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Along with the development of the era, the virtual world or the internet is also growing rapidly. In its development, there must be positive and negative things. The term cyberbullying is the use of technology to intimidate, intimidate, or victimize a person or group and this is one of the negative things from the development of the virtual world or the internet. This study uses a normative legal research method, which examines related issues from a human rights perspective and uses laws and regulations and doctrines as study materials for cases that will be classified as cybercrime/stalking or commonly referred to as cyber harassment. Cyberbullying has various forms and approaches. When viewed from a human rights perspective, cyberbullying is strictly prohibited from being carried out on fellow cyberspace users, which in human rights is regulated in Article 30 of Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights which reads: "everyone has the right to a sense of comfort and peace and protection against the threat of fear to do or not do something". In this article it is clearly stated that everyone has the right to obtain a sense of comfort in their lives and peaceful conditions and protection from the threat of fear, which refers to cyberbullying which can share the threat of fear against one person and another.

Riau Malay performing arts are an important cultural heritage, serving as a medium for the expression of identity, moral values, and spirituality of the community. Its existence faces challenges due to globalization, social change, and the declining interest of the younger generation. This paper examines the cultural dynamics, changes in function, and preservation strategies of Riau Malay performing arts. The method used is a literature study with analysis of various sources. The results show that digital innovation, government policy, education, cultural festivals, and legal protection are key in maintaining the sustainability of this art. However, preservation is still faced with weak coordination, lack of protection, and the threat of modernization. Therefore, a collaborative and adaptive approach is needed for Riau Malay performing arts to remain sustainable in the modern era.

The specific minimum sentence in corruption crimes aims to provide a deterrent effect and guarantee legal certainty. However, after the Constitutional Court Decision No. 25/PUU-XIV/2016, there has been a shift in the sentencing paradigm, where judges are given discretionary space to consider substantive justice even though the minimum sentence provisions still apply. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory regulatory approach and case studies, and is analyzed using the ASTACITA framework. The results of the study show that the Constitutional Court's decision strengthens the independence of judges but also opens up the potential for disparity in sentencing and legal uncertainty, especially in cases involving justice collaborators. This study emphasizes the importance of a balance between legal certainty and substantive justice, as well as the urgency of national sentencing guidelines to prevent deviations in discretion. ASTACITA is used as a normative basis in measuring the proportionality and accountability of sentencing in the corruption criminal law system in Indonesia.

Listening skills in grade II students of SDN Padang City are still low, Most students are not focused and are still playing when their teacher is telling a story in front of the class. In addition, the lack of facilities and infrastructure at SDN Padang City is also a factor that hinders the creation of interesting learning. The general purpose of this study is to test the effect of using the role playing model on the listening skills of grade II students of SDN Padang City, where this model involves students to play roles in the stories they will listen to. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. Data were obtained through observation, testing and documentation. Based on the answers and processes during the learning process, the results of the study can be seen showing that there was a change in students' listening skills after using this role playing method.

Family counseling is a strategic approach to helping family members overcome various issues that disrupt family harmony and functionality. In the Indonesian context, family counseling cannot be separated from the influence of distinctive local cultural values such as kinship, mutual cooperation (gotong royong), respect for elders, and the strong presence of religious and customary norms. Indonesian culture, which is predominantly collectivist and hierarchical, places the family as the central social institution that shapes individual identity and behavior. Therefore, it is essential for counselors to understand the diverse family structures present in Indonesia, ranging from patriarchal and matrilineal systems (such as in Minangkabau) to more egalitarian modern families. Culturally-based family counseling in Indonesia not only focuses on resolving interpersonal conflicts within the family but also emphasizes the importance of maintaining social harmony and protecting the family’s reputation in the community. In Indonesian society, conflict resolution is often carried out through deliberation (musyawarah) and involves third parties such as community elders, religious leaders, or respected senior family members. This highlights the need for family counselors in Indonesia to possess intercultural competence and a deep understanding of prevailing social norms. Moreover, religiosity plays a significant role in shaping values, attitudes, and decision-making within families. Counseling approaches that neglect the spiritual and cultural dimensions are often perceived as irrelevant or ineffective. Thus, integrating Western psychological theories with local values is crucial for family counseling to be both effective and contextually appropriate. This article explores the importance of culturally grounded family counseling in Indonesia by emphasizing key principles such as local wisdom, togetherness, deliberation, and harmony as the foundation for intervention strategies. By understanding the complexities of Indonesia’s pluralistic culture, family counseling can become a powerful tool to rebuild healthy, sustainable relationships and support the development of a more emotionally and socially harmonious society.  

Mixed marriages between Indonesian citizens (WNI) and foreign nationals (WNA) often give rise to legal issues, particularly in divorce cases involving the division of marital property. A key challenge arises from the restriction on land ownership for foreign nationals under the Basic Agrarian Law. This study examines Decision Number 146/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Dps, in which an Indonesian wife was accused of extortion against her foreign husband in the context of a mixed marriage divorce. Using a normative juridical method and a descriptive-analytical approach, the study finds that the wife’s act of withholding her husband’s documents does not constitute extortion, but rather a form of self-protection due to the husband's failure to provide financial support. The findings emphasize that the division of marital assets in mixed marriages must consider the provisions of the Marriage Law, the Compilation of Islamic Law for Muslim couples, and the Basic Agrarian Law, especially regarding land ownership by foreign nationals. Therefore, resolving property disputes in mixed marriages requires a careful legal approach to ensure compliance with applicable laws.  

The industrial revolution 4.0 requires elementary and secondary education institutions to improve, even evaluate the learning system of each field of study taught. Around 30% of the world's population has used social media in order to connect, seek information and learn. The same is true for the development of social studies education which continues to experience changes in materials or learning activities that are in accordance with the conditions of students and their environment. The focus of the research in this thesis is: (1) How is the formation of social behavioral character of students in social studies learning of class VIII MTs Al Ma'arif Tulungagung in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 in Generation Z?, (2) What are the supporting and inhibiting factors in the formation of social behavioral character of class VIII MTs Al Ma'Arif Tulungagung students in social studies learning in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 in Generation Z, (3) What are the positive and negative impacts of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era on the formation of social behavioral character of class VIII MTs Al Ma'arif Tulungagung students in social studies learning in Generation Z?. This study aims to examine the formation of students' social behavior through social studies learning, as well as the factors that influence and the impact of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era on class VIII students of MTs Al Ma'arif Tulungagung. This research approach uses a qualitative method known as an artistic method because the data produced is in the form of interpretations of data findings in the field. Furthermore, the type of research used is descriptive qualitative research by collecting accurate data by going directly to the field by utilizing the method of answering and describing a phenomenon that is the focus of the research. The results of the study concluded that: (1) Social studies learning at MTs Al Ma'arif Tulungagung forms students' social behavior through the values ​​of empathy, responsibility, and communication, (2) This character formation is supported by technology, the role of the family, and the school environment, but is hampered by the negative influence of social media and the tendency of Generation Z to seek instant solutions. (3) The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has a positive impact on access to information and critical thinking, but also has negative impacts such as gadget dependence and cyberbullying.

This article aims to explore the psychological values presented in the series Daily Dose of Sunshine. Released in 2023, this medical-themed series addresses mental health issues and portrays the emotional and psychological journeys of its characters. As a series that highlights mental health, it plays a significant role in raising awareness and understanding of mental health problems. The objective of this study is to examine how the series represents psychological concepts related to mental health through the depiction of various psychological disorders. The method employed in this research is descriptive qualitative. This approach is used to observe and describe data found in the Daily Dose of Sunshine series. The data analyzed includes dialogues between characters and scenes containing psychological values. The findings indicate that the series presents several types of mental disorders, such as bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, delusions, schizophrenia, dissociative amnesia, borderline personality disorder (BPD), pseudodementia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. These disorders are conveyed through dialogues and textual elements within scenes that depict each specific mental illness. Moreover, the series also illustrates other mental health issues such as insomnia, gaslighting, self-harm, and panic attacks.

Personal data dissemination is a new type of crime that has emerged in the digital world. The rapid development of technology has led to various innovations in data storage, one of which is through barcode technology. Although it provides convenience, this technology also opens up new gaps in cybercrime, especially the misuse and dissemination of personal data stored in barcodes. The impacts of the spread of personal data include damage to personal reputation due to the widespread dissemination of personal data on the internet, the emergence of cyber bullying and sexual harassment, personal data that has the potential to be sold, and the distress and psychological trauma experienced by victims of personal data dissemination. The purpose of this study is to analyze how law enforcement against perpetrators of abuse of the spread of personal data stored in barcodes is reviewed from the ITE Law and the PDP Law, and identify preventive efforts that can be made to prevent these crimes. This research uses a normative juridical approach method used to examine applicable legal norms related to personal data protection. With a statute approach, books, scientific journals, and the internet. The results showed that, although the ITE Law does not specifically regulate barcode technology, the protection of personal data stored in barcodes is still subject to the provisions of the ITE Law and Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection.

This study is motivated by the development of literature that has shifted to the digital realm, including the short story "Sepotong Senja Untuk Pacarku" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma which was republished on the website www.medium.com. The purpose of this study is to analyze the language style and point of view in the short story. This short story has a distinctive storytelling style, with the use of figurative language and poetic diction as the main attraction. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a stylistic approach and literature study techniques. The results of the analysis show that the dominant language styles in this short story include metaphor, personification, hyperbole, simile, litotes, euphemism, and epistolary. These language styles strengthen emotional expression and deepen the meaning of the story. In addition, the first person singular point of view creates a personal and intimate effect, so that the reader feels directly involved in the narrative of the character "I". This short story also shows the power of imaginative visualization in the context of cyber literature which allows the reading experience to be more interactive and reflective. This study concludes that SSUP's short story successfully utilizes the power of style and point of view to convey messages of love, longing, and existence deeply in a distinctive digital format.

This study highlights the importance of needs analysis in developing learner-centered curricula. Using a library research approach, it explores how investigative techniques—such as interviews, surveys, and classroom observations—can effectively uncover both explicit and implicit student needs. The analysis reveals that triangulating these techniques provides a more holistic and valid understanding of learners. Teachers are encouraged to take on the role of "curriculum detectives" who not only implement but also actively investigate and adapt the curriculum based on data and empathy toward student experiences. The study concludes that systematic and continuous needs analysis leads to dynamic, responsive, and inclusive curriculum design, fostering meaningful and transformation learning experiences.

This report discusses a four-month independent internship experience at the Regional Tax and Retribution Management Agency of Palangka Raya City, specifically in the general staffing section. The internship aimed to connect theoretical knowledge gained in college with practical work experience in a government environment, as well as to develop administrative, communication, and teamwork skills. During the internship, the author was involved in various staffing administrative activities, such as recording and disposition of incoming and outgoing mail, managing employee data, and supporting internal operations. Through observation, interviews, and documentation methods, the author gained a deep understanding of staffing administrative procedures and the importance of accuracy and coordination in supporting smooth organizational operations. This experience also strengthened professional readiness and broadened insight into the work dynamics within government institutions. The implications of this activity demonstrate that systematic and professional staffing administration plays a crucial role in supporting organizational performance and achieving institutional goals

Taxpayer User Number (NPWP) data is something private to be published or known by everyone. Based on Law Number 27 of 2022, the contents of the Law are concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP). This law regulates the protection of citizens' personal data, including the rights of data owners, data controller obligations, and sanctions for violations. Today, adults are uncovering the Bjorka case that published several other people's NPWP data which made all NPWP users afraid. Therefore, this journal discusses the Legal Review and Prevention Efforts for NPWP Data Leakage Cases. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive research method through a literature study approach.

Literature and film often use universal character patterns, known as archetypes, to explore deep psychological and social themes that resonate across cultures. Recent studies have applied Jungian archetype theory to analyze characters in various films, but few have focused on how these patterns shape emotional journeys in contemporary drama. This study aims to examine the archetypal dimensions of the main character, Otto Anderson, in Marc Forster’s film A Man Called Otto by applying Carl Gustav Jung’s archetype theory. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the research analyzes selected scenes, dialogues, and monologues to identify and interpret five key archetypes: Self, Ego, Persona, Shadow, and Anima. The findings show that Otto’s character embodies all five archetypes, with the Ego (30,77%) and Shadow (23,08%) dominating his early isolation and emotional defenses, while the Self (11,54%), Anima (15,38%), Persona (19,23%) and emerge as he reconnects with others and moves toward healing. These percentages illustrate the varying influence of each archetype throughout Otto’s journey, highlighting how his psychological transformation is reflected in the shifting dominance of these archetypal patterns. Compared to previous studies that examined archetypes in films such as Enola Holmes, Mcfarland USA, Encanto, The Dark Tower, and The Three Stooges, this research offers a deeper psychological perspective by focusing on the interplay of grief, isolation, and transformation within a dramatic context. The analysis demonstrates the value of archetype theory in understanding character development and highlights how A Man Called Otto reflects universal experiences of loss and resilience in modern cinema.

Social media has become an integral part of Generation Z's life, including elementary school students, who are known as the tech-savvy generation. This study aims to examine Generation Z students' perceptions of the influence of social media on their academic behavior and learning concentration through a literature study approach. Data were collected from various current literature sources and analyzed using thematic analysis methods. The results of the study indicate that social media has a dual impact: platforms such as YouTube and educational applications such as Kahoot increase motivation and access to learning resources, but uncontrolled use causes distraction, procrastination, and decreased learning concentration. The characteristics of Generation Z, such as dependence on technology and the need for digital existence, strengthen the influence of social media on their academic behavior. Therefore, a balanced educational approach is needed to maximize the benefits of social media while minimizing its negative impacts. This study provides insight for educators and parents in managing the use of social media wisely.

This study aims to identify and analyze forms of gender bias found in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) textbooks at the Senior High School (SMA) level. Using a qualitative approach with content analysis methods, grounded in a critical paradigm and gender perspective, this research found that gender representation in several teaching materials remains unequal. Gender bias in the textbooks is manifested through narratives that position men as dominant in the public sphere, while women are confined to domestic roles. The analyzed materials include topics such as pilgrimage requirements, covering the body and dressing, visiting graves, marriage guardians and witnesses, and family leadership. In these narratives, women are often portrayed as weak, in need of protection, or limited in their roles. This indicates that PAI textbooks continue to reproduce patriarchal values that may reinforce gender-based social inequalities in educational settings. The study recommends that teaching materials be revised to be more inclusive and aligned with gender equality principles as mandated by national education regulations. Thus, education can serve as a fair and equitable instrument for all students, regardless of gender. 

This research was conducted at MAN 2 Karawang, focusing on the analysis of Al-Qur'an and Hadith learning, particularly regarding methods, facilities, as well as supporting and inhibiting factors. The location was chosen based on the school's commitment to developing flagship programs such as the Tahfidz Al-Qur'an (Qur'an memorization) and Rohis (Islamic Spiritual) mentoring, alongside the challenges faced in optimizing the memorization of Juz 30 and students' understanding of Arabic script. The research method used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that innovative methods such as Market Place Activity, Snowball Throwing, and Role Play proved effective in increasing student participation and comprehension. Facilities such as a large TV for Tahsin (Qur'an recitation improvement) and a Rohis room also served as key supporting factors. However, obstacles such as extreme weather and power outages occasionally disrupted the learning process. In conclusion, a combination of creative methods, adequate facilities, and teacher adaptability played a crucial role in the success of Al-Qur'an and Hadith learning at MAN 2 Karawang, although infrastructure improvements are needed to address technical challenges.

Effective Qur'an learning is an essential aspect of Islamic religious education, particularly in improving the ability to read the Qur'an correctly and fluently. The Tilawati method is a learning approach emphasizing talaqqi musyafahah to improve letter pronunciation and tajwid. This study aims to optimize the implementation of the Tilawati method at TPQ Al-Fath Griya Kartika Desa Cemandi to enhance reading fluency and tajwid comprehension among students. The methodology employed is the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, utilizing interviews and observations as data collection techniques and involving lecturers, students, and the community in the community service activities. The results indicate significant improvements in Qur'an reading fluency, tajwid understanding, and student motivation. Therefore, the Tilawati method is proven to be an effective learning model for Qur'an education that provides sustainable positive impacts for the surrounding community

The provision of sustenance (nafaqah) is a crucial aspect of family life that is strongly emphasized in Islamic teachings. This study aims to explore the urgency of nafaqah through a thematic approach to authentic (ṣaḥīḥ) hadiths that address the obligation of financial support, viewed from legal, ethical, and social perspectives. Using the maudhū‘ī (thematic) method, this research collects and analyzes ṣaḥīḥ hadiths from major compilations such as Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim to gain a comprehensive understanding of Islamic principles regarding nafaqah. The findings reveal that providing sustenance is not only a legal duty of the husband, but also a sign of faith, compassion, and a means of maintaining social stability. This study highlights the importance of a proper understanding of nafaqah in Islam as a foundation for building a harmonious and God-pleasing family.

Learning assessment in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) has tended to focus on cognitive or academic aspects, while strengthening students' character has received less attention. In fact, character education is very important to shape children's personalities from an early age. This study aims to develop a learning assessment model that not only assesses aspects of knowledge, but also measures the development of students' character, such as honesty, responsibility, cooperation, and discipline. The method used is research and development with stages of needs analysis, instrument design, trials, and revisions. The results of the study show that character-based assessments can be integrated into teaching and learning activities effectively, and receive positive responses from teachers and students. The development of this assessment is expected to be a solution to support the overall goal of character education in MI.