Briquettes are a type of alternative energy whose raw material source Plastic waste is an environmental problem faced by the people of Indonesia and the world. On the other hand, the production of waste generated in various institutions and sectors in Indonesia continues to increase every year, including the industrial sector whose production process is large-scale. Its use as a basic material for packaging bottles reaches 30% of world use. PET is also used as a synthetic fiber or polyester which accounts for 60% of world use. Study the author will do that is to make a tubing made from PET plastic waste that can be used as raw material for tubing. Using temperature variations (190?, 200?, 210?), then 9 samples from each variation will be micro-photographed the effect of temperature on tubing results and tested for maximum tensile. After that, calculations are carried out to obtain the maximum tensile stress and strain values. Then the average maximum load value that can be received by PET tubing is highest at 190ºC temperature tubing has the ability to withstand tensile strength better than all temperature variations so that the average value is 35.94 N/mm2 and 200ºC is able to withstand 35.49 N/mm2 and 210ºC with 18.30 N/mm2. It can be interpreted that the higher the temperature, the effect on holding the tensile strength of the PET tubing and making the plastic structure change so that 210oC is close to the recycling value, while for temperatures below it is still non-recycled.

Demand for additional electric power increases as electricity demand increases, but the process is often hampered by obstacles in the operational workflow. The main objective of this research is to analyze operational risks in kWh addition services using the Root Cause Analysis (RCA) method using the 5 Why technique and fishbone diagram. The RCA method equipped with a fishbone diagram will produce a mapping of the causes of operational risk obstacles in the PT XYZ kWh addition service in a structured manner. In the process, the author identifies and analyzes the various risks faced, and proposes improvements aimed at improving service quality. Based on the results of the research analysis, there are two operational risks related to kWh addition, namely: the migration process of postpaid kWh meters to prepaid meters and the use of electricity by customers who exceed the contracted power. The conclusion shows that most of the operational risks come from customer behavior. Proposed improvements include increasing the frequency of inspections, proactive planning for power additions, and transparency of information to customers. The results of this report are expected to make a positive contribution to operational risk management at PT XYZ and improve customer satisfaction.

Divorce is a global phenomenon with significant implications for children's rights. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the fulfillment of children's rights after divorce in five countries with different legal systems: Qatar, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Jordan. The research employs a normative juridical method with a comparative legal research approach through literature review and legal document analysis. The findings reveal that each country has a unique mechanism for ensuring children's rights after divorce. Diverse legal systems—ranging from common law, civil law, to Islamic law—lead to variations in approaches to ensuring custody, care, and protection for children. The study identifies four critical dimensions in fulfilling children's rights: the right to survival and development, the right to protection, the right to education, and the right to participation. The comparative analysis highlights that cultural factors, legal systems, and political commitment play a fundamental role in determining the effectiveness of child rights protection after divorce. Key recommendations of this study include the need for regulatory harmonization, strengthening enforcement mechanisms, and developing sustainable monitoring systems. This research provides theoretical and practical contributions to understanding the complexity of fulfilling children's rights across global legal systems.

Research on Feasibility Analysis of the Etawa Peranakan Goat Milk Production Business (PE) at Tharraya Farm in Geli Village, Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency aims to analyze the income of the goat milk (PE) production business at Tharraya Farm and analyze the feasibility of the goat milk production business (PE) in Tharraya Farm. The research area was determined purposively, namely based on certain criteria or objectives, taking into account that the Etawa goat milk industry in the area could provide the information needed in the research. Data analysis techniques used were I=TR-TC. The results of this research obtained an income of IDR 72,240,000 / year. Receipts amounting to Rp. 176,526,000 a year and total costs of 104,286,000. The livestock business is profitable and feasible to develop with an R/C of 1.69, ?>0, while the percentage ratio of ?/C x 100% is 60%. The Etawa Peranakan goat milk business at Therraya Farm is profitable and worthy of development

According to the term, waqf is the holding of assets whose benefits are taken without being destroyed immediately for permissible use and is intended to obtain the blessing of Allah SWT. This study aims to analyze the management of waqf at the Indonesian Waqf Tabung institution in the waqf fund model and the programs implemented with benefits to various fields. This research uses qualitative research methods. The data used consists of primary data and secondary data obtained through observation and pre-existing literature or research. The research results show that the waqf management at Tabung Waqf Indonesia is in accordance with Islamic law, can run programs well and is invested in various forms of business with surplus proceeds being used for social programs, and the management of the waqf has had positive implications in improving the community's economy. This research contributes to the development of studies related to waqf management at the Indonesian Tabung Waqf institution in the waqf fund model and the programs implemented with a more detailed explanation along with their relationship to benefits in the fields of health, education, economics and social development.

The implementation of AI in the criminal justice system can enhance efficiency, transparency, and fairness in legal decision-making by efficiently managing information and providing legal considerations based on objective data. In Indonesia, although the Supreme Court has initiated technology-based innovations such as e-Court and Smart Majelis and is considering the concept of AI Judges, technical, legal, and ethical challenges must still be carefully addressed. The application of AI must take into account the specific aspects of Indonesia's legal system, ensure algorithmic transparency, and protect human rights. This research employs a doctrinal (normative) legal approach, utilizing legal materials including primary, secondary, and tertiary sources. The approaches used are the conceptual approach, comparative approach, and futuristic approach. The nature of the research is descriptive-prescriptive, and the data analysis method employed is content analysis. The results of the research indicate that the application of AI in Indonesia’s judiciary has significant potential to improve efficiency and justice, but must be done cautiously and wisely. AI should be used as a supportive tool for human judges, rather than fully replacing them. The concept of AI Judges, where AI plays a role in legal decision-making, must be accompanied by regulations that ensure transparency, accountability, and the protection of human rights. With a careful and ethical approach, AI can be a significant innovation in the judicial system, helping to achieve faster, simpler, and more efficient justice in line with the fundamental legal principles of Indonesia and the values of Pancasila.

Based on Article 351 (Paragraph 1) of the Criminal Code on ordinary persecution where in this article persecution is divided into three parts, namely ordinary, mild and severe persecution as in the case that I took to make this thesis with case number 2/Pid.B/2019/PN. In this case, the panel of judges sentenced the perpetrator of persecution to 10 months imprisonment, while the sentence that should have been imposed on the perpetrator of ordinary persecution was 2 years and 8 months by considering various kinds of evidence and factors of persecution, This study aims to analyze cases of persecution that refer to Article 351 of the Criminal Code (KUHP) in Indonesia.  In this analysis, we identify the elements necessary to determine whether an act can be classified as maltreatment under Article 351 of the Criminal Code.  This research involves a case study and analysis of the Depok district court decision, as well as referring to applicable laws and regulations.  The results of this analysis may provide a better understanding of the application of Article 351 of the Criminal Code in cases of maltreatment and its implications for the criminal justice system in Indonesia.
 
Keywords: Maltreatment under Article 351 of the Penal Code

Seed plants or spermatophytes are divided into two, namely angiosperms (open seed plants) and gymnosperms (closed seed plants). These seeds are a means of generative development of spermatophytes. This research aims to observe the internal structure of the reproductive organs of seed plants and observe the phases of embryo development in seed plants.  The method used is observing the structure of internal plant organs and is supported by literature studies related to the research carried out. The objects of this research are lilies (Hippeastrum sp.), pine (Pinus merkusii), and preserved corn (Zea mays).

This research aims to analyze the types of errors made by fifth grade elementary school students in solving mathematical problems. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. The research subjects were 25 students who were selected based on the criteria of various academic abilities and difficulties in problem solving. Data was collected through mathematical problem solving tests, semi-structured interviews, and observations. The research results showed that students' errors in solving mathematical problems were divided into three types, namely: conceptual errors (44%), procedural errors (36%), and calculation errors (20%). Conceptual errors occur due to students' lack of understanding of basic mathematical principles, such as fractional number operations. Procedural errors are caused by students' ignorance in determining systematic steps to solve problems. Meanwhile, calculation errors arise due to students' low accuracy and concentration. This research recommends using a problem-based learning approach and interactive media to increase students' understanding of concepts. Apart from that, providing varied practice questions and feedback can help students correct their mistakes. Thus, students' mathematical problem solving abilities are expected to increase significantly.

The IoT (Internet of Things) and Digital Transformation - Skill For All (SFA) training for vocational school teachers in Kulon Progo is an information technology training program. The SFA training addresses the skills gap by offering knowledge and skills necessary to work with IoT devices using IoT Kits from the Network Technology and Application lab, which is evolving in the digital transformation era. This training provides a solid foundation for managing IoT devices, which are highly relevant to today's industry needs. Configuring, managing, and programming IoT devices is essential in the digital age. By participating in this training, vocational school teachers in Kulon Progo can acquire practical skills directly applicable to their curriculum, helping students understand IoT concepts more deeply and practically. The IoT (Internet of Things) and Digital Transformation - Skill For All (SFA) training is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of networking basics and how to configure and manage IoT Kits devices