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In the modern construction industry, accuracy and efficiency in volume calculations are crucial aspects of project success. This study compares two methods for calculating the volume of pile caps and reinforcement: the manual method and the Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based method. The manual method has long been used but has limitations in terms of time efficiency and a higher risk of errors. In contrast, the BIM method offers more accurate and efficient calculations through software-based digital modeling. This study employs a descriptive-comparative quantitative approach by analyzing volume calculation data using both methods. The results indicate that the BIM method has a higher level of accuracy, with a concrete volume of 1,822.87 m³ and reinforcement of 148,862.80 kg, compared to the manual method, which produced a concrete volume of 1,842.17 m³ and reinforcement of 150,279.05 kg. The comparison of pile cap volume calculations shows that the BIM method achieves 98.95% effectiveness in concrete volume calculations and 99.06% effectiveness in reinforcement calculations compared to the manual method. Additionally, the BIM method has proven to be more efficient in reducing calculation time and minimizing input errors. Thus, BIM is more recommended for large-scale projects that require high accuracy and efficiency in construction volume calculations. However, the manual method remains relevant as a validation tool and for small projects with technological limitations. This study highlights the importance of adopting digital technology in the construction industry to enhance productivity and project planning effectiveness.    

Biogas is an alternative energy source that is environmentally friendly, cheap, easy to obtain and renewable. In general, all types of organic materials can be processed to produce biogas, however only homogeneous organic materials (solid and liquid) such as manure and urine (urine) of livestock are suitable for a simple biogas system. Biogas can be burned like LPG and on a large scale can be used to generate electricity, so that biogas can be used as an alternative energy source that is environmentally friendly and renewable. To determine the performance of biogas as an alternative energy source, in this research the method used is to compare the performance of Biogas with LPG gas as a source of electrical energy. Analysis of trial data per minute (RPM), with varying load levels, shows that the RPM of generators using LPG only decreases slightly as the electrical load increases, which shows that the generator is able to maintain more consistent performance. The RPM produced by LPG, which ranges from 2358 to 2420 RPM, indicates that the engine is running faster and more efficiently, while biogas has a lower RPM, ranging from 1715 to 1820 RPM, which indicates slower operation. LPG efficiency ranges from 89.60% to 98.12%, while biogas efficiency ranges from 74.67% to 89.60%. Even though biogas shows less stable performance than LPG, biogas still has potential as an alternative fuel, especially in areas that have limited access to LPG but have abundant sources of biogas raw materials. The use of biogas can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Even though LPG is more efficient, biogas has significant potential to be developed as a more environmentally friendly alternative energy source because LPG relies on non-renewable fossil fuels and has a negative impact on the environment in the long term.

The aim of this study is to identify the factors that cause learning difficulties among students in biology lessons in class XI at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano during the 2024/2025 academic year. The identified issues include students having difficulty understanding the material taught, lacking focus during lessons, ineffective teaching strategies, and low student motivation. This research uses a descriptive approach with a qualitative design, where data was collected through interviews and documentation. The study was conducted from November 6 to November 28, 2024, with 18 class XI students as the subjects. Interviews were conducted using 100 prepared questions. Data analysis was performed descriptively with percentage calculations. The results indicate that internal and external factors influence the factors causing learning difficulties in biology lessons for class XI students. Internal factors include interest (26.5%), motivation (35.9%), physical health (38.3%), intellectual ability (28.6%), attitude (43.4%), learning attention (32.3%), learning readiness (48.9%), talent (42.5%), physical condition (25.3%), and emotional factors (32.5%), all of which are categorized as low. External factors include family environment (48.9%), school environment (45.6%), interaction with teachers (42.7%), interaction with peers (35.4%), facilities and infrastructure (54.6%), technology and learning media (63.6%), curriculum (65.4%), learning environment at home (52.3%), family economic conditions (56.7%), and school education policies (43.5%), with most of these external factors showing a low to moderate category. This study concludes that class XI students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano experience the most significant learning difficulties related to external factors, such as the curriculum, and internal factors, such as students' learning readiness.

The medical committee is a non-structural body whose members are selected from among the heads of functional medical staff (SMF) or those representing SMF in the hospital. Objective : This study aims to evaluate the role of the nursing medical committee and its influence on the quality of inpatient services at Labuang Baji Hospital Makassar. Method : Analytic descriptive method with the design used crosssectional design Result : Logistic regression analysis showed a significant influence between the role of the medical committee and the quality of inpatient services with a value of p=0.002. Further quality of inpatient services with a value of p=0.002. Further logistic regression analysis showed that the role of the medical committee had a very large influence on service quality, with an Exp(B) value of 44,000. This indicates that each increase in the role of the medical committee can increase the likelihood of good service quality by 44 times. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the role of the nursing medical committee is very influential in improving the quality of inpatient services at Labuang Baji Hospital Makassar. This finding is expected to be the basis for developing strategies to improve service quality in the hospital. Suggestion : Ensure that the roles and responsibilities of the medical committee and nurses are clear and mutually supportiveThe medical committee should have a deep understanding of the care process, while nurses need to know how the role of the medical committee can influence and support their practice.

OSCE is an exam with an assessment based on the skills (performance) observed when performing various clinical skills. The OSCE procedure is more emphasized on clinical skills that must be mastered by students to take action on their patients. However, unfortunately OSCE is a high enough stressor in causing anxiety. The OSCE has more stressors than other types of exams. This happens because of the large amount of material that must be mastered and the limited duration of the exam. In addition, the atmosphere during the exam, such as the examiner observing the students directly, causes anxiety. Anxiety that arose during the OSCE exam in medical students turned out to have a significant effect. However, there are not many studies that delve deeply into what causes it. So that the solution related to the problem of anxiety cannot be carried out optimally. The objective of this study was to explore the causes and ways to overcome anxiety in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatra Utara during the OSCE. This research was conducted from January-July 2022. It was quantitative research with cross-sectional data collection. The research sample was students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatra Utara, Class of 2019 (n = 200). Anxiety assessment was determined using the Hamilton Rating Scale For Anxiety (HARS) questionnaire, and researchers develop a questionnaire to evaluate the factors that influence students’ anxiety and coping mechanism. A total of 197 out of 200 respondents (98.5%) had anxiety while attending the OSCE. Anxiety was dominated by a mild level of anxiety, about 86 people (43.0%). External factors affect 118 people (59%) and are the factors that dominate the causes of anxiety for students that took part in OSCE. The biggest etiology of anxiety for students who took part in OSCE is the processing time as many as 42 people (21%), too many materials 41 people (20.5%), not focusing/forgetting as many as 39 people (19.5%). OSCE merupakan ujian dengan penilaian berdasarkan keterampilan (performa) yang diobservasi saat melakukan berbagai keterampilan klinik. Prosedur OSCE lebih ditekankan pada keterampilan klinis yang harus dikuasai oleh mahasiswa untuk melakukan tindakan terhadap pasiennya. Namun, sayangnya OSCE merupakan stressor yang cukup tinggi dalam menimbulkan kecemasan. OSCE memiliki stressor yang lebih dibandingkan dengan jenis ujian lainnya. Hal tersebut terjadi karena banyaknya materi yang harus dikuasai serta sempitnya durasi waktu ujian. Selain itu suasana saat ujian, seperti adanya penguji yang mengamati mahasiswa secara langsung, menyebabkan timbulnya kecemasan. Kecemasan yang muncul saat ujian OSCE pada mahasiswa kedokteran ternyata menimbulkan efek yang signifikan. Namun tidak banyak penelitian yang menggali secara mendalam mengenai apa penyebabnya, sehingga solusi terkait permasalahan kecemasan tersebut tidak dapat dilakukan secara maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab dan cara mengatasi kecemasan pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara pada saat OSCE. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Juli 2022 dan merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengambilan data secara cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara Angkatan 2019 (n = 200). Penilaian kecemasan ditentukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner Hamilton Rating Scale For Anxiety (HARS) dan kuesioner yang disusun utnuk menilai faktor penyebab dan cara mengatasi kecemasan. Sebanyak 197 dari 200 responden (98,5%) memiliki kecemasan saat mengikuti OSCE. Kecemasan didominasi dengan tingkat kecemasan ringan yaitu 86 orang (43,0%). Faktor eksternal mempengaruhi 118 orang (59%) dan merupakan faktor yang mendominasi penyebab kecemasan mahasiswa yang mengikuti OSCE. Penyebab terbanyak kecemasan mahasiswa yang mengikuti OSCE adalah waktu pengerjaan sebanyak 42 orang (21%), materi ujian terlalu banyak 41 orang (20,5%), tidak ocus/lupa sebanyak 39 orang (19,5%).  

Antenatal care is the midwifery care midwives provide to pregnant women before the baby's birth to ensure positive outcomes for both the mother and the baby. This care involves establishing a trusting relationship with the mother, detecting complications that could threaten life, preparing for the baby's birth, and providing health education for the mother. This descriptive study investigated pregnant mothers’ cognition of antenatal care at Midwifery Clinician Siti Nurjannah Ngemplak Demak by overviewing the object. This study's population consists of primigravida pregnant women in their third trimester taken with saturated sampling or total sampling, resulting in a sample of 40 primigravida pregnant women in their third trimester. The instruments used in this study include a questionnaire on pregnant mothers' cognition about antenatal care and the Maternal and Child Health (KIA) book for pregnant mothers. The researchers analyzed the data using univariate methods that include: the characteristics of pregnant women, knowledge of pregnant women about antenatal care, and the frequency of antenatal care visits. The research findings reveal that 20 respondents, or 50%, possess the majority of high school education characteristics. In terms of employment, 26 respondents, or 65%, are employed. Most respondents were aged 20–35 years. In terms of education level, they had an average level of cognition, with a frequency of 18 respondents (45%). When it comes to the frequency of visits by pregnant women, most respondents complied, with 26 respondents (65%) reporting a visit frequency. The research findings suggest that motivating pregnant women about the importance of knowledge and antenatal care visits is a recommended strategy.

Harvesting is a crucial stage in the palm oil production process that impacts the efficiency and productivity of the plantation. Choosing the right harvesting method can increase the effectiveness of time and labor. This study compares harvesting efficiency using manual and mechanized methods by measuring the duration of fruit harvest and transportation time to the collection point (TPH). This study was conducted in November–December 2024 at PT. Kencana Sawit Indonesia, located in Talao Sungai Kunyit, South Solok, West Sumatra. The equipment used included stationery, a stopwatch, and data related to working time and harvest results. Data were collected through direct observation. The analysis was carried out using the t-student statistical test to evaluate the difference in working time between the manual and mechanized methods. The results showed that harvesting with mechanization was more efficient than the manual method. The difference in harvest time reached 12 seconds per bunch with a P value of 0.0002, while the transportation time to the TPH was 23.48 minutes faster per ton with a P value <0.0001. Monthly production with mechanization averaged 48.69 tons, while the manual method only produced 38.13 tons per month. Thus, the use of mechanized harvesting methods has proven to be faster in the harvesting process, fruit transportation, and increasing monthly production results. The implementation of mechanization can be a strategic step to increase operational efficiency and productivity of oil palm plantations.

This study aims to measure the business performance of CV XYZ through the perspectives of finance, customers, internal business processes, growth and learning of the balanced scorecard method at CV XYZ in 2023. The data used is primary data, in the form of data from interviews with CV XYZ managers or those who have authority over CV XYZ business performance data. The results of the study can be concluded that based on research on the financial perspective, the results of the calculation of current ratio, revenue growth, debt to total assets, debt to equity, return on equity, return on assets and net profit margin get “good” criteria. In the customer perspective, the results of the calculation of customer retention get “sufficient” criteria, while the results of the calculation of customer acquisition and customer complaints get “good” criteria. In the internal business process perspective, the results of the calculation of minimize error rate and rework, and agreements with third parties get the “good” criteria. In the growth and learning perspective, the results of the calculation of employee retention get the criteria “sufficient”, employee training gets the criteria “good” and absenteeism gets the criteria “not good”.

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High stress can have different effects on each person. Changes that arise due to work stress can change behavior and affect mental and physical health. In addition, stress in nurses also affects the quality of hospital services. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between work period and workload with work stress of implementing nurses at ASA Depok Hospital in 2024. This study is a quantitative type that is analytical in nature. The research design used is a cross-sectional study. The population in this study were all nurses at RSUD ASA Depok totaling 123 people. The determination of the sample in this study used a purposive sampling technique. The sample in this study was 94 respondents. In this study, the research instrument or tool used to collect data was by using a questionnaire. The researcher used the Chi Square test with a confidence level of 95% or a significance level of 5%. Based on the results of the study, there were more who had a work period of > 5 years, namely 53 respondents or 56.4%, more nurses felt a heavy workload, namely 59 respondents or 62.8% and more nurses felt moderate work stress, namely 36 respondents or 38.3%. The results of the statistical test of the relationship between length of service and work stress with a P value = 0.001 and the relationship between workload and work stress with a P value = 0.000. It is concluded that there is a relationship between work period and workload with work stress of implementing nurses at ASA Depok Hospital in 2024. Suggestions for Nursing Management including the head of the room to add personnel in each room so that it is not too heavy to work and for nurses to be able to apply good coping management in order to prevent work stress.

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) is one of the preventive efforts in maintaining individual health, with washing hands with soap (CTPS) as one of its main aspects. Elementary school children are among the groups that are vulnerable to disease due to lack of awareness of cleanliness, so socialization is needed to increase their understanding of the importance of CTPS. This study aims to socialize PHBS and how to do CTPS to students of SD 7 Nisam, North Aceh, through interactive educational methods. The activities were carried out by presenting material using PowerPoint, interactive discussions, direct practice of the six steps of CTPS according to WHO standards, and evaluation through questionnaires before and after the activity. The results of the activity showed that the method applied succeeded in increasing students' understanding of the importance of washing hands with soap. Students were more enthusiastic in participating in activities when given an interesting approach that was appropriate for their age. In addition, the involvement of teachers and schools in providing supporting facilities contributed to the success of this program. With this socialization, it is hoped that students can apply the habit of washing their hands independently and consistently, both at school and at home, so that it can reduce the incidence of infectious diseases related to hand hygiene.

The development of technology in each country affects its government sector, especially in the field of public services, one of which is e-government. E-government as a practice of social innovation in public administration, can be done easily but sometimes still experiences difficulties or even failures. Trying to help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of licensing services by operating the OSS, JELITA, SIMBG, and MPP systems. In addition, providing licensing services and public service malls and analyzing comprehensive investment data from each period with PMA and PMDN categories to identify growth trends, sectors that have experienced significant increases, and key driving factors such as government policies, economic conditions and investment attractiveness. The methods used in this service are system operation and analysis. This work experience practice provides valuable experience for practitioners in understanding the mechanisms of government administration, regional investment management, and business licensing procedures. In addition to gaining practical experience, this activity also improves analytical skills, communication, and professionalism in the world of work. This agency has the utilization of information systems that support the development of community activities Implementation of OSS, Jelita, SIMBG, services and MPP at DPMPTSP Jember which are useful for providing positive impacts and providing effectiveness in business licensing and community services with this success need to be maintained and through increasing digital literacy, system maintenance, data integration, and ongoing socialization.

The ability to write scientific papers is a competency that students must have in the academic world. The Research Methodology course plays an important role in improving this skill, because it provides an understanding of the basic concepts of research, methods, and systematic data analysis. This study aims to analyze the effect of the Research Methodology course on the scientific writing skills of PGSD Stambuk 2022 students, State University of Medan. The research method used is a quantitative approach with simple linear regression analysis. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to students taking the course. The results of the study showed that the Research Methodology course had a significant influence on students' scientific writing skills with a coefficient of determination (R Square) of 63.8%. This shows that a good understanding of research methodology can help students in compiling scientific papers more systematically and with quality.

This study aims to conduct an analysis of the factors that form the basis for all Indonesian people who have just participated in the general election in Leuwiliang District in 2024. A total of 10,344 people in Leuwiliang District are people who have just held general elections and have used their voting rights for the first time in 2024 from a total of 11,959 people on the Permanent Voters List (DPT). Based on these data, there are still 1,615 people who are voting for the first time in Leuwiliang District who did not come to the Polling Station (TPS) to exercise their right to vote, which is certainly influenced by several factors or certain reasons, such as not knowing the candidates who will be elected in executive and legislative positions and the entire vision and mission of each candidate. The method in this study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques, namely interviews and document studies. The results of this study are that 64% of new voters who came to the polling stations to 'vote' chose based on the social approach model and 35% based on the rational approach model.

Community service activities are one of the compulsory courses to train students to establish the knowledge and skills they have in a learning process according to their respective fields of study. The purpose of the mini PkM is to improve children's literacy and numeracy skills in Namo Suro Baru Village, Sibiru-Biru District, Deli Serdang Regency, by using a more contextual and applicable nature-based learning approach, encouraging children to be more active and creative in the learning process through direct experience in nature, so that they can understand and apply the concept of literacy and numeracy in their daily lives, increase children's concern for their environment, through learning that utilizes nature as a learning medium, and introduces them to the importance of biodiversity and good environmental management. So that the results of this PkM are that children show an increase in reading simple words and sentences. They also began to be able to write basic words better. Children who were initially only able to count numbers in a limited way, are now able to do simple calculations faster and more accurately. Activities carried out outdoors make children more active and enthusiastic in learning. Keywords: Numeracy, Literacy, Natural Environment.

This community service program aims to increase the awareness and skills of the Kresnomulyo Village community in utilizing plastic waste into economically valuable products through the Ecobrick technique. Ecobricking is an environmentally friendly solution that can reduce plastic pollution while opening up economic opportunities for the local community. This activity involves a series of events such as socialization, training, and mentoring on the Ecobrick technique and its application to create a sign for Kresnomulyo Village. The sign will serve as a symbol of the village's commitment to environmental conservation and the productive use of plastic waste.This activity is part of the Community Service Program (KKN) of Muhammadiyah University of Pringsewu, which aims to encourage the application of knowledge and technology to solve social issues in the community. During the program, participants received training on how to make Ecobricks and process plastic waste into useful products. Additionally, mentoring was provided to ensure the community can continue these activities independently.The results of this activity show an increase in the community's awareness of environmental issues, particularly plastic pollution. Furthermore, the skills gained by the community in processing plastic waste have added value, with Ecobricks that are not only useful for village needs but also have the potential to be sold, providing extra income for the community. Thus, this program provides dual benefits: protecting the environment and opening up economic opportunities.

This study aims to determine the effect of Internship and self-efficacy in shaping student career decisions, partially or simultaneously. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a correlational approach. The research was conducted on 150 students at SMK Kota and Pasuruan Regency in the competence of mechanical engineering expertise. Data collection techniques using a closed questionnaire. Data were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression tests. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between Internship and career decision making with a correlation value (

Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model is an approach that focuses on the active involvement of students in the learning process through real projects. This study aims to optimize the implementation of the PjBL model in improving the skills of Vocational High School (SMK) students, both in terms of technical skills (hard skills) and non-technical skills (soft skills). The research method used is a qualitative approach with case studies in several vocational schools. Data were collected through observation, interviews with teachers and students, and analysis of learning documents. The results of the study indicate that optimal implementation of PjBL can improve students' understanding of concepts, problem-solving skills, and collaboration and communication skills. In addition, challenges in implementing PjBL include limited facilities, teacher readiness, and the need for industry support in project development. Therefore, synergy between schools, industry, and government is needed to increase the effectiveness of PjBL in equipping students with skills relevant to the world of work.  

The digital era has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including in the fields of education and career development. Vocational High School students are faced with challenges to prepare themselves for an increasingly competitive and technology-based world of work. This study aims to identify effective career development strategies for vocational students in the digital era. Through literature analysis and case studies, this research found that the utilization of information technology, soft skills development, and collaboration with industry are key to improving students' work readiness. The results of this study are expected to provide insights for educators, students, and stakeholders in formulating career development programs that are relevant and adaptive to the needs of the labor market.    

Empowering an effective work culture is the key to improving team performance to achieve the vision and mission of the Student Activity Unit (UKM), especially UKM Sakuntala. In improving the performance of the Sakuntala UKM team, they often face several challenges in terms of communication, motivation, training, performance monitoring and giving awards. To overcome these challenges, training was carried out using counseling and question and answer methods, presenting material on the concept of effective work culture in improving team performance. The research results show that an effective work culture, such as effective communication, teamwork, and motivation, has a significant impact on the performance of the Sakuntala UKM team. Material includes Empowering an Effective Work Culture, Collaboration and Teamwork, and the Role of Leaders. The results of this outreach show that all members of UKM Sakuntala have a fairly good understanding of effective work culture and understand enough about improving teamwork. This counseling also emphasizes the importance of harmonious relationships between leaders and subordinates, as well as a conducive work environment. It is hoped that this counseling can help Sakuntala UKM members develop a more effective work culture, improve communication skills, strengthen the performance of the Sakuntala UKM team, and provide insight into facing the challenges that exist in the organization. This provides a strong foundation for empowering a more effective work culture in the future for Sakuntala.