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Neurocognitive disorders, particularly dementia, affect various cognitive functions such as memory, attention, language, learning, and problem-solving, with the elderly population being the most impacted. The prevalence of dementia is projected to rise to 131 million cases by 2050, posing significant social and economic implications. This study employed a cross-sectional method to evaluate the role of Apolipoprotein A (APOA) and Apolipoprotein B (APOB) in the diagnosis and prevention of dementia in older adults. The results showed that Apolipoprotein A was not significantly correlated with MMSE scores, indicating no clear relationship between APOA and cognitive function. In contrast, Apolipoprotein B demonstrated a significant negative correlation with MMSE, suggesting that increased APOB levels are associated with cognitive decline. Elevated ApoB, linked to increased LDL and oxidative stress, correlated with reduced cognitive function, whereas ApoA, the main component of HDL, is associated with neuroprotective effects. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring lipid profiles, including ApoA and ApoB, in the prevention and management of dementia in the elderly.    

Subcutaneous fat deposition is a key factor influencing overall health, playing a significant role in metabolic regulation, energy balance, and the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular conditions. Understanding and accurately predicting subcutaneous fat accumulation is critical for early intervention and effective management of these health risks. This study aims to analyze the correlation between hemoglobin levels, uric acid, and anthropometric parameters as predictors of subcutaneous fat deposition in elderly individuals. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 32 elderly participants at St. Asisi Church. Anthropometric measurements, including body weight, height, muscle composition, and circumferences, were assessed using OMRON Body Composition Monitor HBF-375, elastic tape and GEA Medical HT721. Biochemical tests for hemoglobin and uric acid levels were performed using Fora 6 Plus. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between these variables and subcutaneous fat deposition. Body weight, upper arm circumference, abdominal circumference, and calf circumference showed strong positive correlations with subcutaneous fat (r>0.9, p<0.001). Skeletal muscle percentage exhibited a negative correlation with fat accumulation. Hemoglobin and uric acid levels had weaker correlations, suggesting more complex metabolic interactions. Anthropometric parameters serve as strong predictors of subcutaneous fat deposition in elderly individuals, while hemoglobin and uric acid levels show limited predictive capability.

Based on WHO data, cases of dyspepsia in the world reach 13-40% of the total population each year. Dyspepsia is one type of non-communicable disease that occurs not only in Indonesia, but also in the world. Irregular eating patterns, consumption of certain types of food such as sour, spicy and irritating foods are some of the factors that cause dyspepsia. To determine the relationship between dietary patterns and dyspepsia in female adolescents at the Hidayatullah Tanjung Morawa Islamic Boarding School in 2023. This study uses an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach, data collection using questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis using univariate tests and bivariate tests using the chi-square test. The majority of respondents were aged <16 years (70.3%). The incidence of dyspepsia was 70.3% or 45 respondents, of which 25 people (39.1%) had poor diet. Of the 29.7% of respondents who did not experience dyspepsia, 13 people (20.3%) had good diet. The majority of respondents often consumed spicy foods (67.1%) but rarely consumed sour foods (56.2%) and irritative foods (65.6%). The bivariate results between the relationship between diet and dyspepsia, spicy foods and dyspepsia, sour foods and dyspepsia, and irritative foods and dyspepsia were p-values ​​of 0.037, 0.041, 0.013, 0.526, respectively. There is a relationship between dietary patterns, types of sour and spicy foods with the incidence of dyspepsia, but there is no statistically significant relationship between the types of irritating foods and the incidence of dyspepsia in female adolescents at the Hidayatullah Tanjung Morawa Islamic Boarding School.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute infectious disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. DHF remains a significant public health concern in Indonesia, including in Aceh Province, which reports a high incidence rate annually. North Aceh ranks seventh in the number of DHF cases among all districts/cities in the province. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected mosquito or when mosquitoes acquire the virus after biting a viremic individual. This study aims to assess environmental and host factors among DHF patients admitted to Cut Meutia General Hospital. A descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was conducted, involving 38 patients aged 1–17 years hospitalized from January 2019 to December 2021. The findings revealed that 78.9% of patients lived in homes without window screens, and 89.5% had water storage containers in their household environment. Regarding host factors, the majority of patients were aged 11–17 years (65.8%) and male (81.6%), with moderate levels of knowledge (55.3%) and preventive behavior (65.8%) toward DHF. These findings highlight the relevance of environmental and individual determinants in the occurrence of DHF and may inform future disease prevention and control strategies in endemic areas.

The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2023 estimates that currently the global prevalence of hypertension is 43% of the total world population. Meanwhile, the hypertension report at the Pelawan Health Center in 2021 was 301 cases, in 2022 there were 324 cases, in 2023 there were 397 cases. The purpose of the study was to analyze the factors that influence medication compliance in elderly people with hypertension in the Pelawan Sarolangun Health Center Working Area. The research design used Analytical Survey method with Cross Sectional approach. The population in this study were all elderly hypertensive patients in the Pelawan Sarolangun Health Center Working Area, namely 73 patients who were all made into research samples with total population techniques. Data analysis using univariate analysis, bivariate with chi-square test. The results showed that there was an effect of motivation p = 0.006, family support p = 0.004 and health worker support p = 0.031. The conclusion of this study is that there is an influence of motivation, family support, health worker support. The dominant factor, namely family support, influences compliance with taking medication in elderly people with hypertension in the Pelawan Sarolangun Health Center Working Area. It is suggested that the Pelawan Sarolangun Community Health Center is expected to be taken into consideration and input for the health center to be active in field counseling activities and use social media as a promotional medium to increase the acceleration of healing of hypertension in the elderly, so as to improve health status in the elderly.

World Healt Organization (WHO) data estimates that 175 million children under the age of 1-5 years in the world are affected by malnutrition if efforts to reduce the prevalence of stunting continue continuously, projected to be 157 million by 2025. The purpose of the study was to determine the Determinants of the Incidence of Stunting in Toddlers in the Banda Sakti Health Center Working Area, Lhokseumawe City. The research design uses quantitative with a Cross Sectional approach. The population in this study were all mothers who had toddlers at the Banda Sakti Health Center, Lhokseumawe City, which was 1,672 toddlers, with a sample size of 99 mothers who had toddlers. Data analysis using univariate analysis, bivariate. The results showed that there was an influence of feeding, personal hygiene, parenting, on the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the Banda Sakti Health Center Working Area of Lhokseumawe City. It is recommended that the Banda Sakti Health Center be able to create interesting education for mothers who have toddlers so that they want to bring their children to the Puskesmas or Posyandu so that their children's growth and development are monitored, as well as how to process diverse and nutritious foods so that children get good nutritional intake as an early effort to reduce the incidence of stunting and improve family health.

Chronic kidney failure is a pathophysiological condition that can arise due to various etiologies. Hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney failure who experience problems and clinical difficulties can affect anxiety levels, one of the non-pharmacological treatments that can be given to patients is Intradialytic exercise because the movements are simple, do not interfere with the hemodialysis procedure, and are useful in reducing anxiety levels. This study aims to determine the effect of intradialytic exercise on anxiety levels in patients with chronic kidney failure in the hemodialysis room of Tanjungpinang City Hospital. This study uses a quantitative research method with a quasi-experimental design without control design, the design form used is pre and post test. The sample in this study of patients treated at Tanjungpinang City Hospital amounted to 30 people with random sampling techniques. The anxiety level measurement instrument uses the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire. The statistical analysis used was a normality test with a sig value. > 0.005, t paired sample t test and independent t test. There was a significant influence between the average anxiety level score at the pre-test and post-test in the intervention group (intradialytic exercise) (mean pre-test = 24.60 to mean post-test = 18.33) with a p-value of 0.000. Conclusion this study found the effect of intradialytic exercise on anxiety levels in patients with chronic kidney failure in the hemodialysis room of Tanjungpinang City Hospital. Suggestion for Tanjungpinang City Hospital, intradialytic exercise therapy can be considered as a non-pharmacological management in patients with chronic kidney failure in the Hemodialysis room to reduce anxiety levels

The prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in the Riau Islands is a concerning public health issue, with 18.7% of non-pregnant women reported to be affected. In Batam City specifically, 95 cases of undernutrition were recorded in 2024. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between food intake and the nutritional status of women of reproductive age experiencing CED. A descriptive correlational research design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The study used total sampling, involving 31 women from the Batu Aji KUA in Batam. Data on food intake were collected and compared to recommended dietary standards. The findings indicated that a majority of women had food intake levels below the recommended daily allowance. Despite this, not all of the participants were found to be suffering from CED. Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test revealed a significant association between food intake and nutritional status (p = 0.025, where α = 0.05), suggesting that food intake plays an influential role in determining nutritional outcomes. Furthermore, women whose food intake was lower than the recommended levels were found to have a 0.611 times greater risk of experiencing chronic energy deficiency. These findings emphasize the crucial role of adequate energy and nutrient intake, especially among women of reproductive age, in preventing CED and improving overall health. Improving food consumption patterns in this demographic is essential not only for individual well-being but also as a preventive measure to reduce the risk of stunting in future generations. The study underscores the need for targeted educational interventions to increase awareness about proper nutrition and energy intake among women, particularly those in reproductive age, as a strategy to address undernutrition and its broader public health consequences.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest infectious diseases that has existed throughout the history of human civilization and remains a major public health problem in the world today. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which can result in TB Pleuritis, which is inflammation of the pleura, both the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura, manifested by accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity. A 20-year-old man came with complaints of coughing for the past 1 month, white phlegm, shortness of breath felt worse for the past 2 days, fever not too high for the past 1 week accompanied by cold sweats at night. The patient feels that it is difficult to gain weight and tends to lose weight this month. Chest X-ray show left massive pleural effusion. Acid fast baccili sputum was negative. USG Thorax show pleural fluids approximately 1600 cc.  Tuberculosis (TB) can cause TB pleutiritis with symptoms of shortness of breath and sometimes chest pain on the side of the pleural cavity where there is fluid.3 Treatment of TB Pleuritis is the same as the treatment of pulmonary TB in general with the 2RHZE/4RH combination. Optimal fluid evacuation is carried out according to the patient's condition.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that attacks the skin and can occur at any age with various clinical variations. The diagnosis is generally made clinically, but in atypical cases a biopsy is required for confirmation. The combination of clinical and histopathological examination provides more accurate diagnosis results. This study aims to assess the suitability of clinical diagnosis and histopathological examination results in psoriasis vulgaris in Semarang Regency. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted by the department of dermatology, venereology and aesthetics at Diponegoro University. A total of 10 samples were clinically diagnosed as psoriasis vulgaris or other morphological types of psoriasis vulgaris at a Dermatology Polyclinic in Semarang Regency, over a period of 2 years. The clinical manifestations of 10 cases with a clinical diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris assessed from the typical predilection and the presence of scaly plaques tended to be consistent with the histopathological diagnosis but were not statistically significant. Concordance between clinical diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis was observed in 8 (80%) cases and discordance in 2 (20%) cases. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is a high level of agreement (80%) between clinical diagnosis and histopathological features in cases of psoriasis vulgaris.

Vergence movement is an important mechanism in eye coordination to maintain visual focus. The neural pathways controlling vergence involve complex interactions between various brain structures, such as the mesencephalic nucleus of the oculomotor nerve (CN III), the abducens nucleus (CN VI), the reticular pontine formation (PRF), and the visual and motor cortices. Disorders in this system can lead to convergence insufficiency, esotropia, exotropia, as well as diplopia which impacts the quality of binocular vision. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of the neural pathways that play a role in the vergence system. This research design is a study that uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. 5 articles were obtained using a method of secondary analysis of literature review through scientific database portals such as SINTA, Scopus and Google Scholar published in 2015-2025 both national and international articles. The results of the analysis show that vergence disorders are common in children and the elderly, with various causes ranging from benign factors to more serious neurological conditions. Studies show that activities in the parietal eye field (PEF), frontal eye field (FEF), superior colliculus (SC), and PRF have important roles in vergence coordination. In addition, vergence deficits were also found in Parkinson's patients, who showed prolonged latency and reduced vergence gain. In the context of technology, research on virtual reality (VR) shows that vergence errors often occur when users interact with virtual environments, leading to visual fatigue and incorrect depth perception. This study also highlights that neurotransmitters such as GABA, glutamate, and dopamine have a role in the modulation of neural signals that control vergence. A deeper understanding of the neural pathways of vergence is crucial in ophthalmology and neurology, especially in the diagnosis and therapy of binocular vision disorders. In addition, research on vergence also contributes to the development of visual technologies, such as VR and eye tracking systems, that are more adaptive to human physiological characteristics.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Healthy School program at TK Negeri Pembina 2 Merangin based on school sanitation standards. The evaluation focused on three main aspects: the availability and quality of facilities, the habituation of clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS), and school sanitation management. This research used a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Informants included school principals, teachers, UKS officers, the Education Office, the Health Office, and parents. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The results showed that while most sanitation facilities were available, they did not fully meet the standards. PHBS habituation was initiated but not evenly distributed. Managerial support from the school, especially budget allocation for facility maintenance and health education, needs improvement. This evaluation provides valuable input for schools and local governments to improve school sanitation policies.

Hemodialysis (HD) is the main therapy for end-stage chronic kidney failure (CKF) patients. Various factors, including age and gender, influence HD patients' quality of life (QoL). Studies on the relationship between these two factors and the QoL of HD patients in the RI-RDTL border area are still limited. This study aims to analyze the relationship between age and gender and HD patients' quality of life at Mgr. Gabriel Manek Hospital, SVD Atambua. This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 50 HD patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. QoL was measured using the WHOQoL instrument, and data were analyzed using the chi-square statistical test. The results showed no significant relationship between age and the quality of life of HD patients (p = 0.245). In addition, gender also had no significant relationship with the quality of life of HD patients (p = 0.643). Age and gender were not significantly related to the quality of life of HD patients. Other more influential factors need to be studied further to improve the quality of life of HD patients.

Natural gas is an essential industrial fluid, and its distribution requires a pipeline system that is safe and leak-free. Leakage in natural gas pipelines remains a major concern, as it reduces public confidence in using gas for household purposes. Therefore, testing is conducted before the pipeline network is operated. One commonly used method to detect leaks is the Pneumatic Test, which evaluates the strength and integrity of pipes and their joints according to standards for polyethylene natural gas pipelines. This test uses compressed air supplied by a compressor, with pressure and temperature measured at the inlet pipe using a pressure gauge. The study found no pressure changes or leakage throughout the test. The calculated holding time required for the pneumatic procedure was 1 hour, 26 minutes, and 8 seconds. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) results showed that: (a) at 50% of test pressure (approximately 10 bar), the pipe held for 15 minutes with no pressure drop; (b) at 75% (around 15 bar), pressure remained stable for 15 minutes; and (c) at 100% (20 bar), pressure was maintained for 75 minutes without loss. Welding was performed using Nikko Steel electrodes (2 mm × 300 mm, 50–80 A), supported by proper safety gear and tools, and a Riland welding machine with a 400-A capacity.

Cargo safety on container ships is a crucial aspect of maritime operations, especially during voyages across open waters such as the Indian Ocean, which is characterized by extreme weather conditions and high waves. A common problem encountered is cargo damage or shifting due to non-compliance with proper stowage and securing procedures. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing cargo safety during container ship voyages in the Indian Ocean. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method using a case study approach. Data collection was conducted through historical document analysis related to cargo damage incidents and direct observation of the loading, stowage, and securing processes on board. The findings indicate that severe weather conditions, suboptimal cargo stowage techniques, and low compliance with safety procedures are the main factors contributing to cargo instability. Based on these findings, the study recommends enhanced training for crew members, the use of real-time cargo monitoring technologies, and stricter enforcement of regulations concerning container securing and stowage. These measures are expected to minimize the risk of incidents and improve overall cargo safety during maritime transport.

This study discusses the architectural transformation of Pasar Johar Semarang before and after the major fire incident in 2015. Designed by architect Thomas Karsten, Pasar Johar holds significant historical and architectural values. The fire prompted a comprehensive revitalization of the market’s environment, site, and building while maintaining its original character. This research employs an architectural anatomy approach covering three main scopes: environment, site, and building, and uses a qualitative descriptive-analytical method through four stages: (1) documenting conditions before and after the fire, (2) classifying architectural elements, (3) comparing visual and structural transformations, and (4) drawing conclusions based on the analysis to evaluate the extent of the transformation. The results show that the revitalization made the area more organized, functional, and sustainable. Distinctive structures such as mushroom columns and drainage systems were preserved, while zoning and public spaces were reorganized to improve efficiency and comfort. This restoration not only improved physical aspects but also strengthened the market’s social function as a community interaction space. Pasar Johar now serves as an example of a traditional market that can adapt to modern urban challenges without losing its architectural identity and its potential as a sustainable economic and social hub.

This study discusses the arrangement of queue lanes in the supervision of weighing freight transportation at UPPKB Singosari to improve service efficiency. Based on the analysis of the Minimum Service Standards (SPM), three main indicators, namely compliance, conformity, and implementation, have reached 100%, while the accuracy indicator has only reached 50% due to the duration of weighing exceeding the set time limit. The main factor causing long queues is the lack of clear lane markings, making it difficult for vehicles to be directed without an officer. In addition, the parking area of 3,330.6 m² has not been utilized optimally. Improvement efforts include the implementation of queue lane markings to reduce dependence on officers, optimization of facilities such as Pos 2 which is parallel to Pos 1, and improvement of human resource management to suit operational needs. The use of Weight in Motion (WIM) technology is also recommended to reduce workload and accelerate the supervision of freight transport vehicles. By implementing this strategy, it is hoped that services at UPPKB Singosari can be more efficient, transparent, and in accordance with applicable standards.

This study aims to design and develop a prototype of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based land watering monitoring system using the ESP8266 module and soil moisture sensor. This system is designed to help farmers manage watering automatically based on soil moisture conditions, so that they can save water and labor. The process at this time begins with a literature study, hardware and software design, to prototype testing on two soil conditions, namely dry and wet. Data from the sensor is sent in real-time to the IoT platform, if the soil is detected dry, the system automatically activates the water pump. The results of the test show that the sensor works accurately in distinguishing soil conditions, and the system is able to water automatically according to needs. Furthermore, this system can also be monitored and controlled remotely via the internet. The conclusion of this study shows that the use of IoT technology is very potential to increase efficiency and effectiveness in agricultural land management.

One of the key processes in the production of APAR cylinders is the welding of cylindrical plates, which is carried out using a Longitudinal Welding Cylinder machine and the CO₂ welding method. However, in practice, operators face several challenges, mainly due to the number of process steps that do not significantly contribute to the quantity or quality of the output, resulting in reduced productivity. This study aims to improve the productivity of the welding process through a series of improvements. The methods used include data analysis and root cause identification through the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) approach and Lean Six Sigma using the DMAIC stages (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control). Based on the Define stage, the initial OEE value was 67.49%, which is still far below the world-class standard of 85%. In the Measure stage, Pareto analysis revealed that the largest downtime (2,097 minutes or 40%) was caused by cycle time issues. Further analysis showed that activities such as material setup, additional plate placement, and additional plate cutting (totaling 85 seconds) could still be optimized. During the Improve stage, modifications were made, such as eliminating the additional plate cutting process and adding a stopper to ensure accurate welding alignment. These improvements successfully reduced the cycle time from 180 seconds to 120 seconds, thereby decreasing downtime and increasing the OEE value to 76.12%.

Ports are critical infrastructure in maritime transportation, facilitating the movement of goods and people while serving as hubs for economic activities. The Tanjung Pakis Class III Harbormaster and Port Authority Office (KSOP) utilizes the Electronic Reporting Information (SIRANI) application for reporting loading and unloading data. However, challenges such as discrepancies, technical disruptions, and delays in data processing often arise. This study aims to describe the loading and unloading data processing and the efficiency of reporting time on the SIRANI application at KSOP Class III Tanjung Pakis. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and documentation, the research finds that data processing is less effective due to low data validity and errors in the Inaportnet platform. Reporting to SIRANI is also inefficient due to delays in data handling and technical issues with the application. Corrective measures, such as early data verification and manual data handling by reporting officers, have improved effectiveness by reducing the process from five to three steps and cutting reporting time from 6 hours to 3 hours and 30 minutes. The study concludes that optimizing data processing and inter-unit coordination can enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of reporting. Recommendations for future research include real-time integration and the development of backup mechanisms to address technical disruptions.