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The problem in this study is the importance of understanding the nature of the object of education from the perspective of Islamic education. In general, the object of education is often understood as just a human who needs learning. But in Islamic education, the object of education is not just individual humans, but more than that. Humans as objects of education have very broad dimensions. Islamic education has indicated this in its main source, namely the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad. To answer this research problem, the approach used is library research. The results of this study are the object of education in Islam refers to several words. First, the word ahl means family, wife, relatives, or people who live in the same place. the word ahl can also refer to various groups that are formed and formed in the reality of human life. Second, the word 'asyirah has varied meanings. The emphasis on the meaning of the most dominant is the family in a larger scope when compared to the family in terms of ahl. So that the term 'asyirah is not only limited to a relationship because of kinship, but also a relationship because of similarities both geographically or in terms of place of residence, ethnicity, tribe, or because of the intense interactive communication between existing community groups. Third, the term al-qurbu refers more to a family bound bybrotherhood, perhaps the brotherhood is the result of a lineage or brotherhood which is only limited to common perception. Thus, in Islamic education, education does not only focus on how to teach humans as individuals, but humans in various communities also receive serious attention in order to realize the goals of Islamic education, namely the actualization of faith and piety to Allah SWT in human’s soul.    

The whole series of prayer movements are arranged in a tauqifi manner taught and practiced by the Prophet SAW. There is no information found in the Prophetic traditions that explain the differences in prayer movements between men and women. In the practice that developed in the community, there was an understanding that there were differences in ruku' and prostration movements for women. Where it is understood that for women to close their hands to their limbs, the distinction appears as a transformation of understanding of the hadith which then becomes a religious practice in the community which is conveyed and taught until it is accepted by the community as a form of teaching. This will then be studied in the form of its transformation from the hadith text into practice in the community. This discussion will be examined with a literature study approach that refers to works in the field of hadith to trace the understanding that emerged in each period.  The hadith literature shows that there is a narration in the Musnad of Abu Hanifah that appeared at the beginning of the second century, which hints at a different way of praying for women by closing their limbs. This narration was not popular in the mu'tamad hadith books that appeared until the end of the third century A.H. Based on this. In the fourth century, another understanding emerged based on a narration that explains bowing and prostration in a way that is specific to women. The narration was found in Sunan Kubra al-Bayhaqy, where al-Bayhaqy was a follower of the Shafi'iyyah school of thought.  This understanding developed in the books of fiqh shafi'iyyah which were widely used in pesantren and became the understanding and practice of the majority of people who followed the Shafi'i school of thought.

This study aims to: (1) identify and explain the picture of the obedience of prayer worship among Polri members in the environment of Battalion A Pelopor Sat Brimob Polda Papua; and (2) identify and explain the implementation of spiritual and mental guidance in improving the obedience of prayer worship among Polri members in the environment of Battalion A Pelopor Sat Brimob Polda Papua. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The data sources in this study consist of primary data obtained from the leaders and members of Battalion A Pelopor Sat Brimob Polda Papua, as well as secondary data obtained from documents, books, and journals relevant to the study. The results of the study indicate that: (1) the obedience of prayer worship among Polri members in the environment of Battalion A Pelopor Sat Brimob Polda Papua has been implemented well, which is shown through the participation of members in worship activities at the Al-Muhajirin Brimob Kotaraja Mosque. This obedience is influenced by several supporting factors, including member discipline, support from the work environment and leaders, solidarity between members, and the availability of adequate worship facilities; (2) Spiritual and mental guidance (Binrohtal) is an official program implemented based on the Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia National Police Number 10 of 2018. This activity is held every Thursday after the morning roll call at the Al-Muhajirin Brimob Kotaraja Mosque and is attended by Muslim members. The activity includes reading Ummul Qur'an, Surah Yasin, reciting the Prophet's prayers, and delivering sermons by ustadz. Overall, spiritual and mental guidance activities play an important role in increasing obedience to worship, especially prayer, strengthening spiritual religious relationships, and helping Brimob members face challenges and pressures in carrying out their duties.

Grants are a form of financial assistance provided by individuals, organizations, or governments to recipients without repayment obligations. Grants play a significant role in social and economic development, including improving community welfare, strengthening economic capacity, and supporting infrastructure development. This study aims to analyze how grants contribute to community empowerment and economic growth while identifying challenges in their management. Using a qualitative approach based on a literature review, this study finds that well-managed grants can enhance the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), accelerate regional development, and support social sectors such as education and health. However, issues such as lack of transparency, weak supervision, and potential dependency among grant recipients remain significant challenges. Strengthening regulations, implementing monitoring systems, and ensuring impact-based grant distribution are recommended to improve grant effectiveness and maximize benefits for recipients.

This study aims to explore the dynamics of leadership regeneration in an ecclesiastical context with an emphasis on three main aspects: the urgency of leadership renewal, the escalation of conflict within the synod, and the contribution of cross-generational participation in the leadership structure. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, which focuses on in-depth understanding of existing phenomena. Regeneration of ecclesiastical leadership is becoming an increasingly urgent issue in the midst of rapid social change, transformation of service orientation, and the declining level of involvement of the younger generation in church organizational structures. In the absence of a structured and sustainable regeneration system, the dominance of certain age groups in leadership may hinder the renewal of the church's vision and the transfer of relevant ministry values. Therefore, leadership regeneration should be viewed as a transformative and contextual structural reform, which aims to respond to the challenges of the times and prepare a more inclusive and adaptive future leadership. Conflicts in church synods are often triggered by the tension between the application of normative church ordinances and the complexity of interpersonal relationships shaped by the history and internal dynamics of the church. Rigid application of ecclesiastical regulations without considering the social context can trigger deliberative dysfunction and polarization, which hinders inclusive decision-making. In this case, managerial skills in managing conflict through dialogic, empathic, and reconciliatory approaches are needed to maintain the cohesion and legitimacy of the synod, so that decisions can reflect the needs and aspirations of the people. Cross-generational participation in church leadership is key to ensuring continuity and synergy in ministry. Collaboration between senior and younger generations can strengthen collective capacity, transform power relations, and create inclusive and sustainable leadership models.

Christian parents frequently negotiate intensive caregiving expectations, moral responsibility, economic pressure, and ecclesial ideals of faithful family life. These demands may produce emotional exhaustion that resembles parental burnout but is often interpreted only as spiritual weakness or lack of discipline. This constructive study aims to formulate a restorative-integrative model of pastoral counseling for Christian parents who experience emotional exhaustion in childrearing. The method is a qualitative literature study using integrative narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed studies on parental burnout, religious coping, family support, and Christian pastoral counseling. The analysis identifies four central findings: emotional exhaustion is the core symptom that drives distancing and reduced parental efficacy; burnout emerges from an imbalance between risks and resources; spiritual narratives can function either as resources or as sources of guilt; and pastoral counseling is most constructive when it combines empathic presence, theological reframing, emotion regulation, communal support, and referral ethics. The study implies that churches need pastoral systems that normalize help-seeking, protect parents from moralistic judgment, and connect spiritual care with psychologically informed intervention.

This article addresses the pastoral problem of congregants who experience persistent feelings of worthlessness, a condition that often appears at the intersection of shame, fragile self-worth, social isolation, and distorted religious interpretation. The objective is to construct a Christian pastoral counseling framework that is biblically grounded, psychologically informed, and ecclesially accountable. This study uses a qualitative constructive literature design through critical synthesis of recent journal articles and classical pastoral counseling. The analysis identifies four main findings. First, worthlessness should not be reduced to moral weakness or lack of faith because it involves psychological, relational, and spiritual dynamics. Second, churches may either intensify shame through stigma and spiritual reductionism or become restorative communities through hospitality, lament, and safe accompaniment. Third, pastoral counseling requires a movement from empathic assessment, validation, and narrative clarification toward theological reframing of identity in Christ. Fourth, responsible pastoral care includes collaboration with mental health professionals when risk, trauma, or clinical symptoms exceed pastoral competence. The implication is a constructive model in which pastoral counseling helps congregants reinterpret self-worth through grace, embodied community, and disciplined referral rather than through advice-giving or doctrinal correction alone.

This article constructs a Christian pastoral counseling framework for congregants who experience trauma caused by social rejection. Social rejection within family, peer, workplace, or church communities may wound identity, belonging, agency, and spiritual meaning; however, pastoral responses often remain either overly moralistic or merely consolatory. The objective of this study is to formulate a trauma-informed and theologically accountable model of pastoral counseling that can be used by local church ministers without replacing professional mental health care. This study uses a qualitative constructive literature review by synthesizing recent studies on trauma-informed care, social exclusion, religious coping, chaplaincy, and pastoral theology published before 2024. The analysis identifies five core findings: trauma from social rejection is primarily relational; pastoral care must begin with safety, consent, and validation; theological interpretation should resist victim-blaming; congregational belonging is part of recovery; and referral ethics are necessary when symptoms exceed pastoral competence. The proposed model integrates safe presence, narrative listening, theological reconstruction, communal restoration, and clinical referral. The implication is that churches need a pastoral counseling culture that protects wounded congregants from retraumatization while sustaining spiritual hope, relational repair, and responsible interdisciplinary collaboration.

Multifaith education has become an essential tool for promoting mutual understanding and coexistence in today’s increasingly pluralistic societies. This article examines the impact of multifaith education programs on fostering tolerance and empathy among students of diverse religious backgrounds. It explores case studies from different countries and provides practical strategies for educators to incorporate multifaith principles into their teaching practices. The findings underscore the transformative potential of religious education in bridging cultural and spiritual divides.

With the rise of digital media, religious education faces new challenges and opportunities. This article investigates the integration of digital tools in teaching religious studies, focusing on their potential to make learning more engaging and accessible. The study analyzes both the benefits, such as interactivity and inclusivity, and the risks, including misinformation and digital distractions. Practical recommendations are provided for educators to effectively leverage digital platforms while maintaining the integrity of religious teachings.  

Interreligious dialogue is a vital component of religious education, especially in regions marked by cultural and religious diversity. This paper examines the role of interfaith initiatives in secondary education, highlighting their impact on reducing prejudice and fostering peace. Case studies from schools in diverse contexts illustrate how dialoguebased curricula can create a more inclusive and harmonious learning environment. The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers and educators.

This article explores the role of religious education in shaping students' moral development through a comparative analysis of different educational systems. By examining the curricula and pedagogical approaches in various cultural and religious contexts, the study identifies commonalities and differences in how moral values are taught. The findings highlight the importance of integrating universal ethical principles alongside religious teachings to nurture well-rounded individuals. 

Philosophy plays a vital role in nurturing religious education by encouraging critical thinking and ethical inquiry. This study explores the dialogical relationship between philosophy and religion in an educational context, emphasizing how philosophical frameworks can help students engage with complex theological questions. The paper also highlights the benefits of integrating philosophical discussions into religious curricula to enhance moral reasoning and intercultural dialogue.

Akhlak degradation or moral degradation is at the foundation of a variety of problems and social issues in society during one's life. Moral degradation develops as a result of entering digital spaces, as shown by the presence of Instagram as a digital social media. As a result, discovering a solution to this problem becomes a priority. This study aims to provide a solution to the phenomenon of moral degradation in Instagram by exploring the concept of morality based on Sufism values, by determining the formulation of the problem including a description of moral degradation in Instagram, Sufism and morality in Islam, and the concept of akhlakul karimah based on sufism values. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, as well as literature study as a data collection technique. The findings of this study explain the phenomena of moral degradation on Instagram, which generates a whole slew of issues. Furthermore, this research explains Sufism and morality in Islam, as well as their integration in the concept of morality based on Sufism values through various exercises and efforts as a resolution to moral degradation on the social media platform Instagram.

Advances in digital technology in the current Industry 4.0 era have changed and influenced several aspects of human life. Suppose the Indonesian people do not want the identity and character of their community and their cultural riches to be lost at the hands of globalization. In that case, the community must have a robust defence mechanism. One way to build a defense system is through education. Technology and education are two things that cannot be separated. Pesantren is the oldest Islamic education and broadcasting institution in Indonesia. This research aims to examine and formulate the implications of the shift in orientation and value systems of Islamic boarding schools at the modern Islamic boarding school Nurussalam Sidogede (South Sumatra), the modern Islamic boarding school Darul A'mal (Metro Lampung), the Al-Hikmah Islamic boarding school (Bandar Lampung) and the modern Islamic boarding school Al -Muhajirin (Cikarang Bekasi) with an AGIL approach. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The primary data used in this research is sourced from the author's interviews with the Islamic boarding school. The results show that there are several similarity and differences between the transformative Islamic boarding school and non-transformative Islamic boarding school groups in terms of variables or indicators, namely Adaptation (A), Integration (I), Goal (G), and Latent Patten (L).

collaborative learning -based aqidah akhlak learning system in improving students' social skills. In the era of globalization, social skills are one of the important aspects in the formation of students. Collaborative learning not only focuses on academic achievement but also on the development of communication skills, cooperation, and empathy. The method used in this study is library research from various sources related to the research topic. Data collection is carried out through studies, research, analysis of scientific articles, books, journals or magazines and electronic sources related to collaborative learning-based aqidah akhlak learning . The data is then analyzed descriptively. Results from review library research shows that collaborative learning is an approach that emphasizes cooperation between students in groups to achieve common learning goals. Collaborative learning strategies in Islamic religious education are approaches that prioritize interaction and cooperation between students to achieve a deeper and more holistic understanding of the teaching material. Well-designed learning will make it easy to overcome behavior in students. The application of collaborative learning not only improves students' understanding of the concept of aqidah and akhlak, but also strengthens their social skills. The importance of social interaction, student involvement actively in the learning process, discussing, and working together in solving case studies of the concept of aqidah and akhlak. By implementing the method, it can be an effective strategy in improving student cooperation and students are better able to understand the material of aqidah and akhlak in depth and apply Islamic values in everyday life and can be applied more widely in Educational context religion Islam.

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease due to increased sensitivity of the airways to various stimuli. Bronchial asthma is not only a public health problem in developed countries, but also occurs in developing countries (WHO, 2016). Anxiety is a vague feeling of worry due to discomfort or fear accompanied by an autonomic response (the source is often unspecific or unknown to the individual), a feeling of worry caused by the anticipation of danger. Anxiety is a sign of increased alertness to impending danger and allows individuals to take action to face the threat (Doenges, 2015). The prevalence of anxiety disorders ranges from 6-7% of the general population (females are more prevalent than males) (Stuart, 2006). Lecturers and students from the Nursing and Nursing Study Program at Imelda University, Medan, chose to hold health education activities with the aim of helping as well as training both individuals and families regarding deep breathing exercises. This makes them aware and more diligent in practicing their breathing. The health education carried out in the courtyard of the sub-district office in Tanjung Mulia downstream began with holding talk activities and continued with outdoor counseling activities. This health education activity is of great interest to families in the community and it is hoped that it can be used as a lesson and make individuals and families more aware of the importance of deep breathing exercises to reduce anxiety in people with asthma.

The era of globalization brings changes by causing religion, which was originally a public issue, to turn into a privacy issue. The development of religion which has become a private matter makes teenagers as identity seekers tend to implement it. The purpose of this activity is to preserve Walisongo so that it is not eliminated from the historical facts of the spread of Islam. The method applied in this service is Participatory Action Research (PAR). The results of this service activity have a positive impact on teenagers because know more about the nine saints of God who spread Islam in the archipelago and increase their understanding of the character of the saints and their struggles. The impact of getting to know the teenagers in Bebekan Tengah Village, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency increased their admiration for the walisongo struggle which resulted in an increase in pilgrimages to the walisongo graves.

This research is community service research that aims to describe how mosque youth get together through Banjari training at the Al-Kautsar Dukuh Tengah Mosque. This service research uses Participatory Action Research (PAR) with observation and documentation data collection techniques. The author analyzes the data using data collection techniques, data presentation, data condensation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that mosque youth regularly and enthusiastically take part in Banjari training, so the relationship between mosque youth is always close because they often meet and greet each other and they have the same vision for Banjari. Banjari training is a means of improving skills to strengthen ties between mosque youth, which in turn can strengthen the community and spirit of togetherness in the Al-Kautsar Dukuh Tengah mosque environment.

Penyuluhan teknologi pengendalian hayati hama dan penyakit tanaman di Desa Kasang Kota Karang, Kecamatan Kumpeh Ulu, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan petani tentang metode pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan. Kegiatan ini difokuskan pada pengenalan agen hayati sebagai alternatif pengganti pestisida kimia, untuk mengurangi dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan. Melalui penyuluhan ini, diharapkan para petani dapat mengimplementasikan teknik pengendalian hayati secara efektif, sehingga produktivitas pertanian meningkat dan keberlanjutan pertanian di wilayah tersebut terjaga. Hasilnya, penyuluhan ini berhasil meningkatkan kesadaran dan keterampilan petani dalam pengendalian hama secara hayati.