Pain is an unpleasant sensation that can interfere with an individual's quality of life and requires effective management. Synthetic analgesics such as ketorolac, codeine, etoricoxib, and celecoxib are commonly used to relieve pain, but long-term use can cause adverse side effects, including gastrointestinal disturbances, dependence, and cardiovascular risks. Therefore, it is important to find safer, natural alternatives. One promising alternative is the extract of the dragon’s tail leaf (Rhaphidophora pinnata), a plant traditionally used in Indonesian medicine as a pain reliever. This study aims to evaluate and compare the analgesic effects of Rhaphidophora pinnata leaf extract with several synthetic drugs using the writhing test on male mice (Mus musculus). The mice were induced with pain by injecting a 0.5% acetic acid solution. The treatments included ketorolac, codeine, etoricoxib, celecoxib, and Rhaphidophora pinnata leaf extract. The results showed that all treatments, including both synthetic drugs and Rhaphidophora pinnata leaf extract, produced significant analgesic effects compared to the negative control (Na CMC 0.5%). Ketorolac showed the highest effectiveness, followed by codeine, etoricoxib, and celecoxib. Although the Rhaphidophora pinnata leaf extract showed potential as a natural analgesic, its effectiveness varied among individual test animals. Some mice showed a better response to the leaf extract, but overall, the analgesic effect was still lower than that of synthetic drugs. These findings support the use of medicinal plants as a safer alternative to synthetic analgesic drugs. Moreover, this study provides a foundation for further research aimed at isolating active compounds from Rhaphidophora pinnata leaf extract to develop more effective and safer pain-relieving medications.

On-task behavior problems are a common obstacle in the academic activities of school-aged children. Children often experience difficulty maintaining attention, are easily distracted, and exhibit frequent shifts of attention during learning. This has the potential to lead to decreased academic achievement and increased impulsive behavior. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the shaping behavior modification technique in increasing the duration of on-task behavior. The subject of the study was a 4-year-old boy who exhibited attention problems while working on academic tasks. The research design used a one-group pretest-posttest design with a single-subject approach using an A-B-A data collection model. Data collection was carried out using a duration data sheet to measure the duration of on-task behavior through direct observation. Data analysis was conducted by comparing the average duration of on-task behavior before and after the intervention. The results showed that the shaping technique did not provide a significant increase in the duration of on-task behavior. Although there were fluctuations in the duration of increases and decreases during the intervention phase, these results were not sufficient to prove the effectiveness of shaping in this context. These findings indicate that the shaping approach is less than optimal when applied alone, and that additional intervention methods or other alternatives are needed that are more appropriate to the characteristics and needs of the child. This research provides implications for the importance of selecting appropriate and adaptive behavioral intervention techniques to help children improve focus and engagement in academic activities.
 

Financial statements play an important role in providing relevant, reliable, and trustworthy financial information to stakeholders. Although auditors are responsible for ensuring the fairness of these statements, cases of undetected financial fraud still occur. This research seeks to empirically examine the effect of experience and time budget pressure on the auditor’s ability to detect fraud, with an understanding of red flags as a moderating variable. The research was conducted on auditors who work in Public Accounting Firms (PAFs) in Bali. The sample was determined using purposive sampling technique and 94 auditors were obtained as a sample. Data was collected through a survey method using a structured questionnaire distributed to respondents. The analytical methods used include multiple linear regression analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that experience has a positive effect, and time budget pressure has a negative effect on the auditor’s’ ability to detect fraud. Furthermore, red flags strengthen the effect of experience and time budget pressure on the auditor’s ability to detect fraud. The findings provide valuable insights for auditors to manage their work focus effectively and for public accounting firms to allocate audit time proportionally, ensuring optimal awareness of red flags even under high time pressure.

The high bounce rate of the SOCO by Sociolla app, reaching 57.8%, and the decline in user engagement indicate a serious challenge in maintaining consumer loyalty amidst highly dynamic digital platform competition. In an era when consumers have many alternatives and high expectations for digital experiences, building meaningful relationships through brand experience is crucial. Brand experience encompasses not only functional interactions but also emotional and sensory dimensions that shape consumer perceptions of service value and quality. This study aims to analyze the influence of brand experience on brand loyalty by including perceived quality and brand trust as mediating variables. A quantitative approach was used through the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method on 430 active SOCO app users. The results showed that brand experience significantly influences brand loyalty directly (t=2.195, p=0.014) and also indirectly through perceived quality (t=2.457, p=0.007) and brand trust (t=5.563, p=0.000). Overall, this model explains 62.7% of the variance in brand loyalty. These findings underscore the importance of experiential marketing strategies in increasing customer satisfaction, building trust, and maintaining long-term loyalty. A strong brand experience can create deep emotional connections, strengthen perceptions of service quality, and foster brand trust, particularly in the digital beauty sector, which relies heavily on image and user convenience. Theoretically, this study contributes to the development of brand loyalty models in the digital environment. Practically, the results of this study provide guidance for digital beauty app managers like SOCO to design more immersive, personalized, and consistent user experience strategies to increase customer retention and strengthen their competitive position.

Bullying is a recurring issue and has become a widespread concern, particularly among children and adolescents in school environments. Schools, which should ideally be safe spaces for learning, building friendships, and experiencing personal growth, often turn into places of fear and psychological distress for some students. This is largely due to the frequent violation of human rights (HR) that often goes unaddressed or is underestimated. Bullying can take many forms, including verbal, psychological, physical abuse, and increasingly, cyberbullying. Each of these forms can cause serious harm not only to the victims—who may suffer from emotional and mental trauma—but also to the perpetrators, who may experience long-term psychological consequences and develop deviant or aggressive behavior patterns. In Indonesia, bullying remains a significant issue and a major concern in the education sector. Nearly every school has faced incidents of bullying in one form or another. Cyberbullying, in particular, is harder to monitor and control since it often occurs outside the school’s jurisdiction and is carried out through social media platforms. Efforts to tackle bullying must go beyond merely protecting and supporting the victims. A comprehensive approach is necessary, one that also focuses on preventive education. Students, teachers, and parents must be consistently educated on the negative impacts of bullying, the importance of empathy, and a deeper understanding of human rights. Moreover, strict and clear sanctions must be imposed on perpetrators as a form of legal enforcement and deterrence. With a holistic strategy that involves all elements of the school and the wider community, it is hoped that educational institutions can truly become safe, inclusive, and supportive environments. Such conditions are essential for fostering not only academic growth but also the psychological well-being and character development of the nation's children.

This study aims to analyze the extent of the influence of the provision of discount vouchers and the ease of use of the application on purchase decisions through the GrabFood service among students of the Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics, State University of Medan. In today's digital era, app-based food delivery services are increasingly in demand due to the ease of access, convenience, and various promotions offered. GrabFood as one of the leading online food service providers in Indonesia utilizes marketing strategies in the form of providing discount vouchers and improving user experience to attract consumer interest. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach with purposive sampling techniques to determine samples that are relevant to the research objectives. The population in this study is GrabFood application users, with a total of 100 students. Data were collected through questionnaires and processed using SPSS software version 26 to analyze the relationship between independent and bound variables. The results of the analysis show that the discount voucher variable has a positive and significant impact on purchase decisions. Students tend to take advantage of discounts as the main consideration before ordering food. The same applies to the variable of ease of use of the application which also has a positive and significant effect. The user-friendly interface features of the GrabFood application, transaction speed, and practical payment system are important factors in attracting buyers. In addition, simultaneously these two variables have been proven to influence purchasing decisions positively and significantly. This research is expected to provide input for GrabFood management to continue to optimize promotions and application features to further increase consumer satisfaction and loyalty among students.

This study aims to analyze the influence of live streaming and content quality on purchase intention for Credifox products on TikTok Shop, both partially and simultaneously. The research employs a quantitative method with a non-probability sampling technique, involving 100 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using statistical quantitative methods and multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS 25 software. The findings indicate that, partially, live streaming significantly influences purchase intention, with a t-value of 4.571 > t-table 1.985 and a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05. Similarly, content quality also has a significant influence on purchase intention, as shown by a t-value of 3.152 > t-table 1.985 and a significance level of 0.002 < 0.05. Simultaneously, live streaming and content quality have a positive and significant influence on purchase intention for Credifox products on TikTok Shop, with an F-value of 74.834 > F-table 3.100 and a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05.

The retail industry is one of the choices for people to fulfill their needs. With the dynamics of the retail industry that had slumped, one of the local retailers in Yogyakarta, Pamella Supermarket, became the favorite choice of the people of Yogyakarta. One of the Pamella Supermarket branches, Pamella 9 Supermarket Wonosari, is always crowded with customers and its existence absorbs the youth workforce of Gunungkidul area. The existence of competition in this industry requires many supporting factors to survive.  In this study, several important factors are examined, including work motivation, work environment, work experience and employee loyalty. This study aims to analyze the simultaneous influence of work motivation, work environment and work experience on employee loyalty at the Pamella 9 supermarket in Wonosari. The research data was collected from 60 respondents through interviews and questionnaires. To analyze the data obtained, multiple linear regression techniques were used and processed with SPSS version 27.The results showed some important conclusions: first, work motivation did not have a significant influence; second, the work environment had a positive and significant influence; third, work experience also had a positive and significant influence; fourth, overall, work motivation, work environment and work experience had a significant effect on employee loyalty at Pamella 9 Supermarket in Wonosari.

The increasing complexity and dynamics of the business environment at local, regional, and global levels have driven PT PLN (Persero)’s Internal Audit Unit (SPI) to adopt a Purpose-Driven Internal Audit approach, positioning the audit function as a strategic partner for long-term organizational success. However, the Internal Stakeholder Satisfaction Index for assurance services in the Construction, Generation, and New Renewable Energy Audit Division (AKP) fell short of its targets in 2023 and 2024. This study aims to analyze the impact of audit service quality—comprising tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy—on auditee satisfaction. Using a quantitative approach with PLS-SEM and Importance–Performance Map Analysis (IPMA), data were collected from AKP Division auditees in 2024. The results show that all dimensions of audit service quality positively and significantly influence satisfaction, with responsiveness and empathy being the most dominant factors. The findings offer practical insights for SPI PLN in prioritizing service improvements based on user perceptions and provide theoretical support for the SERVQUAL model as a key psychological mechanism in fostering satisfaction within trust-based professional services

This study aims to analyze tehe effect of profitability and firm size on firm value with capital structure as a mediating variable. The study was conducted on food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2020-2023. The variables used in this study include Return on Assets (ROA), frim size (SIZE), Dept to Equity Ratio (DER), and Price to Earnings Ratio (PER). Path analysis was applied to test the relationsips. The results show that booth profitability and firm size significantly influence capital structure. Pprofitability and firm size also directly affect firm value. Furthemore, capital structure ppartially mediates the relationship between profitabilitiy, firm size, and firm value. These findings highlight the importance of strategic capital structur management to enhance corporate financial performance and long-term value, especially in the food and beverage sector.