Pain is an unpleasant sensation that can interfere with an individual's quality of life and requires effective management. Synthetic analgesics such as ketorolac, codeine, etoricoxib, and celecoxib are commonly used to relieve pain, but long-term use can cause adverse side effects, including gastrointestinal disturbances, dependence, and cardiovascular risks. Therefore, it is important to find safer, natural alternatives. One promising alternative is the extract of the dragon’s tail leaf (Rhaphidophora pinnata), a plant traditionally used in Indonesian medicine as a pain reliever. This study aims to evaluate and compare the analgesic effects of Rhaphidophora pinnata leaf extract with several synthetic drugs using the writhing test on male mice (Mus musculus). The mice were induced with pain by injecting a 0.5% acetic acid solution. The treatments included ketorolac, codeine, etoricoxib, celecoxib, and Rhaphidophora pinnata leaf extract. The results showed that all treatments, including both synthetic drugs and Rhaphidophora pinnata leaf extract, produced significant analgesic effects compared to the negative control (Na CMC 0.5%). Ketorolac showed the highest effectiveness, followed by codeine, etoricoxib, and celecoxib. Although the Rhaphidophora pinnata leaf extract showed potential as a natural analgesic, its effectiveness varied among individual test animals. Some mice showed a better response to the leaf extract, but overall, the analgesic effect was still lower than that of synthetic drugs. These findings support the use of medicinal plants as a safer alternative to synthetic analgesic drugs. Moreover, this study provides a foundation for further research aimed at isolating active compounds from Rhaphidophora pinnata leaf extract to develop more effective and safer pain-relieving medications.

Financial statements play an important role in providing relevant, reliable, and trustworthy financial information to stakeholders. Although auditors are responsible for ensuring the fairness of these statements, cases of undetected financial fraud still occur. This research seeks to empirically examine the effect of experience and time budget pressure on the auditor’s ability to detect fraud, with an understanding of red flags as a moderating variable. The research was conducted on auditors who work in Public Accounting Firms (PAFs) in Bali. The sample was determined using purposive sampling technique and 94 auditors were obtained as a sample. Data was collected through a survey method using a structured questionnaire distributed to respondents. The analytical methods used include multiple linear regression analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that experience has a positive effect, and time budget pressure has a negative effect on the auditor’s’ ability to detect fraud. Furthermore, red flags strengthen the effect of experience and time budget pressure on the auditor’s ability to detect fraud. The findings provide valuable insights for auditors to manage their work focus effectively and for public accounting firms to allocate audit time proportionally, ensuring optimal awareness of red flags even under high time pressure.

Tanjak Palembang, as a cultural heritage typical of South Sumatra, has high historical and aesthetic value. Although it was once only worn by the nobility, now tanjak has become part of the cultural identity that can be worn by anyone. In the digital era, marketing of traditional cultural products such as tanjak faces challenges from modern products and consumer accessibility. This study aims to analyze the optimal strategy in utilizing e-commerce platforms, such as Tokopedia, Bukalapak, and Blibli, to increase the appeal, sales, and preservation of the Palembang tanjak culture. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, with primary data collection through interviews and observations, as well as secondary data from literature and industry reports. The results of the study indicate that the use of e-commerce platforms significantly expands market reach and increases brand awareness of the Palembang tanjak. However, business actors also face challenges such as tight price competition and lack of knowledge in digital marketing. Therefore, the right strategy is needed, including training for MSMEs and improving the quality of digital content. Overall, e-commerce optimization has proven effective in increasing the marketing of Palembang tanjak, with the hope of collaboration between business actors, the government, and e-commerce platforms to support the development of local products.

This research aims to analyze the comprehensive proof of deeds by unauthorized organs in bankruptcy cases and the direct responsibility of Notaries of corporate organs, making deeds made by unauthorized organs of limited liability companies as evidence in bankruptcy cases, with a case study on the bankruptcy decision of PT Gusher Tarakan. This research is presented to improve the low understanding of the formal and material validity of the Authentic Deed in the process of proof in the commercial court, which has implications for the potential for injustice and legal uncertainty. This research uses a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches. The research findings reveal that the documents filed in the bankruptcy case of PT Gusher Tarakan are formally authentic deeds prepared before a Notary. However, the deeds were made by company organs that had been dismissed and no longer had legal authority. Therefore, the deeds no longer have authentic power and only have the status of deeds underhanded. The use of a Deed by an unauthorized party should not be used as a legal basis in a bankruptcy petition, and the Notary is responsible for the formal and material correctness of the contents of the Deed. This study emphasizes the importance of Notaries to verify the authority of the parties and underscores the need for caution in using authentic deeds as evidence in bankruptcy cases.
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komprehensif pembuktian akta oleh organ tidak sah dalam perkara kepailitan, dan tanggung jawab Notaris secara langsung organ perusahaan pembuat akta yang dibuat oleh organ perseroan terbatas yang tidak berwenang sebagai alat bukti dalam perkara kepailitan, dengan studi kasus pada putusan pailit PT Gusher Tarakan.  Penelitian ini hadir untuk meningkatkan rendahnya pemahaman terhadap validitas formil dan materiil akta autentik dalam proses pembuktian di pengadilan niaga, yang berimplikasi pada potensi terjadinya ketidakadilan dan ketidakpastian hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan studi kasus. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa dokumen-dokumen yang diajukan dalam perkara pailit PT Gusher Tarakan secara formal merupakan akta autentik yang disusun di hadapan Notaris. Namun, pembuatan akta-akta tersebut dilakukan oleh organ perusahaan yang telah diberhentikan dan tidak lagi memiliki otoritas hukum. Oleh karena itu, akta-akta tersebut tidak lagi memiliki kekuatan autentik dan hanya berstatus sebagai akta di bawah tangan. Penggunaan akta oleh pihak yang tidak berwenang seharusnya tidak dapat dijadikan dasar hukum dalam permohonan pailit, dan Notaris memiliki tanggung jawab atas kebenaran formil dan materiil isi akta. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya Notaris untuk melakukan verifikasi atas kewenangan para pihak dan menggarisbawahi perlunya kehati-hatian dalam menggunakan akta autentik sebagai alat bukti dalam perkara kepailitan.

Campursari music is a form of fusion between traditional Javanese music and modern music that has developed rapidly in Yogyakarta since the 1990s. This genre is a symbol of cultural acculturation through musical innovation that is able to bridge local values ​​and developments in the era. This study uses a historical research method with four stages, namely: heuristics (collecting sources), verification (criticizing sources), interpretation (interpreting the meaning of historical data), and historiography (writing history). The focus of the research is directed at the role of important figures such as Manthous and Didi Kempot in shaping and developing the characteristics of Campursari during the period 1990–2019. Manthous introduced Campursari by combining elements of gamelan and Javanese langgam, and maintaining typical musical structures such as pelog, slendro, and tembang macapat. Meanwhile, Didi Kempot presents a new color with a pop-keroncong-dangdut style that is more flexible, emotional, and popular, especially among the younger generation. The differences in the use of instruments, lyrical themes, and musical approaches show the transformation of Campursari from traditional roots to the contemporary realm. Campursari's popularity has increased through mass media and fan communities such as "Sobat Ambyar", which make this genre not only as entertainment, but also as a form of expression of cultural identity. The continuity of Manthous and Didi Kempot's work shows that Campursari is able to adapt, survive, and remain relevant in the modern Indonesian music landscape.
 

This study aims to determine the influence of financial literacy, use of investment platforms, and herding behaviour on investment decisions among Generation Z in Jabodetabek. The method used in this research is a quantitative approach through instrument testing, classical assumption testing, hypothesis testing, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 26. The accessible population in this study consists of 255 students, with a research sample of 156 students selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. The data used in this research is primary data obtained through questionnaires distributed via Google Forms. The results of the study conclude that: (1) the financial literacy variable has a positive effect on investment decisions; (2) the use of investment platform variable has a positive effect on investment decisions; (3) the herding behaviour variable has a positive effect on investment decisions; (4) the variables financial literacy, use of investment platform, and herding behaviour have a simultaneous influence on investment decisions.

This study aims to evaluate the extent to which service quality, store atmosphere, and the implementation of proactive strategies contribute to business strategy at CV MM Acing Jaya located in Pangkalpinang. This study uses a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through distributing questionnaires to 71 respondents consisting of customers and business partners of the company. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the research hypothesis consisting of three independent variables (service quality, store atmosphere, and proactive strategy) and one dependent variable (business strategy). The results showed that store atmosphere and proactive strategy had a positive and significant effect on business strategy, while service quality showed no significant effect. The findings suggest that the creation of a supportive store atmosphere and the implementation of responsive and innovative strategies are important factors in strengthening the competitiveness of ritel companies. This research provides a practical contribution for businesses in developing business strategies that are more adaptive and oriented to consumer needs.

The social identity of the Osing indigenous youth in Banyuwangi faces major challenges due to the influence of globalization that often affects local culture. This study aims to explore the role of traditional schools as a political identity space in shaping and reflecting the social identity of Osing youth. Using a qualitative approach and ethnographic methods, this study explores the experiences of youth in their involvement in the Pesinau traditional school. The findings show that traditional schools function not only as a place to preserve local cultural values, but also as a forum for building collective awareness, strengthening identity, and becoming a cultural protection from global domination. Identity as Osing youth is not obtained automatically, but is formed through a process of reflection, active participation, and negotiation of meaning in daily cultural activities. Traditional schools support the transformation of local values into adaptive contemporary expressions through the use of digital media, art, and education that are appropriate to the context. In this way, traditional schools play an important role as institutions in maintaining the continuity of cultural identity while creating innovative spaces for indigenous youth to face the challenges of the modern era.

Microfinance institutions can enhance the standard of living in villages through principles of justice, partnership, and mutual assistance. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with Islamic microfinance institution managers and beneficiaries in several rural areas. The findings indicate that Islamic microfinance has a positive impact on the economic well-being of rural communities, particularly by providing access to interest-free (riba-free) funding for small businesses, increasing household income, and strengthening the local economy. Furthermore, the presence of Islamic microfinance promotes more responsible economic behavior aligned with Islamic values. Financial education initiatives provided by the institutions also contribute to improving the financial literacy of villagers. In conclusion, Islamic microfinance serves as a vital tool in empowering rural communities through sustainable, fair, and Sharia-compliant economic development.

Disposable diapers are non-biodegradable waste that can pollute the environment. Disposable diapers contain super absorbent polymer (SAP) which has an absorption capacity of up to 1,000 times. SAP can be combined with activated carbon as a coating agent in urea slow-release fertilizer (SRF) production. This research aims to analyze the effect of urea SRF formulation (FA, FB, FC, and FD), with the combination of SAP and activated carbon, on the characteristics and nitrogen release behavior. SRF was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and Water Retention (WR) testing to determine the morphological structure, functional groups, and the ability of the sample to retain water during observation. The percentage of nitrogen release from SRF was calculated using the Kjeldahl method. The results of SEM characterization show that the thickness of the layer formed is about 63.5 µm. Different sample formulations affect the intensity of the functional groups produced. From all formulations, FD showed the highest WR and the lowest nitrogen release percentage with values of 80.2% and 20.4%, respectively. In general, it can be concluded that the combination of SAP from disposable diapers and activated carbon can be used as a coating agent in SRF production.