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Gender identity is part of human existence in society. In Indonesia, the diversity of gender identities other than male and female, such as waria (male and female), often causes social and cultural debates. Waria are a group that are biologically born as men but express themselves as women, both in appearance and behavior. The acceptance of waria in society is not uniform. On the one hand, some people show a tolerant attitude, especially in urban areas that are more open to diversity. On the other hand, negative stigmas against waria are still widely found, which are affected by their limited access to education, work, health services, and public spaces in general. This study uses a qualitative research type. The subjects of this study are waria in Jember City. In this study, researchers use qualitative methods in collecting data by conducting direct observations to obtain data by writing, recording and explaining what is happening to get the right information. In this study, the phenomenological method was also used by searching for data through face-to-face interviews with informants and meeting the agreed informants.

Guided inquiry is recognized as an effective instructional model for Vocational High Schools (SMK), as it actively engages students in systematic exploration and investigation with teacher guidance. This study aims to address the problem of low student engagement and learning outcomes by implementing the guided inquiry model in classroom instruction. The research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design, conducted over two cycles, each comprising the stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection.The participants consisted of 36 students from Class X of the Agribusiness for Food Crops and Horticulture (ATPH) program at SMK Negeri 1 Purwosari during the 2024/2025 academic year. Data collection instruments included student engagement observation sheets, evaluation tests, and documentation, with data analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods. The findings revealed that the guided inquiry model significantly improved both student engagement and learning outcomes in the topic of vegetative propagation. Student engagement increased from 32.81% in the pre-cycle to 70.49% in the first cycle and 84.72% in the second cycle. Similarly, the percentage of students achieving mastery in learning outcomes rose from 38.89% in the pre-cycle to 83.33% in the first cycle and reached 100% in the second cycle.

This study aims to apply integral calculus methods to calculate the volume and arc length of an ice cream cone design shaped like a flower petal. The cone design is modeled using a quadratic function derived from three reference points on the petal curve. Using the solid of revolution method around the y-axis, the calculated petal volume is 150.8 cm³, and the arc length is 7.14 cm. The results demonstrate that calculus-based modeling supports efficient material usage while enhancing aesthetic and functional aspects of packaging. This research highlights the connection between mathematical concepts and practical product design in the food industry

This study aims to explain the moral values taught to the Church of Christ by the Apostolic Fathers. Through a literature review, it was found that the main principles of the teachings and way of life of the Apostolic Fathers were centered on Christ. They held firmly to apostolic dogma and accepted the authority of the Bible as the foundation of church teaching. The moral values they passed down became a model that shaped the foundation of the universal church throughout history. Figures such as Polycarp, Ignatius, Hermas, Clement, and Papias were devout church leaders who received direct guidance and the laying on of hands from the apostles of Jesus. Their steadfastness of faith often led to martyrdom, which is seen as a true confession of faith in the likeness of Christ. The spiritual heritage of the Apostolic Fathers remains relevant and can be interpreted within various cultural contexts, including the practice of church life in Indonesia. Through their exemplary lives and teachings, the Apostolic Fathers emphasized the importance of Christ-centered faith and obedience to the Scriptures. Thus, the moral values they taught continue to serve as guidelines for the church throughout all generations.

Final year students often experience difficulties in adapting to career and life demands, as well as maintaining their well-being. This study aims to examine the influence of social support and self-efficacy on life satisfaction and career adaptability among final-year students. Quantitative data were collected from 155 students in their final year of study and analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results showed that social support did not affect the career adaptability of final-year students. Conversely, self-efficacy had a positive effect on career adaptability. Social support was found to have a positive impact on students' life satisfaction. Students who received social support from family, friends, and educational institutions tended to have higher levels of life satisfaction. Self-efficacy also positively affected life satisfaction, indicating that high self-confidence enhances individual well-being. However, life satisfaction did not significantly influence career adaptability, suggesting that other factors such as work experience and environmental support play a more significant role. This study has several limitations, including a limited sample size and potential respondent bias. Future research should involve larger and more diverse samples and employ a variety of data collection methods. Educational institutions are encouraged to develop programs that enhance self-efficacy and social support to help students reach their full potential in their careers and personal lives.

This study aims to examine the application of mala in se and mala per se concepts in the counter-terrorism policy in Indonesia, based on Law Number 15 of 2003 in conjunction with Law Number 5 of 2018. Terrorism is categorized as an extraordinary crime that causes serious harm both nationally and internationally. This research employs a literature review and normative legal approach to analyze the application of criminal law norms within the context of human rights protection. The findings show that terrorism, as a mala in se offense, requires a comprehensive legal approach that prioritizes not only national security but also the protection of civil rights. The enforcement of anti-terrorism laws, if applied too broadly and harshly, may violate the principles of due process and substantive justice. Therefore, counter-terrorism efforts must be based on the pro justitia principle, supported by independent oversight and active civil society participation to prevent abuse of power and maintain the integrity of the legal system.

Communication has an important role in building awareness of Islamic law among Muslim citizens. Through effective communication, Islamic legal norms and rules can be understood, internalized and applied in everyday life. This article discusses the role of communication in increasing awareness of Islamic law by analyzing various communication approaches, such as da'wah, education, and social media. By using literature review methods from various scientific sources, it was found that modern communication media, such as social media, are increasingly playing a role in conveying the message of Islamic law to the younger generation. In addition, persuasive and educational da'wah has proven to be an effective means of increasing understanding and compliance with sharia law. However, challenges such as disinformation on social media remain obstacles that need to be overcome with digital literacy based on Islamic values.

This research was made to examine the determinants of financial performance of banking companies in Indonesia. There are four independent variables (board of diversity, net interest margin, operational efficiency, and liquidity risk) and a moderating variable (firm size) have been analyzed in this research. Testing the interaction effect of firm size in explaining the influence of these four independent variables on banking financial performance is still very limited. This quantitative research was analyzed by using secondary data from audited annual reports of the company. The purposive sampling technique was used to choose the research’s samples during the observation periods (2018-2022) and obtained 200 observations (40 samples over 5 years of research). Panel data regression with the EViews program was used to test the eight hypotheses which was developed in this research. The results of the Chow test and Hausman test confirm the use of the Random Effect Model in the analysis. The findings from testing the interaction model show that firm size does not moderate the influence of board of diversity and net interest margin on financial performance, while for operational efficiency and liquidity risk variables, the firm size shows a pure moderating role for the both.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP), Poverty Rate (TK), and Unemployment Rate (TPT) on the Human Development Index (HDI) in five provinces of Indonesia categorized as having moderate HDI from 2014 to 2023. The research employs a panel data regression method using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach to capture variations across regions and time.The findings reveal that the UMP has a positive and significant impact on HDI, indicating that higher minimum wages contribute to improvements in human development. In contrast, the TPT negatively and significantly affects HDI, suggesting that higher unemployment rates hinder human development progress. Meanwhile, the TK variable shows no significant effect on HDI, implying that changes in poverty rates during the study period did not directly influence human development levels in these provinces.Furthermore, the results of the regression analysis show that UMP, TK, and TPT simultaneously have a significant impact on HDI, with an overall contribution of 98.65%. The remaining 1.35% is attributed to other factors not included in the research model.These results highlight the importance of policies aimed at increasing minimum wages and reducing unemployment to enhance community welfare and accelerate human development in provinces with moderate HDI. Policymakers are encouraged to design comprehensive strategies that prioritize employment creation and wage improvements as key levers for boosting human development outcomes across regions.

Ibn Khaldun's thoughts in Muqaddimah on economic cycles and taxation remain relevant in the context of modern economics. He explains that the growth and decline of a nation's economy follow a cyclical pattern, where imbalanced fiscal policies can accelerate the downfall of a civilization. Ibn Khaldun emphasizes the importance of fair and proportional taxation to avoid hindering societal productivity and investment. His views on the impact of taxation on the economy align with the Laffer Curve concept, which states that excessively high taxes can actually reduce state revenue. This study employs a literature review method to analyze Ibn Khaldun’s thoughts and their relevance to modern economic systems and fiscal policies. The findings indicate that his ideas can serve as a foundation for formulating sustainable Islamic economic policies. By applying the principles of balance between taxation, production, and societal welfare, a nation can maintain long-term economic stability. Therefore, Ibn Khaldun's thoughts remain relevant as a reference for contemporary economic policies, particularly in addressing economic disparities and preventing financial crises.

Garbage become problem complex in life urban areas , especially in Medan as Mother city North Sumatra Province . Research This analyze impact management Trash in Place Disposal End (TPA) Terjun , Medan Marelan District , regarding environment surrounding area . Method study use approach qualitative with technique observation , interviews , and studies documentation . Research results show that TPA Terjun has​ area 14 hectares Not yet managed optimally , with the dominant open dumping system . The impacts that arise covering groundwater pollution , pollution​ air , disturbance aesthetics , as well as improvement vector disease . Findings This reinforced by BPS data (2018) which shows density Medan 's population reached 8,342 people /km², correlated with high volume of waste . Research This recommend implementation system management rubbish integrated based on principle health environment and economy circular For reduce impact negative .

This study aims to analyze the influence of ethnic relations on the political orientation of the community in Simpang Selayang Village, Medan City. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques applied include data reduction, data presentation, and data verification according to Miles and Huberman. This study focuses on two main problem formulations, namely the influence of ethnic relations on political issues and the influence of ethnic relations on political orientation. The results of the study indicate that ethnic identity plays an important role in determining individual political preferences. Ethnic identity serves as a frame of reference that guides political behavior, including in general elections and other political participation. Solidarity between ethnic groups often strengthens political support for candidates who have the same ethnic affiliation, creating a voting pattern that is strongly influenced by ethnic factors. The research findings also reveal that political issues that are relevant to the local community are influenced by the social and cultural context of each tribe. political programs that emphasize local economic development and preservation of tribal culture tend to get greater support. This suggests that understanding the socio-cultural context of ethnic groups is key to formulating effective and inclusive political policies. This study provides new insights into the dynamics of politics in a multi-ethnic society and emphasizes the importance of inclusive policies that take into account ethnic diversity to promote social harmony and political stability in Simpang Selayang Village.

The rise of trade in protected wildlife threatens the preservation of biodiversity in Indonesia, especially in the Aceh and North Sumatra regions. This is because punishment does not provide a deterrent effect to the perpetrators and the involvement of officials in its implementation, so that law enforcement against the trade in protected wildlife has not been felt effective in the eyes of the public. In this thesis, the author wants to know the extent of the effectiveness of law enforcement carried out by Forestry Civil Servant Investigators (PPNS) against protected wildlife trade through issues related to law enforcement, obstacles in law enforcement and efforts that have been made to overcome these obstacles. This research was conducted in Section I of the Sumatra Regional Environmental and Forestry Law Enforcement Center. The research method used is a case study with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through interviews with PPNS Forestry and related parties, as well as analysis of documents related to protected wildlife trafficking cases. The results of the study show that the effectiveness of law enforcement by PPNS Forestry has been quite effective, although it is still faced with several obstacles in its implementation. Law enforcement against the trade in protected wildlife starts from preemptive, preventive, repressive and judicial actions. Light punishment, the use of undercover buy techniques, proof of evidence, involvement of officials, facilities and infrastructure, human resources and public awareness are still factors that hinder law enforcement. Therefore, efforts have been made to overcome these obstacles by revising the law, strengthening intelligence networks, adding and increasing human resources, coordinating with related agencies and socializing to the community. The author recommends that socialization be carried out to law enforcement officials regarding the equality of perception in the implementation of Law Number 32 of 2024 and establish close cooperation with the TNI and Polri intelligence networks and make strict rules against officers involved in the trade of protected wildlife.

The activity of murojaah or repeating the memorization of the Qur'an is an important part in the process of strengthening memory of the verses of the Qur'an that have been memorized. However, children often face challenges in maintaining the consistency of murojaah due to lack of motivation and lack of interesting learning methods. This design aims to explore the potential of board games as a supporting media for murojaah juz amma which is educational and fun. By having an attractive visual design, it is expected to be able to increase learning motivation, strengthen memory, and strengthen social interaction between players.  

Pets and livestock play an important role in everyday life, both economically and socially. However, both require optimal care and health to ensure their well-being and prevent potential health risks to humans. Annajah Vet Care, Pet & Poultry Shop comes as a veterinary clinic that provides comprehensive health services, such as vaccinations, hospitalization, grooming, and provision of feed for livestock and pets. Despite operating for two years, the clinic does not yet have a strong and consistent visual identity, as evidenced by the use of two similar logos that do not reflect the brand image. Promotion is also still limited to physical media and conventional methods such as word of mouth, with no utilization of social media. Surveys show that the majority of people recognize Annajah Vet Care as an animal health service provider, but brand awareness of its role as a pet shop is still low. To overcome this challenge, concept design was conducted as a strategic effort to strengthen brand identity through the application of a consistent and representative visual identity. In addition, the use of social media was optimized to reach a wider audience and support effective promotional efforts. Rebranding is expected to increase brand awareness, improve public perception of the services offered. With the right branding approach, Annajah Vet Care is expected to be able to compete in the market.

The digital era has transformed marketing strategies, particularly for tech startups targeting Generation Z (Gen Z). This study investigates the influence of guerrilla and viral marketing on Gen Z consumer perceptions and behaviors in the context of tech startups, focusing on a risk-based entrepreneurial marketing approach. A quantitative survey with 212 Gen Z respondents was conducted to analyze the effects of these marketing strategies on consumer engagement, brand perception, and purchasing behavior. The results show that guerrilla and viral marketing significantly enhance consumer engagement and brand perception, but they do not directly influence Gen Z behavior or purchasing decisions. The findings highlight the importance of emotional engagement and brand authenticity in shaping consumer perceptions. This research fills a gap in understanding how resource-constrained tech startups can leverage risk-based marketing strategies to engage Gen Z, providing practical insights for designing effective campaigns. Future studies should explore additional factors like brand trust and values to bridge the gap between engagement and behavior

The development of digital technology has encouraged companies to utilize digital marketing to increase competitiveness and sales. This research analyzes digital marketing strategies through the social media platforms Instagram and TikTok at PT. Akasa Kreasi Bersama. Both platforms have the advantage of reaching a wider audience and increasing interaction with consumers through visual content and short videos. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews, observation and document study. The research results show that Instagram is effective in building a brand image through its Stories, Reels and IGTV features, while TikTok excels in spreading content virally thanks to its interaction-based algorithm. The use of paid advertising and collaboration with influencers also contributes to increasing sales conversions. However, the main challenges in implementing this strategy are dynamic changes in social media algorithms and the need to create content that is innovative and relevant to trends. Therefore, companies need to carry out regular evaluations and strategy adjustments to remain competitive in digital marketing.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) presents new challenges and opportunities in the practice of financial auditing, especially regarding the efficiency and accuracy of audit results, which are still the main problems. This study aims to examine the impact of financial audit transformation through the application of AI using a mixed methods approach. Quantitative data were collected from 100-150 internal and external auditors in medium to large companies in East Java Province who have been using AI for at least one year, and analysed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS. Qualitative data was obtained through in-depth interviews to explore perceptions and challenges of AI implementation. The results showed that AI significantly improved the efficiency of the audit process and the accuracy of risk and fraud detection, despite barriers such as change resistance and limited auditor competence. This research makes important contributions to the development of modern audit theory and offers strategic recommendations for practitioners and regulators to optimise AI integration in financial auditing. Practical implications include the need for auditor training and strengthening technology infrastructure to support sustainable digital transformation. 

Open-pit mining system mining is greatly influenced by surface runoff, rainwater and groundwater. This surface water runoff is highly dependent on rainfall catchment areas, climate, and land use. Handling surface water runoff entering the mining area by creating water channels in the form of open channels and closed channels. One of the mining methods that is generally carried out in Indonesia is the open-pit mining method, which is widely found in East Kalimantan. Large basins will be created as a result of this mining technique, which could eventually serve as a reservoir for water from both surface runoff and groundwater. Therefore, an analysis of the runoff water output in the sump is required, sump capacity and appropriate pumping ratio so that mining activities can continue. The results of the study obtained the runoff discharge value in the sump was 4,071.37 m3/day, the sump capacity was 207,474.07 m3, the water balance in the sump with a total runoff discharge of 5,871.37 m3/day, and the existing volume of water in the sump was 24,771 m3. evaporation of 4.36 m3/day, infiltration of 91.36 m3/day, and pump discharge of 8,229.27 m3/day. A pumping ratio of 0.71 was obtained.

This study aimed to improve the learning outcomes of second-grade students at SD Negeri Latsari Tuban in Indonesian language lessons, specifically focusing on the theme "My Unique Family." The classroom activities were designed to encourage active student participation through group discussions on related topics. The research was conducted over two cycles, applying a scientific approach to the learning process.The findings showed a 20% improvement in student learning outcomes, with the average score increasing to 8.68. Mastery levels also improved significantly, from 69% in the first cycle to 89% in the second cycle. These results demonstrate that the scientific approach effectively enhanced student understanding and engagement during the lessons.Overall, the study concludes that the scientific approach is a beneficial method for improving learning outcomes in Indonesian language subjects. It also suggests the broader applicability of this method for enhancing student achievement across other themes and subject areas.