patient reported complete resolution of dizziness, increased walking confidence, and return to independent daily activities without adverse effects. This case suggests VRT as a valuable adjunct to CRM in BPPV patients with residual functional deficits, warranting further research in larger controlled studies.

This study is based on problems that often occur in patients at NU Mangir Hospital with the aim of this study as an effort to detect several possibilities that occur so that it becomes a solution to minimize existing symptoms. This study uses quantitative research with the type of data collection taken based on random sampling techniques from existing patients and then analyzed using statistics with the help of SPSS version 20.00. Infection in patients with Water Seal Drainage (WSD) is a serious problem that increases morbidity and mortality. This study aims to identify demographic and clinical factors that influence the incidence of infection in WSD patients at NU Mangir Hospital, Banyuwangi. The method used is a cross-sectional approach with purposive sampling of 24 respondents. The results showed that systemic infections occurred most often (45.8%), and age factors, length of WSD installation, leukocyte levels, and comorbidities were significantly related to the incidence of infection. Improvement in the quality of care is needed to reduce the risk of infection.

This study was conducted with the primary objective of examining in depth the influence of lesson venue on parents’ satisfaction in Laman Baru Village. The research focused on comparing two alternative locations that have been options for the community: conducting lessons in residents’ homes on a rotating basis and conducting lessons in the church. Each of these alternatives carries different characteristics in terms of comfort, symbolic meaning, as well as social and religious acceptance within the local community. The research method employed was a descriptive quantitative approach using questionnaires and field observations. Through this method, the researcher was able to obtain empirical data that reflected parents’ perceptions and real experiences regarding lesson venues. The collected data were then analyzed to determine the extent to which location affected satisfaction, comfort, sense of security, and parents’ involvement in supporting their children’s nonformal education activities. The findings revealed that the choice of venue significantly influenced parents’ attitudes and responses. Lessons conducted in residents’ homes were perceived as more inclusive, since they embodied a sense of togetherness and collective participation within the community. Furthermore, this venue was considered symbolically neutral, thus avoiding any impression of favoritism toward a particular religious group. It also opened wider opportunities for parents to be directly involved in supporting their children. On the other hand, lessons held in the church created resistance, particularly among non-Christian parents, who viewed the church as a less neutral venue laden with specific religious meaning. This condition potentially reduced the participation of certain community members and generated discomfort in a multicultural context. Therefore, these findings highlight the importance of considering social, economic, and religious sensitivities in determining the venue of nonformal education, so that the activities carried out can be broadly accepted and bring optimal benefits to the entire community.

This article aims to explore the urgency of increasing awareness of a healthy lifestyle in dealing with the phenomenon of a post-pandemic sedentary lifestyle, by considering its relationship to Islamic education. The study is the result of a qualitative literature review with a theoretical approach to a sedentary lifestyle and then based on the urgency of a healthy lifestyle. After discussion and analysis, the study concluded: that Islamic education focuses on a healthy lifestyle culture, so that sedentary culture is a contradictory habit. The study recommends strengthening self-awareness as a solution to the mass sedentary culture due to the pandemic. This step minimizes the risk of disease and health disorders. This study is expected to contribute to the world of medicine and Islamic education.

The 2024 Indonesian General Election is not only a reflection of democratic dynamics but also highlights the increasing political polarization among party supporters. This study aims to analyze how online media coverage shapes and reinforces political polarization, particularly in the forms of affective and identity polarization. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a Miles and Huberman approach, utilizing data collected from online news articles during the 2024 election period. The findings reveal that affective polarization manifests through the spread of hate narratives and emotions that deepen social divisions, while identity polarization intensifies through the use of religious, ethnic, and ideological factors to build group loyalty. These two forms of polarization contribute to growing societal fragmentation and impact the quality of democracy in Indonesia. Therefore, efforts to enhance digital and political literacy are crucial to mitigating the negative effects of media-driven political polarization.

Forecasting the number of electricity customers is a crucial aspect of resource planning and management at PT PLN Tasikmalaya. One method that can be used to improve forecasting accuracy is Lagrange Interpolation, which constructs an interpolation polynomial based on known data points. Although this method has been widely applied in various fields, its use in forecasting the number of electricity customers remains rare. Therefore, this study aims to explore the application of the Lagrange Interpolation method in forecasting the monthly number of electricity customers at PT PLN Tasikmalaya.In this study, historical electricity customer data was used as the basis for constructing an interpolation polynomial, which was then utilized to forecast the number of customers from January 2024 to May 2024. The forecasting results indicate an increase in the number of electricity customers each month. After rounding, the estimated number of customers is 274,952 in January 2024, 278,142 in February 2024, 284,402 in March 2024, 296,031 in April 2024, and 316,391 in May 2024.The findings of this study demonstrate that the Lagrange Interpolation method can be applied to forecast the monthly number of electricity customers at PT PLN Tasikmalaya. However, to improve forecasting accuracy, it is recommended to compare this method with other forecasting techniques and consider external factors that may influence the number of customers, such as government policies, economic growth, and changes in electricity consumption patterns.

The rapid transformation of technology affects various aspects of life, including education. In elementary school learning, the use of interactive learning media is an innovative solution to improve student understanding. Conventional learning methods such as lectures often get bored quickly, especially if they rely only on textbooks. Therefore, teachers need to utilize technology to create more interesting and interactive media.One effective medium is interactive PowerPoint (PPT), which combines elements of sound, images, video, text, and animation to improve students' comprehension of the subject matter. It also allows for direct feedback, increases student participation, and accelerates concept understanding. In Pancasila and citizenship as a topic Education (PPKn) in elementary school, the use of interactive media has been proven to be able to increase interest in learning and encourage students' critical thinking. This study examines several studies on media efficacy using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) technique. Interactive PPT in learning. The The results of the study indicate that the use ofthis media significantly improves students' understanding of PPKn learning. With a more interesting and interactive approach, students are more motivated to learn and able to understand concepts more deeply. Therefore, the integration of digital media in PPKn learning is an innovative solution in enhancing the caliber of education at the elementary school level

Museums have an important role in preserving human and natural cultural heritage, with the main task of collecting, maintaining, securing and displaying collections for educational and research purposes. The Sang Nila Utama Museum in Pekanbaru is an example of a museum that focuses on pre serving Riau Malay culture, functioning as a storage place for artifacts as well as a center for learning local history. The use of this museum in the learning process has been proven to increase public understanding, especially students, regarding the socio-cultural life of the Malay community and the history of Riau. With a variety of collections including artifacts, dioramas and miniatures, this museum provides an interactive experience that enriches knowledge of local history, while strengthening a sense of pride in regional and national cultural identity

Background: Vaginal discharge is a common health problem experienced by women of childbearing age, often causing discomfort, irritation, and decreased quality of life. Traditional herbal remedies, such as boiled betel leaves and turmeric, are widely used in Indonesia due to their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which are believed to help reduce the duration and severity of vaginal discharge. Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of giving boiled betel leaves and turmeric in reducing the duration of vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age. Methods: A quantitative pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted. The sample consisted of 30 women of childbearing age experiencing vaginal discharge, selected using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the duration of vaginal discharge before and after the intervention. Results: The Wilcoxon test showed a significant reduction in the duration of vaginal discharge after administering boiled betel leaves and turmeric, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that the intervention was effective. Conclusion: Giving boiled betel leaves and turmeric effectively reduces the duration of vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age. This intervention can be considered as a simple, affordable, and natural alternative for managing vaginal discharge.

Several titles of poems related to meditation by Heri Isnaini are exciting works to study, especially on the physical and inner elements of the poem. The inner elements are interrelated with the intrinsic elements contained in the poem, such as theme, feeling, tone, atmosphere, and the message to be conveyed. In contrast, the physical elements refer to the visual and auditory aspects of the poem, such as word choice, imagery, language style, typography, concrete language, and rhyme. This paper uses the literature study research method, namely by collecting data by reviewing books, as well as various reports related to the problem to be solved. This research aims to describe and examine the physical and mental elements, as well as understand the relationship between the two elements in building overall meaning in the poems “Meditation 1”, “Meditation 2”, “Time Meditation”, and “Rain Meditation” by Heri Isnaini. The results of this study show that the physical and mental elements in poetry have a complementary relationship in expressing a deep message, thus producing a complete meaning and touching emotionally and intellectually.

Poetry is a form of literary expression that contains physical and mental elements. Distance Poem 1, Distance 2, Pilgrimage Poem 1, and Pilgrimage Poem 2 by Heri Isnaini.   These four literary works are rich in physical and mental elements, and these two elements complement each other and build meaning. This research aims to analyze how the physical and mental elements in the poem form the meaning and aesthetics of literary works. and the physical elements studied include diction, imagery, language style, rhyme, and typography as an external form of poetry that builds a structure of beauty. Meanwhile, the inner elements analyzed include themes, feelings, tone, and mandates as the core meaning of the poem. The method used is the Literature Study method. Data was collected from written sources such as poetry theory books, scientific articles, and publications that discuss poetry and biographies of poets.  

This study aims to reveal the physical and spiritual elements in Heri Isnaini's poems, namely "Kita", "Aku Menunggu Bunga", "Kita Jalan Berdua", and "Mengetuk Ketukan". In terms of physical elements, the analysis includes diction, imagery, concrete words, figures of speech, rhyme, and typography used by the poet to build the beauty and meaning of the poem. Spiritual elements include themes, feelings, tones, and messages that reflect the poet's attitude towards life, love, and human existence. The results of the analysis show that Heri Isnaini uses a lot of simple but meaningful diction, as well as metaphors and personifications that strengthen the emotional nuances. Visual imagery and feelings are dominant in creating a deep poetic atmosphere. Themes such as waiting, togetherness, love, and the search for the meaning of life are the common thread of the entire poem. With a stylistic and hermeneutic approach, it can be concluded that these poems not only reveal the poet's personal expression, but also reflect universal human experiences.

This research aims to examine how the physical and mental elements in Heri Isnaini's poems entitled "Memories 1", "In Memories 2", "With You When Dusk", and "I Met You at the End of the Night". By focusing on the intrinsic analysis of the elements of poetry. The physical elements studied were diction, rhyme, majas, and typography. As for the inner element, it includes the theme, tone, atmosphere, and mandate implied in each work. The results of the analysis show that Heri Isnaini uses simple poetic language with a predominance of melancholy and contemplative atmospheres. The themes of love, silence, and memories become the common thread that connects the four poems. With the power of expression and subtle choice of diction, these poems reflect the poet's emotional depth towards both universal and personal experiences.

This study analyzes the development of expressive language skills in children aged 4 to 5 years living in multilingual environments. The research aims to understand how exposure to multiple languages influences the expressive abilities of young children. A qualitative approach was applied, involving observation and structured interviews with parents and educators. Findings indicate that children in multilingual settings exhibit varied vocabulary usage and code-switching behaviors, with some delays in expressive fluency compared to monolingual peers, yet with enhanced pragmatic skills. The study highlights the importance of supportive linguistic environments and tailored educational strategies to foster optimal language development. These findings have implications for educators, speech therapists, and parents in managing multilingualism during early childhood.

The development of reading interest in early childhood plays a crucial role in shaping cognitive and language abilities. This research aims to explore teacher strategies in fostering reading interest among young children through the implementation of creative reading corners. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted in a kindergarten setting using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The findings show that teachers utilize various strategies such as thematic storytelling, interactive reading sessions, and personalized reading spaces to attract children's attention. The creative reading corner is designed with colorful visuals, age-appropriate books, and engaging media to stimulate curiosity. These efforts significantly contribute to increasing children’s enthusiasm for reading and enhancing their literacy skills. The implication of this study highlights the importance of teacher innovation in designing stimulating reading environments to develop lifelong reading habits from an early age.

This study investigates the effect of picture stories on enhancing the narrative skills of kindergarten children. The background of this research is rooted in the crucial role of narrative ability in early childhood language development, which can be stimulated through engaging learning media. The objective is to examine how the use of picture stories contributes to improvements in children's ability to construct and tell coherent stories. A quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design was employed. The participants consisted of 30 kindergarten children, divided into an experimental group receiving picture story interventions and a control group with conventional storytelling. Data were collected through observational rubrics and analyzed using paired and independent sample t-tests. The findings reveal a significant increase in narrative ability in the experimental group compared to the control group. These results suggest that picture stories are effective in fostering young children’s narrative competence. The study implies that early childhood educators should integrate picture stories into learning activities to support children's language development.

This study aims to examine the application of role play techniques in developing communication skills in early childhood. Communication is a fundamental ability that supports children's social and emotional development. This research used a qualitative descriptive method involving observations, interviews, and documentation of role play activities conducted in a kindergarten setting. The results showed that role play techniques significantly contributed to enhancing children's verbal and non-verbal communication skills. Children became more confident in expressing ideas, engaging in conversations, and understanding social cues. The role play method provided a safe and imaginative environment where children could practice communication naturally. The implications of this study suggest that educators should incorporate role play as a routine activity to stimulate the development of communication skills in early childhood education..

Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnoekologi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menggali dan memahami sistem pengetahuan lokal masyarakat dalam mengelola ladang berpindah serta relasi mereka dengan lingkungan secara holistik. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah dalam perspektif etnoekologi, ladang berpindah bukanlah praktik usang atau destruktif, melainkan sistem pertanian yang kaya akan akan nilai-nilai ekologis, sosial, dan spritual. Ia mencerminkan cara hidup yang harmonis dengan alam, berbasis pengetahuan lokal yang telah terbukti adaptif dan berkelanjutan selama berabad-abad. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengakui, melindungi, dan mendukung praktik ladang berpindah sebagai bagian dari kekayaan budaya dan solusi alternatif terhadap krisis ekologi global. Pendekatan ini juga menegaskan bahwa pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan harus mempertimbangkan suara dan pengalaman masyarakat adat sebagai pelaku utama dalam pelestarian bumi.

Tebas Sungai Village is one of the villages in Tebas District, which has a very unique history and has experienced development from its formation until now, and is the oldest village, especially in Tebas District, with a large population and a high level of education. This research aims to explore the events behind the formation of Tebas Sungai Village, find out the development of Tebas Sungai Village from 1938-2024.This type of research is qualitative research using critical analysis. The approaches used are historical, sociological and anthropological approaches. Meanwhile, data sources were obtained from primary and secondary sources. The data that has been collected is processed and analyzed through the stages of historical research methods, namely the heuristic, verification, interpretation and historiography stages. Data collection techniques in this research include observation, interviews, and documentation.The research results show that The development of Tebas Sungai Village from the colonial period, the beginning of independence, the old order to the new order to reform, until the expansion of Sambas Regency, experienced many significant changes and developments, especially in infrastructure, development and community welfare.