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This study examines the role of Humanistic Buddhism as practiced by Fo Guang Shan in building compassion-based communities through education in Indonesia. As a contemporary Buddhist movement with global development, Fo Guang Shan emphasizes the integration of values such as compassion, wisdom, and humanity into both formal and non-formal educational practices that are relevant to the social context of modern society. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research explores in depth the implementation of Humanistic Buddhist values within educational curricula, learning activities, and various community empowerment programs involving interfaith and intercultural engagement. Data were obtained through analysis of educational activities and social practices conducted by Fo Guang Shan in Indonesia. The findings indicate that education grounded in Humanistic Buddhism contributes significantly to fostering interreligious tolerance, shaping learners’ moral character, and promoting social solidarity within Indonesia’s pluralistic society. Beyond academic aspects, Fo Guang Shan’s educational model also prioritizes the development of empathy, social responsibility, and collective awareness to encourage harmonious coexistence. This study concludes that the educational initiatives undertaken by Fo Guang Shan offer a transformative approach to building an inclusive, compassionate society oriented toward sustainable social engagement.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the “Aku Senang Belajar Membaca” book, de signed based on the Montessori method, for early childhood learners aged 3–7 years. Em ploying a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this research synthesizes findings from literature published between 2015 and 2025. The book, structured in four levels with culturally relevant Indonesian vocabulary and supported by Montessori materials like sandpaper letters, fosters reading interest, letter recognition, and confidence in early reading. Results indicate that integrating the book with Montessori media enhances phonological awareness, motivation, and engagement in literacy activities. These find ings underscore the importance of contextual and concrete learning materials for early childhood education, offering insights for educators and curriculum developers to improve literacy interventions in Indonesia.

This study aims to explain the urgency of instilling character values in education in the modern era, describe the strategies or approaches used in the educational environment, and identify challenges and solutions in their implementation. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques included observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, with the research subjects consisting of teachers, students, and principals at primary and secondary education levels. The results show that the cultivation of character values such as honesty, responsibility, discipline, tolerance, and cooperation is very important to form learners who not only excel in academics, but also have moral integrity and emotional maturity. Strategies used in character cultivation include integration of character values in learning, habituation of positive attitudes, teacher role models, and extracurricular activities. The main challenges in implementing character education are the negative influence of digital media, the weak role of the family, and the lack of consistency in character development. Solutions include improving educators' competence in character education, strengthening cooperation between schools and parents, and creating a school environment that supports a positive culture. Thus, character education should be an integral part of the education system, through synergistic cooperation between schools, families and communities.

This study examined the effectiveness of applying the Logan Avenue Problem Solving (LAPS-Heuristic) learning model on mathematics learning outcomes among Class VII students at Wusto Imam An-Nasai Gowa using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The population consisted of all seventh-grade students enrolled in the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. A learning outcome test was employed as the primary research instrument to measure students’ performance before and after the implementation of the learning model. The data analysis involved descriptive statistical methods combined with gain tests to assess the extent of improvement. The findings revealed that students’ mathematics achievement fell predominantly within the very high category, with 53.85% of learners classified in this range, indicating a notable increase in category levels compared to their pretest performance. Furthermore, the percentage of students who successfully met the required minimum competency standards after the application of the LAPS-Heuristic model reached 96.15%. This outcome clearly illustrates that the vast majority of students—over 85%—achieved or exceeded the established passing threshold, suggesting that the integration of the LAPS-Heuristic approach was highly effective in enhancing mathematics learning outcomes. Overall, the results underscore that the LAPS-Heuristic learning model can serve as a practical and impactful strategy to improve student engagement, comprehension, and mastery of mathematical concepts in junior high school settings.

This study aims to describe the strategies implemented by Rumah Belajar Merah Putih in addressing the educational needs of children of commercial sex workers who are not enrolled in formal schooling. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that Rumah Belajar Merah Putih faces several challenges, including limited facilities and infrastructure, insufficient funding, low public awareness of the importance of education, a shortage of qualified teaching staff, and difficulties in establishing external partnerships. To overcome these obstacles, the organization has developed strategies encompassing four key aspects: (1) Corporate strategy, which emphasizes the formulation of a vision, mission, and goals in response to the community’s lack of attention to education; (2) Program strategy, designed based on the background of the learners to raise awareness of the importance of education; (3) Resource support strategy, aimed at addressing the limitations in teaching staff, funding, and facilities; and (4) Institutional strategy, focused on strengthening internal communication and expanding external partnerships to tackle collaboration challenges. These four strategies have proven effective in addressing the identified challenges and serve as a crucial foundation for providing inclusive education for children of commercial sex workers, although continuous improvement and reinforcement are still needed.

This study examined the role of mobile-based language learning applications, particularly Duolingo, in supporting self-directed English language learning. Using a qualitative approach through literature review, this research analyzed various academic studies published between 2018 and 2024 that focused on the effectiveness of Duolingo in improving vocabulary, grammar, and learning motivation. The results indicated that Duolingo helped learners develop consistent study habits and fostered autonomy through its gamified features. In addition, the app offered a flexible and engaging learning environment. However, limitations were found in speaking skill development and social interaction, which the application did not fully support. Overall, Duolingo serves as a useful supplementary tool in learning English, but it should be combined with other methods for more comprehensive outcomes.

Nominal derivational suffixes are important to create new words, making communication more efficient. Nominal derivational suffixes can be found in novel, short story, or even animated movie. Some previous studies have focused only on written media, which limits the exploration of the use of nominal derivational suffixes in spoken language. This study aims to fill this gap by identifying the forms and the functions of nominal derivational suffixes found in the Elemental movie. To collect the data, this study applied documentation method and concordance technique. The data collected were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. The data then presented using formal and informal methods. The findings highlighted there were thirty words with nine forms of nominal suffixes. This showed how suffixes contribute to word formation, character speech, and meaning, offering insights for future studies or learners.

Thematic learning at the elementary school level is designed to provide integrated and meaningful learning experiences, aligned with the thinking characteristics of young learners. The success of this approach is strongly influenced by the teacher’s role in designing, implementing, and evaluating the learning process. This study aims to examine in depth how teachers carry out their roles in thematic learning and identify the influencing factors. The research uses a literature review method by analyzing fifteen relevant sources, including academic journals and educational books. The findings show that teachers hold multifaceted roles as facilitators, motivators, instructional designers, and learning assessors. Teachers also play a crucial role in shaping students’ character through the integration of social values within thematic instruction. However, practical implementation still faces challenges such as limited time, administrative workload, and lack of professional training. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of strengthening teachers’ professional competence and institutional support to ensure thematic learning can be implemented effectively and sustainably in elementary schools.

This study aims to examine the use of active and passive sentences in the Bahasa Indonesia: Aku Bisa! textbook used in Grade 1 of elementary school under the Merdeka Curriculum. Textbooks play an important role in the learning process, particularly as examples of proper and correct language use for students. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using documentation techniques to identify and analyze sentence structures based on appropriate linguistic rules. The main focus of the study is to reveal the forms of active and passive sentences used, and to assess their accuracy in terms of structure and appropriateness for young learners' language development. The findings show that some sentences are structurally inaccurate, overly complex, or misaligned with the cognitive development of first-grade students. Such issues can hinder students' understanding of the learning material. Therefore, editing is necessary to simplify and correct sentence structures so that they are more communicative and easier to understand. This study emphasizes the importance of the editing process in textbook development to ensure high linguistic quality, support effective learning, and align with the principles of the student-centered Merdeka Curriculum.

The evaluation of textbooks is a strategic step to ensure the alignment of instructional materials with curricular goals and the needs of learners. In the context of teaching Arabic at the university level, writing skills (mahārah kitābah) are an essential component in shaping productive and communicative language abilities. This study aims to evaluate the representation and development of writing skills in the Arabic Language Book Marhalah Three, published by the Language Center of UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau in 2018. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a document analysis method. Data were collected through content analysis of the textbook using a foreign language textbook evaluation rubric, which includes aspects such as content, instructional approach, and the suitability of the material to students' competencies. The findings indicate that although the book is organized with a systematic instructional structure and thematically relevant content, the development of writing skills is still primarily based on a structural approach and lacks diverse, communicative exercises. These findings suggest the need for improvement in the textbook by integrating communicative, integrative, and contextual approaches in order to enhance the effectiveness of mahārah kitābah instruction in higher education settings.

This study aims to determine the role of psychology of religion in the development of prophetic character in students is to understand the psychology of religion influences or plays a role either in general or in the development of prophetic values that exist in students. This research uses a literature study method where researchers read theories related to the problems studied which are sourced from academic literature. The results of the study show that education is a means in shaping the religious spirit of students. Psychology of Religion has a role to develop the prophetic nature of learners by providing awareness of the meaning of life, the purpose of their actions by improving morals and ethics in everyday life, relationships with God in the form of strengthening beliefs and faith. A learner can face the challenges of faith with emotional control. The conclusion of this study shows that the psychology of religion has a very important role in the formation of the prophetic character of students with the help of the psychology of religion students can understand the meaning of religious prophetic values that will be the basis for the formation of character and personality behavior of each student to achieve the welfare of life.

This research focuses on the implementation of conventional and digital learning media in Christian Religious Education and Character Education at SMP Negeri 8 Palangkaraya. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of these media in enhancing student understanding and engagement. A quantitative experimental design was employed, involving 106 seventh-grade students divided into groups using different media: educational snake and ladder games for conventional media and interactive PowerPoint presentations for digital media. Data were collected through observations and Likert-scale questionnaires. The findings indicate that both media effectively foster a lively learning atmosphere, with students showing high enthusiasm and participation. The conventional media was particularly beneficial for active learners, while digital media catered to visual learners. The implications suggest that varied media use can enhance teaching quality and accommodate diverse learning styles, making learning more engaging and meaningful.

Entering the 21st century era, education is required to not only develop cognitive aspects, but also the character and life skills of students. One important ability that needs to be cultivated is empathy as the foundation of healthy and humanist social interaction. This article examines the role of dance appreciation in shaping students' empathy through a literature review approach. Dance appreciation is seen not only as an activity of observing performances, but also as a process of appreciating the meaning, culture, and emotions implied in dance movements. Through this process, learners not only train aesthetic sensitivity, but also develop critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity (4C) skills. In addition, dance appreciation can be a safe space for self-reflection, development of social awareness, and the formation of a more empathetic character. Thus, dance has a strategic contribution in answering the challenges of 21st century education, especially in building a cultured young generation and noble personality.

This study aims to analyze the derivational affixes found in the Regina Caeli speech delivered by Pope Leo XIV. The main focus of the research is to identify the types of derivational affixes and determine their frequency, including both prefixes and suffixes. The research applies a mixed methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. The quantitative aspect involves identifying and counting the types and frequency of derivational affixes found in Pope Leo XIV’s speech at Regina Caeli. The qualitative aspect focuses on analyzing the contextual meaning and function of those affixes within the speech. Data collection techniques include textual analysis.. Based on the analysis, a total of 13 types of derivational affixes were identified, consisting of one prefix and 12 suffixes. Furthermore, derivational affixes in this study are classified into four types: noun, verb, adjective, and adverb derivation. This study is expected to encourage English learners to understand and apply derivational affixes effectively, as doing so can significantly enrich vocabulary and enhance linguistic competence by recognizing root words and how new forms are created. This classification helps English learners expand vocabulary and understand how word forms are systematically built, thus enhancing their language skills.

This study aims to explore the practices and perceptions of tutors in implementing assessment in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction at non-formal language course institutions. A quantitative method was used, involving data collection through questionnaires with both closed and open-ended questions, complemented by an online interview to deepen the understanding of assessment implementation. The results show that diagnostic and formative assessments are the most frequently used types (100%), while performance-based and project-based assessments are used by 50% of the respondents. None of the tutors reported using self-assessment, indicating a limited variety in assessment methods applied. The main purposes of assessment include identifying students’ learning needs, monitoring progress, and evaluating teaching effectiveness. Despite facing challenges such as limited time and low student motivation, tutors managed to apply solutions like group discussions and peer feedback. Assessment was found to positively impact both students’ skill development and tutors’ understanding of -learners’ needs. The study concludes that assessment in ESP plays a strategic role not only as an evaluation tool but also as a diagnostic and formative mechanism that supports continuous learning. Therefore, proper understanding and contextual adaptation are essential in maximizing the role of assessment in ESP instruction.

This study aims to develop an instructional medium in the form of a Webtoon-based digital comic entitled “Was machst du?”, adapted from the Netzwerk neu A2 textbook, to enhance German reading comprehension at the A2 level. The development model used is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Validation was conducted by two experts one in content and one in media with validation scores of 91% and 92%, respectively, indicating that the comic is highly suitable for instructional use. A limited trial was carried out among students of the German Language Education Program at Universitas Negeri Medan. The results showed that the comic supported students’ reading comprehension, increased motivation, and reduced reliance on online translators. This study concludes that integrating official textbook content into digital comic formats published through popular platforms such as Webtoon represents an effective and relevant innovation for digital-native learners.

This study examines Boras Sipir Ni Tondi, a sacred cultural symbol of the Batak community which literally means “rice that restores the soul,” often used in traditional rituals as a medium of spiritual healing, blessing, and communal solidarity. The research addresses the growing theological tension and cultural disconnection among Batak Christian youth who are caught between ancestral heritage and the normative teachings of Christianity. The objective of this study is to explore the symbolic and theological meaning of Boras Sipir Ni Tondi and to develop a contextual approach for its integration into Christian Religious Education (CRE). Using a qualitative research approach with library research methods and contextual hermeneutic analysis, the study draws on theological literature, cultural anthropology, and scriptural narratives. The findings reveal that Boras Sipir Ni Tondi holds profound symbolic meanings aligned with Christian concepts of restoration, spiritual renewal, and divine grace. When interpreted theologically, this symbol can serve as a pedagogical tool to bridge faith and culture, especially through reflective learning models, contextual liturgies, and integrative teaching strategies. The study proposes that by embracing culturally meaningful symbols within the framework of biblical theology, CRE can foster spiritual identity that is both rooted in tradition and transformative in faith. It concludes that a critical and theologically grounded inculturation of local symbols enhances the relevance of Christian education, enabling learners to embody faith that is contextually aware, spiritually alive, and culturally rooted.  

The digital era has fundamentally transformed the educational paradigm. This research examines the transformation of teachers' roles in addressing digital technology developments, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and social media. The purpose of this study is to analyze the importance of technology literacy and digital ethics for teachers in creating adaptive and relevant learning environments. A literature review methodology is employed to identify key components required for teachers to transform into adaptive educators. The findings indicate that teachers need to develop five core competencies: understanding digital tools, critical information evaluation, interactive learning design, facilitating independent learners, and implementing technology ethics. This research contributes to developing a framework for adaptive teachers capable of utilizing technology as an opportunity rather than a threat in the educational process.

This study highlights the importance of needs analysis in developing learner-centered curricula. Using a library research approach, it explores how investigative techniques—such as interviews, surveys, and classroom observations—can effectively uncover both explicit and implicit student needs. The analysis reveals that triangulating these techniques provides a more holistic and valid understanding of learners. Teachers are encouraged to take on the role of "curriculum detectives" who not only implement but also actively investigate and adapt the curriculum based on data and empathy toward student experiences. The study concludes that systematic and continuous needs analysis leads to dynamic, responsive, and inclusive curriculum design, fostering meaningful and transformation learning experiences.

The learning environment plays a strategic role in determining the quality of the teaching and learning process, particularly for fifth-grade elementary school students who are at a crucial stage of cognitive and social development. This study aims to analyze the influence of the learning environment on the effectiveness of learning in Grade V of elementary school using a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review. The learning environment examined includes physical aspects (such as facilities, classroom layout, and lighting) as well as non-physical aspects (such as social interaction, emotional atmosphere, and teacher support). The findings reveal that a conducive learning environment significantly enhances students’ motivation, engagement, and academic achievement. These results are supported by Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s constructivist theories, as well as Bandura’s social learning theory, which emphasize the importance of interaction between learners and their environment in constructing knowledge and skills. The study recommends strong collaboration among schools, teachers, and education stakeholders to create a holistic, safe, and supportive learning environment that fosters students’ academic and personal development.