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The village government has an important role in providing direct services to the community, both administrative, social, and other services related to the daily needs of residents. The quality of public services is one of the main indicators in assessing the success of village government administration (Irawan, 2017). According to Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Berry (1988), service quality can be measured through five dimensions, known as the SERVQUAL theory, namely: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a purposive sampling method. This study uses interactive data analysis according to Miles and Huberman which includes three stages: data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions/verification. The conclusion is that the quality of public services at the Macanputih Village Office is running quite well but not evenly distributed. The services provided by officers show good intentions and openness, but there are still some weaknesses, namely: Lack of adequate facilities and infrastructure, Delays in completing administrative services, Differences in attitudes and abilities between officers in responding to residents, and the absence of a clear service flow.

This study is motivated by conditions affecting the scalp and hair, one of which is hair loss. To prevent this issue, hair care is conducted using hair tonic as it is more effective in nourishing hair. The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of hair loss treatment through the use of hair tonic made from Green Spinach Leaves, applied once a week and twice a week over a one-month period. This research employs a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population consists of students from the Beauty and Aesthetics Department, class of 2020. Sampling is conducted using Purposive Sampling technique. Data collection methods include observation, documentation, and assessment sheets. Data analysis techniques utilized are Normality Test, Homogeneity Test, and Hypothesis Test. The results of the Normality Test indicate that the data is normally distributed, with significance scores of 0.120 for the control group (X₀), 0.200 for Experimental Group 1 (X₁), and 0.200 for Experimental Group 2 (X₂). The Homogeneity Test yields a significance value of 0.327, which is greater than 0.05, indicating that the data is homogeneous. Based on the ANOVA test, the significance score is 0.001, which is less than 0.05, leading to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha). This indicates significant differences among the three groups, which is further analyzed using Duncan's test. The results conclude that the control group (X₀) with an average of 96.42 significantly differs from Experimental Group 1 (X₁) with an average of 68.33, while X₁ does not significantly differ from Experimental Group 2 (X₂) with an average of 62.33. Thus, it is concluded that there is a significant difference between X₀ and X₁, while X₁ and X₂ do not differ significantly.

This study aims to address the low interest in learning among students in the Social Studies subject at SMPN 1 Ngunut, caused by monotonous conventional teaching methods. The field trip method is implemented to provide direct learning experiences, linking theory to real practice. The research problem includes the influence of the field trip method on the interest in learning Social Studies among eighth-grade students. Using an associative quantitative approach, the research population consists of 386 students, with a sample of 40 students selected randomly. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and documentation, and analyzed using simple linear regression. The results indicate a positive and significant influence of the field trip method on students' interest in learning Social Studies, with a strong effect of 64.2%. The t-value (7.935) exceeds the critical t-value (2.02439) with a significance level of 0.00, thus the alternative hypothesis is accepted. The correlation coefficient (R) of 0.790 indicates a strong relationship, meaning that the application of this method increases students' interest in studying Social Studies.

This study was motivated by the decline in the cleanliness quality of the school environment due to students’ low awareness and concern for environmental preservation. The Adiwiyata Program is expected to cultivate a culture of environmental care in schools, although its implementation has not been optimal. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Adiwiyata Program implementation on the environmental awareness and concern of seventh-grade students at UPT SMPN 1 Sanankulon, as well as the relationship between awareness and concern. The research used a quantitative approach with a causal-comparative method. A total of 26 students were selected as the sample using the Slovin formula. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires, and data analysis involved simple linear regression and correlation coefficient tests. The results showed that the implementation of the Adiwiyata Program had a significant influence on environmental awareness (67.1%) and environmental concern (82.4%). Furthermore, there was a strong and positive relationship between environmental awareness and concern, indicated by a Pearson correlation value of 0.762. These findings imply the importance of optimizing the Adiwiyata Program to enhance students' environmental awareness and concern within the school environment.

The natural tourism and cultural arts greatly affects the interest of tourists to enjoy natural attractions and learn about the local art and culture of the Besemah tribe. Its tourist destinations offer a green concept to its natural tourism and provide a unique experience to its local arts and culture. This article aims to dig deeper into the influence of natural tourism and local cultural arts and can find out what aspects affect tourist interest. Through this analysis, it is hoped that it can be understood how natural tourism and cultural arts of the Besemah tribe can influence tourist interest and review related to tourist development. In addition, this article also explains how the impact of natural and cultural tourism affects the economy of local communities. This article was written through a descriptive qualitative method in the form of non-participant observation. The results of the research contained in the article are the great influence of natural tourism and local cultural arts of the Besemah tribe on the interest of the tourists because of the beauty, philosophy behind art and culture, as well as Besemah's typical handicrafts that can be used as souvenirs from Besemah and have an economic impact on the local community. Therefore, there is a need for a form of awareness for local and foreign communities to maintain and preserve nature and cultural arts and continue to improve development so that natural tourism and cultural arts can be known abroad and benefit the local community.

The concepts of learning and instruction are central to the educational process and continue to evolve in response to changes in society and technology. In the modern context, the shift from teacher-centered to student-centered paradigms demands a more comprehensive understanding of both concepts. This study aims to analyze the essence of learning and instruction from various theoretical perspectives and evaluate their relevance to current educational practices. The research employs a library research method, examining relevant scholarly literature including books, journals, and academic documents. The findings indicate that a proper understanding of learning and instruction significantly influences the teaching strategies applied by educators and contributes to the development of independent and adaptive learners. This study is expected to serve as a foundation for designing more contextual and responsive instructional approaches in today’s educational landscape.    

This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the consequences of social marginalization on the mental health conditions of populations in Middle Eastern conflict zones, utilizing data from 2015 to 2024. Through a critical examination of 47 studies that met the inclusion criteria, a markedly high prevalence of mental disorders within this population was identified, namely post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at 42.8% (95% CI = 38.4–47.2), major depression at 37.6% (95% CI = 33.2–42.0), and generalized anxiety disorder at 35.3% (95% CI = 31.1–39.5). Furthermore, the results of the meta-analysis revealed a very strong and statistically significant correlation between social marginalization and the severity of mental health disorders (r = 0.73, p < 0.001), indicating that the more intensely an individual experiences various forms of social marginalization, the more severe the psychological disorders they endure. Moreover, the three most dominant determinants of social marginalization were identified as limited access to healthcare services (OR = 3.82, 95% CI = 3.14–4.50), the persistence of systemic discrimination (OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 2.87–4.03), and widespread social isolation (OR = 3.21, 95% CI = 2.66–3.76). These findings not only expand upon the prior research outcomes of Al-Krenawi and Graham (2009) and Amsalem et al. (2025), which were confined to the aspect of PTSD but also provide new empirical evidence concerning a broader spectrum of mental disorders as well as specific patterns of social marginalization within the conflict landscape of the Middle East. Finally, this study contributes significantly to the academic literature by elaborating on the complex interactive mechanisms between practices of social marginalization and mental health deterioration while offering a framework for community-based interventions that are responsive and adaptive to the socio-political conditions characteristic of Middle Eastern conflict zones.

Mothers in Bingkat Village have daily activities as housewives and participate with their husbands as farmers and raise livestock, as well as social activities of village organizations and religion, not to the point of increasing family economy. Making warming cream from natural ingredients, such as nutmeg, lemongrass, and torch ginger or other plants around the house is very easy, simple tools, low cost, and has economic value. The target of the activity is to provide assistance in making body warming cream and relieving aches and pains. Based on this, it is deemed necessary to provide assistance in making body warming cream and aches and pains. Assistance is not only in making, but also in good product packaging and counseling on marketing direction of products made by the people of Bingkat Village. This natural cream product has a selling value, so it is hoped that it can increase family income and welfare.

Training on hatching machine manufacturing in Watumotobe Village, Kapontori Subdistrict, Buton District, aims to increase the capacity of local farmers in optimizing poultry egg hatching independently and efficiently. The majority of people in this area still use traditional methods that are less efficient in the hatching process, limiting poultry productivity. This training provides technical skills to farmers to build and operate simple hatching machines with optimal temperature and humidity settings. The application of this technology is expected to increase egg hatching rates, save time, and reduce dependence on the mother hen in the hatching process. In addition to improving technical skills, this training aims to empower the community economically and encourage self-reliance in poultry farming based on appropriate technology. The results of the training showed that participants gained a better understanding of the ideal hatching process and were able to modify the hatching machine according to local needs. This training can encourage the development of a more productive, sustainable poultry farming business and improve community welfare in Buton District.

Fakfak Regency is one of the areas in the West Papua region consisting of a cluster of islands and Andamata Village is one of the clusters of islands with a location far from the city center of Fakfak Regency. With such geographical conditions, it is a challenge for the local government, especially PLN, to be able to distribute electrical energy properly. However, PLN as the main supplier of national energy has made developments by implementing solar power plants for areas far from the city center of Fakfak. However, to maintain the sustainability of this power plant, experts are needed who can carry out maintenance and care on the solar power plant system. Therefore, this community service activity is carried out to train local communities and youth leaders to be able to carry out maintenance and early response if there is a problem with the PLTS system. The method used in this activity is to provide material on PLTS system maintenance, carry out system maintenance practices and evaluations. Based on the results of the evaluation, the community's understanding and skills in maintaining the PLTS system are classified as very good. This can be seen from the level of understanding of participants, the average very understanding reached 28%, the understanding category with an average of 60%, the fairly understanding category with an average of 10% and the average category of not understanding reached 2%.

Rural potential is an important asset in running the village government system. If managed properly, it will bring economic value to the village community. The fried onion production and packaging training in Basseang Village aims to increase the added value of local commodities and improve community skills in production and marketing. This program is carried out with a participatory approach involving the community, village government, and Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). The results of the training showed an increase in the technical skills of participants in processing shallots into high-quality fried onions as well as an understanding of the importance of packaging and marketing strategies. In addition, this training encourages social change by increasing public awareness of local resource-based business opportunities. The main challenges faced include limited capital and production continuity. Therefore, further support from various stakeholders is needed so that this program can be sustainable and have a long-term impact on the village economy.

The digital transformation has redefined how Christian leaders fulfill their roles, shifting leadership from being solely grounded in physical presence to requiring adaptability in digital environments. This study explores the key factors that influence the multiplication of effective Christian leadership in the digital era, focusing on maintaining a balance between technological engagement and spiritual integrity. Using a qualitative approach based on literature review, the study identifies several crucial elements contributing to leadership effectiveness: strong digital communication skills, impactful online presence, structured online discipleship, and hybrid ministry models that integrate both virtual and in-person interactions. These factors help leaders reach wider audiences and foster community despite geographical barriers. However, the digital context also introduces new challenges, such as the risk of superficial spiritual relationships and the temptation to prioritize digital popularity over genuine spiritual growth. The findings highlight the need for Christian leaders to uphold their core values, authenticity, and moral responsibility in the face of technological advancement. By doing so, they can maintain trust, inspire their followers, and expand their ministry influence while navigating the complexities of a rapidly evolving digital landscape. This study concludes that the future of Christian leadership depends on leaders who are both digitally competent and spiritually grounded.

This study aims to analyze the principal's strategy in fostering student discipline at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Hidayah Sungai Bengkal, Tebo Regency. Student discipline is a crucial aspect of character development and academic success. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection techniques include observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that the principal implements various strategies such as enforcing school rules, instilling religious values, applying rewards and sanctions, and enhancing communication with parents. However, challenges exist, including students’ lack of awareness regarding the importance of discipline and limited school supervision. Therefore, this study recommends increasing the involvement of all stakeholders, including teachers and parents, to support student discipline development.

This study addresses the development of Uno card-based learning media to support vocabulary acquisition among eighth-grade students. It focuses on two main issues: the effectiveness of the media in enhancing vocabulary comprehension and the challenges encountered during its development, particularly in relation to learning motivation. The primary goal is to evaluate the extent to which this media aids vocabulary learning and to identify any obstacles in the development process. The research follows the ADDIE model—Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. To ensure the validity of the learning media, expert validation was conducted by media, content, and educational professionals. Additionally, student questionnaires were distributed to assess the media’s effectiveness. The validation results showed that the content expert gave a score of 83%, the media expert 81%, and student responses reached 88%, indicating strong acceptance and usability. The effectiveness of the media was further supported by the pre-test and post-test results, with a Normalized Gain score of 61.01%, categorized as "effective." These findings suggest that Uno card-based media is both a valid and effective tool for vocabulary instruction in Arabic language learning at the junior high school level.

This study aims to explore strategies for preventing pornography and indecency based on Islamic character education among adolescents in the digital era, through the interpretation of Ath-Thabari on Surah An-Nur verses 30–31. These verses provide a strong theological foundation for lowering the gaze (ghaddhul bashar), guarding chastity (hifzhul furuj), and covering the private parts as forms of self-protection from the negative influences of the digital environment. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method, with primary sources including the Qur’an and Tafsir Ath-Thabari, as well as secondary data from various relevant literature and journals. The results show that prevention strategies can be implemented through four main approaches: (1) Islamic character education in schools through strengthening strategies, persuasion, and normative re-education; (2) Education in the family environment using methods such as role modeling, habituation, storytelling, advice, and reward and punishment; (3) The role of society in forming Islamic social groups that actively address the influence of pornography; and (4) Strengthening individual Islamic character through faith, self-control, internet ethics, and repentance behavior. This study affirms that the interpretation of Ath-Thabari can provide applicable contributions in building a strong Islamic character education system as a moral safeguard for adolescents amid the overwhelming flow of digital information.

Qawāʿid fiqhiyyah are a set of legal maxims or principles used in the science of fiqh to understand and interpret Islamic law. The term “qawāʿid” means rules or principles, while “fiqh” refers to a deep understanding of Islamic law. Thus, qawāʿid fiqhiyyah function as general guidelines in deriving legal conclusions from sharia texts. This study specifically examines the application of qawāʿid fiqhiyyah in the context of siyāsah fiqhiyyah, or Islamic political jurisprudence. Siyāsah fiqhiyyah refers to the principles of Islamic law applied in political and governmental affairs. In this context, “siyasah” refers to the management of public and state matters based on Islamic legal values. The main objective of applying these principles is to ensure that governmental policies and actions align with sharia and aim at achieving the welfare (maṣlaḥah) of the people. This research aims to explore how legal maxims play a role in shaping a normative framework for public policy within an Islamic governance context. Using a qualitative approach and literature review, the analysis shows that the integration of qawāʿid fiqhiyyah and siyāsah fiqhiyyah is essential in establishing a just government that adheres to Islamic principles and promotes public welfare. The findings are expected to contribute to the body of knowledge in Islamic legal studies, particularly in offering contextual solutions for the challenges of modern governance.

This research is based on the growing risk of personal data breaches in digital financial services, following the rapid growth of financial technology. The main goal of this study is to examine how personal data of consumers is legally protected under Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection, and to find out the challenges in applying this law in the digital finance sector. This study uses a legal approach by reviewing books and laws, and analyzing them in a simple, qualitative way. The results show that there are mismatches in regulations, low digital literacy, and technical and organizational problems that make it hard to apply the law effectively. This research suggests creating an independent supervisory body, making clear rules to support the law, improving public understanding, and encouraging cooperation between sectors to better protect users' personal data in digital services.

This research aims to find out how the creativity of Gen Z influences the process of reinterpreting Arabic in the context of modern learning, and to what extent the role of AI can support this process. This research uses the literature study method by analysing relevant articles to understand the concept of AI's role in gen z creativity and Arabic language reinterpretation in the learning process. Meanwhile, this research shows that the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Arabic language learning is efficient and helpful in supporting the learning process. Among them can help search for materials, references, questions, journals/articles, and digital books, increase students' learning motivation because it is fun and exciting, support language practice and understanding, help practice speaking, writing, and get grammar explanations instantly, correct errors quickly, translate Arabic texts, help data analysis and understand the context of Arabic texts, support conversation exercises, provide feedback and reference sources and learning aids with features that enrich the Arabic language learning process.

This study aims to analyze the concept of religious moderation based on the perspective of Surah Al-Baqarah verse 126 and Surah Ali-Imran verse 159, as well as its implementation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach with a library research method, the study collects data from tafsir books, scientific journals, academic articles, and previous research. The analysis shows that according to the interpretations of Ibn Kathir, Al-Qurthubi, and Al-Misbah, the values of religious moderation include love for the homeland, justice, gentleness, non-violence, and consultation. The implementation of these values in PAI is carried out theoretically through the integration of moderation values into the curriculum and practically through educators’ role modeling, habituation of values in the learning process, and supporting programs such as field studies and cultural festivals. Evaluation of this implementation is conducted through monitoring and instruments such as questionnaires and daily habit trackers. This study emphasizes the importance of religious education that not only focuses on cognitive aspects but also builds a moderate character within students. Thus, religious moderation can be sustainably instilled to shape an Indonesian society that is just, harmonious, and tolerant.

The dual citizenship policy in Indonesia is a complex issue within national law and has various implications, including from the perspective of Islamic law. Islamic law does not explicitly regulate the concept of citizenship in the modern sense but has principles that can be used to analyze this policy, such as al-wala’ (loyalty), mu’ahadah (agreements), and maqasid al-shariah (the objectives of Islamic law). This study employs a normative juridical method with a conceptual and comparative legal approach to understand how Islamic law can contribute to assessing Indonesia's dual citizenship policy. The findings indicate that although Islamic law does not explicitly prohibit dual citizenship, certain principles must be considered, such as loyalty to the state and justice in legal relations. Therefore, the implementation of the dual citizenship policy in Indonesia should take into account aspects of Islamic law to align with the national legal identity based on Pancasila and the values of justice.