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The plastic waste problem in Indonesia, which is the second largest contributor in the world, prompts the need for innovative and sustainable solutions. One proposed solution is the utilization of plastic waste into ecobricks, which are eco-friendly bricks made from compacted plastic waste. The training program in Jawisari Village involved socialization and practice of ecobricking, aiming to raise community awareness about plastic waste management and provide practical skills. The activity successfully engaged the community, produced ecobricks, and is expected to create a cleaner and healthier environment.

This study aims to optimize students' historical thinking skills through the School Environment Introduction Program at SMAN 1 Baros. This program is designed to improve students' understanding of history by developing critical, analytical, and interpretive skills in understanding historical events. The research methods used are literature studies and case studies. The results of the study indicate that students' historical thinking skills at SMAN 1 Baros are still low, which is caused by lecture-based learning and limited learning resources. This program focuses on developing an understanding of the concepts of time, space, and society, as well as the application of interactive and project-based learning to improve students' critical thinking skills. This optimization is expected to create a generation that thinks independently, creatively, and wisely in facing global and local challenges.    

The implementation of school-based management, the madrasah head is a driving actor, determines the direction of madrasah policy, which will determine how the objectives of madrasah and education in general are realized. This study aims to: (1) To find out the planning process of madrasah principals in the implementation of MBS at Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Modung Bangkalan, (2) To find out the role of madrasah principals as educators in school-based management at Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Modung Bangkalan, (3) To find out the role of madrasah principals as supervisors in school-based management at Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Modung Bangkalan. This type of research includes field research, using qualitative methods using a descriptive approach. While collecting data through interviews, observation and documentation. The research findings show that: (1) The Planning Process for the Implementation of Madrasah Based Management of Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Modung Bangkalan runs quite well and is carried out by involving the committee (student guardians, community leaders and donors) and all other madrasah components. (2) The head of Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Modung Bangkalan in implementing MBS as an educator must have the ability to guide teachers, non-teaching staff, students, develop educational staff, science and technology and provide teaching examples. (3) The head of Madrasah Aliyah Al Azhar Modung Bangkalan in implementing MBS as a supervisor must provide guidance, assistance, supervision, assessment on the technical implementation and development of education, teaching, program improvement, teaching activities. And must have the ability to compile, implement clinical, non-clinical, extra-curricular supervision programs.

In the process of forming a law or legislation, the DPD does not have the power to decide or play a role in the decision-making process at all. Even though there are support requirements to become a member of the DPR. This means that the quality of the legitimacy of DPD members is not at all balanced by the quality of their authority as representatives of the regional people. The aim of this research is to analyze the function and authority of the Regional Representative Council in the Structural Institution of the Republic of Indonesia State Legislative Institution and how to optimize the function and legislative authority of the Regional Representative Council. The type of research we use is normative legal research, namely research carried out by examining the body of literature or secondary data. Strengthening the authority of the DPD by consistently incorporating the Constitutional Court's decisions into statutory regulations and other regulations under it. This is being done pending the issuance of the fifth amendment to the 1945 Constitution. The current revision of the MD3 Law has not yet adopted the authority of the DPD in accordance with the Constitutional Court's decision. The need for the fifth amendment is to reorganize the function of legislation firmly and clearly in the 1945 Constitution, because by reorganizing the function of legislation it will touch all institutions, including the DPR, DPD, President and other institutions.

The corruption case in Indonesia, specifically the BTS project scandal by the Ministry of Communication and Informatics, reflects serious challenges in public financial management. According to information from Transparency International, Indonesia still ranks as a country with a high level of corruption. The BTS project, aimed at improving internet access in remote areas, has been revealed to suffer from budget misuse and corrupt practices by high ranking officials. To address this issue, forensic audits and digital evidence have become crucial tools in uncovering crimes. However, challenges such as a lack of trained human resources, limited technological infrastructure, and inter-agency coordination hinder the effectiveness of law enforcement. Integrated efforts to enhance the capacity of law enforcement and technological infrastructure are needed to effectively combat corruption and create a clean and transparent government.

This study analyzes the impact of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (Perppu) No. 2 Year 2022 on Job Creation, particularly in the plantation sector, on the rights of Masyarakat Hukum Adat (MHA). The initial purpose of this Perppu was to increase investment through simplification of regulations and acceleration of licensing, but the formulation of existing norms and regulations can threaten the existence of MHA. This research is a normative research and uses a legislative approach by analyzing primary and secondary legal materials, and using John Rawls' Theory of Justice and Mochtar Kusumaatmadja's Theory of Development Law. The results show that there are significant changes in the application of Perppu No. 2 Year 2022 on Job Creation compared to Law No. 34 Year 2014 on Plantations, including changes in land area limitations, elimination of environmental permits, and elimination of criminal sanctions related to permits and the environment. The implications of the implementation of this Perppu are that it exacerbates the marginalization of Indigenous Peoples, ignores customary rights, and causes overlapping land tenure, as well as ecosystem and environmental damage. This research suggests several strategic steps: accelerating the inventory of customary land and the granting of customary rights certificates, requiring MHA to be involved in every stage of decision-making through FPIC mechanisms, and passing a special law for MHA. Investment policies should also focus on sustainable development with stricter environmental standards than at present.

The right holder of a trademark has full validity to use his own trademark or license it to other parties, including delisting of its own trademark. Delisting of a mark could be done by the owner of the relevant mark, based on initiative of the minister or third party’s interest. Hongyunhonghe Tobacco (Group) Co. Ltd. (Plaintiff) has filed a lawsuit for the delisting of registered WIN trademark owned by PT Sumatra Tobacco Trading Company (Defendant). The issues raised are how the legal arrangements for the delisting of trademarks by third party’s interested and the suitability of the application of the law in Decision Number 45/Pdt.Sus-HKI/Merek/2023/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pstreviewed based on the applicable trademark rules. Normative juridical research type through a statutory study approach and literature study-based data collection. Qualitative data analysis with prescriptive nature. The provisions of Article 74 paragraph (1) jo. Article 85 of the Trademark Law regulates the delisting of registered trademarks filed third party’s interested in the form of a lawsuit to the Chairman of the Central Jakarta Commercial Court. The application of the law applied in the decision is erroneous and states the Plaintiff is not interested. Law enforcement is one of the factors that affect the effectiveness and utilities of the law for the community. Trademarks that have been obtained should be used as well as possible in accordance with the term of protection, so as not to cause a gap for other parties to conduct the delisting of registered trademarks.

Legal politics plays a role in determining the direction of legal policy that must be taken by the government to achieve certain goals. Legal politics is a very important component, one of which is the implementation of existing laws in the country and every policy taken by the government reflects existing political dynamics and the interests of certain groups, thereby affecting the integrity and justice of the existing legal system. The purpose of writing this article is to research further on how the duties and objectives of legal politics are applied to the Indonesian legal system and whether the application of the nature of legal politics is appropriate to the Indonesian legal system. The method used is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach. Legal politics in Indonesia is normative, dynamic, adaptive, pragmatic, progressive, and functions as a tool of social control. However, implementation is often hampered by political interests and lack of consistent implementation. Therefore, there is a need for regular regulatory evaluation, increased transparency of law enforcement, and public participation to create a more responsive and fair legal system.

This research aims to increase students' interest in learning through the implementation of a project-based learning model at SD Negeri 12 Langkai. Students' low interest in learning is one of the main obstacles in achieving learning goals, so an approach is needed that is able to create interesting and relevant learning experiences. Project Based Learning is used by integrating real projects that involve students in the learning process actively, from planning to project completion. The learning process is focused on collaboration, exploration and creativity.  

Leviticus 24:1-4 outlines the procedures for administering the holy oil and bread in the Temple as part of the required worship. This article highlights the importance of purity and proper offerings in the worship of God. Through theological analysis, this journal explains the depth of the symbolic meaning of the holy oil and bread, as well as their relevance in understanding the role of service and worship in ancient Jewish religious traditions

The development of information technology requires that it is important for every individual to have digital literacy skills as a competency in facing the challenges of advancing globalization. Education is a means of improving digital literacy skills, one of the efforts made is through implementing the flipped classroom learning model in learning activities. This research aims to further explore the effectiveness of the flipped classroom model in increasing digital literacy in biology learning. The research was conducted on a sample of 28 Class XI MIPA 2 students at SMA Mekar Arum Cileunyi, Kab. Bandung. Data were collected using a pretest-posttest in the form of 10 essay questions on the Circulation System material, then the results obtained were tested statistically. In this study, it was found that there was an increase in positive ranks from the pretest and posttest results in the non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank statistical test where the Z value, namely -4.631b, was smaller than 0.05 so that H0 was accepted. So it can be concluded that the flipped classroom learning model has an effect on digital literacy skills.    

The purpose of this research is to analyze the meaning of Ilham Karim's series of paintings Butterflies In My Stomach through Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic approach. This research analyses the semiotic process in Karim's 12-painting series, which depicts the emotional journey of his parents' relationship in three phases: encounter, conflict and separation. This research uses qualitative methods through structured interview and literature review. The results of the analysis using Peirce's semiotics show that visual signs such as the consistent use of sofa objects, bright colors and uniquely packaged figure gestures represent harmony, conflict and loss. The triadic interpretation (representament, object and interpretant) reveals a profound message about the emotional dynamics of family relationships. The results of this research provide a new understanding of visual symbolism in contemporary art world, particularly in the context of identity expression and personal trauma.

This article discusses the role and strategies of multinational companies, with a focus on Nestlé Indonesia, in supporting economic development. Nestlé, as an example of a multinational company, operates in various countries and contributes to local economic growth through investment and innovation. This research identifies the scope of multinational companies and the strategies implemented by Nestlé in facing global challenges and complying with international regulations. In addition, this article highlights the importance of appropriate regulations to support the existence of multinational companies in the global market, as well as their positive impact on the national economy.

Strengthening literacy for children is very important, literacy is related to mastery of reading and writing. Lack of attention and instilling literacy from an early age causes a region to experience a low literacy level. The aim of this service activity is to increase understanding and literacy knowledge of coastal children, assist and strengthen children's literacy through playing activities, learning to write and read. This activity is carried out in several stages such as the preparation stage, activity stage, and final evaluation stage. This activity was attended by coastal children. The results that occurred at the activity stage were a lack of knowledge and assistance from families, especially parents, towards children about the importance of literacy for the child's future, resulting in a lack of interest in reading in children. This activity can provide benefits to the community, especially the coastal children of Amal Beach Village, East Tarakan, Tarakan.

This research aims to optimize inclusive education supervision in addressing diversity in the classroom. The object of this research concerns inclusive educational supervision in addressing diversity in classes located in class 9 c of Madrasah Tsanawiyyah Al-Amiriyyah, Blokagung, Banyuwangi, East Java. This research method uses qualitative with a case study approach. Sources of informants in this research include; Principal, Teachers, Students. Data collection techniques used in this research include observation, document analysis, and interviews. Data analysis in this research uses the Miles and Huberman data analysis model, which consists of three main components: data reduction, data analysis, and data conclusions. The results of research on inclusive educational supervision in addressing diversity in the classroom include; Differentiated Approach in Supervision, Parental Involvement, Emotional Impact on Students.

Batak Toba is a tribe with strong customs in Indonesia. One of the applicable values ​​and norms is regarding the process of dividing inheritance among descendants. The existence of male descendants in Toba Batak society is very important to continue the clan. However, not all family members have male offspring. So, the tradition of buying clan (manuhor clan) emerged to overcome this. This phenomenon gives rise to differences in the distribution of inheritance for biological male descendants and male descendants of the clan. This writing provides an understanding of the legal review of the process of dividing customary inheritance for biological male descendants and sons belonging to the clan in Batak Toba. This problem will be studied using normative methods with the perspective of Toba Batak traditional inheritance law through legal studies, journals and research that has been carried out by previous researchers. This writing discusses the implementation of inheritance distribution between biological sons and sons who bear the clan in Batak Toba based on previous research analysis and community customs. The originality of this research explains the role of customary inheritance law that applies in the Toba Batak community in the process of dividing inheritance between biological sons and sons of the clan by showing the similarities and differences that occur.    

This research aims to analyze the role of political economy in the development of sharia economics, with a focus on government policies and political dynamics that influence this sector. Despite progress, challenges such as the public's lack of understanding of Islamic financial products and inadequate regulations still need to be addressed. With a qualitative approach, this research reveals strategies that can increase sharia economic growth in the future, as well as the importance of synergy between government policies and public awareness of sharia values.

Outbound untuk anak usia dini adalah kegiatan pembelajaran di alam terbuka yang Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode experiential learning, yaitu belajar melalui pengalaman langsung. Dalam Perkembangan kognitif anak usia dini dapat meliputi: belajar dan pemecahan masalah, berpikir logis dan berpikir simbolik. Salah satu kegiatan yang dapat menarik minat anak untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif adalah kegiatan outbound karena kegiatan ini dapat menstimulasi anak untuk memecahkan masalah melalui beragam aktivitas dengan mengeksplorasi lingkungan sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi kegiatan outbound dalam meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak pada sekolah Al – Ishan yang berjumlah 20 orang anak. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menggunakan empat tahapan yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan saat penelitian yaitu: observasi, wawancara.  Rubrik penilaian yang dsusun sebagai acuan dalam mengukur kemampuan kognitif anak. Hasil observasi awal menunjukkan terdapat 2 orang anak mencapai kriteria ketuntasan (11,76%). Setelah diberikan kegiatan outbound yang beragam kegiatan pada Siklus I mengalami peningkatan terdapat 15 orang anak mencapai kriteria ketuntasan (70,59%), terjadi peningkatan kembali pada Siklus II sehingga ketuntasan kemampuan kognitif anak mencapai kriteria ketuntasan (88,24%) dari 15 orang anak, setelah diberikan kegiatan outbound yang beragam sehingga dapat disimpulkan, bahwa melalui kegiatan outbound menjadi salah satu kegiatan pembelajaran alternatif yang mampu meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak.

Increasing human resource capacity in business negotiations is one of the strategic efforts to empower the Papuan people. This article is the result of implementing business negotiation training designed by the South Papua Provincial Government, Small and Medium Enterprises Cooperatives, Industry and Trade Service for involving academics from Musamus University the indigenous Papuan community in South Papua Province. The aim of the activity is to improve business negotiation skills to support the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) managed by local communities. Training methods include participatory approaches, simulations, and case studies on business negotiations. The results of the training showed an increase in participants' understanding of effective negotiation techniques, business planning, and strategies for dealing with market dynamics.

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of criminal procedural law in ensuring justice for defendants and victims. Criminal procedural law has an important role in ensuring that the defendant's rights, such as the presumption of innocence and the right to self-defense, are fulfilled. On the other hand, this law must also protect the rights of victims, including providing justice and adequate recovery. However, in practice, there are various challenges that hinder its implementation, such as wrongful arrest, manipulation of the legal process, and lack of sensitivity towards victims. Using normative research methods, this study analyzes statutory regulations, legal doctrine, and concrete cases to assess the effectiveness of criminal procedural law.  The research results show that the implementation of criminal procedural law in Indonesia still faces various obstacles, such as weak implementation of fair trial principles, slow legal processes, and lack of professionalism of law enforcement officials. This condition makes it difficult to achieve a balance of justice for the defendant and victim. This research recommends reforming the legal system, increasing the capacity of the apparatus, and strengthening victim protection mechanisms as an effort to increase the effectiveness of criminal procedural law in ensuring substantive justice.