This paper examines the military cooperation between Brunei Darussalam and the United Kingdom, as well as its impact on regional stability in Southeast Asia, focusing on Brunei's non-alignment strategy as a small state. Using a descriptive analytic method based on a literature review, this paper explores descriptive data on the dynamics of Brunei's foreign policy strategy in building bilateral relations, the role of the UK post-Brexit through the Global Britain strategy in strengthening bilateral relations with ASEAN member countries, and the implementation of Brunei and British military cooperation in maintaining regional security stability through the presence of British Forces Brunei since 1963. This is supported by historical ties and the Garrison Agreement to strengthen the security of the country and the region without confrontation. Therefore, this paper shows that Brunei has managed to balance military cooperation with the UK and economic cooperation with China in the midst of great power rivalries and tensions over the South China Sea dispute, as well as its implications for regional stability.

This study explores the strategies and effectiveness of the recovery of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Medan City following the COVID-19 pandemic. By reviewing recent scholarly articles, it examines the roles of government policies, digital transformation, product diversification, and multi-stakeholder collaboration in supporting MSME sustainability. The review findings show that economic stimulus policies such as cash assistance, credit relaxation, and digital training significantly impact the resilience and growth of MSMEs. Moreover, MSMEs' adaptation to technology and the role of communities further strengthen local economic resilience. This study contributes to the literature on regional economic recovery and serves as a foundation for data-driven policy-making.

This study explores the management strategy of Sikkola Rakyat to increase student engagement in learning. Important issues related to student participation in Sikkola Rakyat are discussed, and an innovative model for an inclusive participatory management system is proposed. It is hoped that this model can make a major contribution to improving the quality of education by empowering students, strengthening community collaboration, and creating a more effective and sustainable learning atmosphere. The approach used in this study is qualitative with the Miles and Huberman model. Data collection techniques include observation and interviews. Observations were carried out directly at Sikkola Rakyat to see how education management takes place. Interviews were conducted with the Head of Education Division at Sikkola Rakyat and the Partnership Manager at Sikkola Rakyat Pusat at the Jalur Hijau learning house. The research findings indicate that Sikkola Rakyat implements student-focused learning strategies, including interactive methods, ice breaking, and giving small awards to motivate children. The decision-making process is internal but remains open to feedback from the community. Teaching methods are adjusted to the age of the child, and teaching materials are adapted according to the abilities of the students. Volunteers are trained through regular micro teaching as well as social observation and analysis stages. Although the facilities are limited, the learning atmosphere remains fun by using games, quizzes, prizes, and casual discussions. There are positive changes in children after they join Sikkola Rakyat, such as the implementation of the "3 magic words." Cooperation with the community and parents needs to be further strengthened. Overall, Sikkola Rakyat has successfully implemented participatory, responsive, and sustainable education strategies, as well as integrating learning, human resource development (volunteers), and community empowerment synergistically.

Study English to 6th grade students of Suralaya Primary School. Data collection uses questionnaires or questionnaires that are loaded with indicators of the influence of gadgets and learning interests. The sample in the study was 40 students, in class VI of Suralaya Primary School. The Research Method that researchers choose is Quantitative, with questionnaires to 40 students. From the results of the study, it was found that as many as 98% of students increased their interest in learning English and 2% of students remained. Gadgets have a positive impact for Suralaya's 6th grade students, including facilitating communication, serving as a means of entertainment, increasing comfort in learning, and expanding knowledge. To reduce the negative impact of using gadgets, parents need to have an understanding of them, provide instructions, give explanations, give advice to children, as well as limit the duration of use of the device by children.

Bandung, as a primary tourist destination in Indonesia, offers diverse attractions including nature, culture, and distinctive local cuisine. The increasing number of visitors necessitates practical and engaging information media to assist them in planning their trips effectively. This project aimed to design a comprehensive booklet serving as a guide to Bandung's tourism and culinary delights, specifically for guests staying at Favehotel Hyper Square Bandung, which previously lacked such a dedicated digital or physical resource. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) methodology, this project adapted a development model encompassing several stages: identifying potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, and final revision. To assess the developed booklet's feasibility and effectiveness, an evaluation was conducted through questionnaires distributed to respondents. The data from these questionnaires were then analyzed using a quantitative descriptive analysis method, calculating the average scores for each statement. The project's findings indicate that the booklet received positive responses from respondents, with high average scores across its content, visual presentation, and ease of use. Consequently, this booklet is deemed suitable for use as an information and promotional tool for tourism within the Favehotel Hyper Square Bandung environment.

Employing a qualitative methodology that integrated video content analysis and interviews with both the curator and viewers of the YouTube channel @hippiearab, this research aims to elucidate the distinctive narrative approach utilized in the propagation of religious tenets. The central discovery of this inquiry highlights that a direct, relatable to daily life, and captivating storytelling mode simplifies the comprehension of religious doctrines for the audience. Furthermore, the application of everyday language within the content has demonstrated its efficacy in forging a robust emotional bond between the content creator and the video recipients. This study underscores the pivotal role of online media, notably YouTube, as an influential tool for instilling spiritual values in younger generations within the context of their ordinary existence.

This study investigates how teaching methods affect students' willingness to learn. Students' interest and engagement in the learning process can be enhanced by effective teaching methods. Different teaching philosophies, including collaborative, inventive, interactive, and authoritative, have varying effects on students' willingness to learn. To achieve the best learning outcomes, it is necessary to choose a teaching style that suits the needs and characteristics of students. In this study, a qualitative approach was used to analyze students' perceptions of various teaching styles in the classroom environment. The results showed that interactive and collaborative methods tend to increase learning motivation more than the one-way authoritative style. In addition, teacher emotional involvement, the use of interesting learning media, and a conducive classroom atmosphere also contribute greatly to shaping students' learning interests. These findings are expected to be a reference in designing more adaptive and effective teaching strategies.

The purpose of this study was to improve students' learning outcomes in the Indonesian language subject through the application of the Student Facilitator and Explaining model on the One Point material. The factors underlying this study were learning problems experienced by students such as low Indonesian language learning outcomes below the KKTP standard. The research approach used was classroom action research conducted in 2 cycles where each cycle was carried out in 2 meetings. The results of the study showed that there was an increase in student learning outcomes as seen from the tests obtained from cycle I and cycle II. The results of the cycle I evaluation test with a percentage of learning outcomes of 50% and increased in cycle II with a percentage of learning outcomes of 88%. Based on the results of the evaluation of cycles I and II and the reflections that have been carried out, it can be concluded that by implementing the student facilitator and explaining learning model in the Indonesian language subject of class IV A SD Aisyiyah Muhammadiyah 3 Makassar, it can improve student learning outcomes.

This study explores the educational values ??and internal and external musical elements contained in Randai art, one of the traditional performing arts typical of Minangkabau. Randai art not only functions as entertainment, but also as a medium for learning social, cultural, and moral values ??for the community. This study uses a literature review approach and the initial step taken is to conduct a comprehensive literature review of educational values ??and internal and external music in Randai art. The results of the study show that educational values ??in Randai include teachings about togetherness, leadership, respect for customs, and social ethics. Meanwhile, internal music in Randai consists of traditional instruments such as saluang, gendang, and talempong which are integrated with dialogue and silat movements. External music plays a role in supporting the dramatic atmosphere and conveying moral messages to the audience.

Drug packaging not only serves as a protective barrier for pharmaceutical products but also functions as a strategic element in conveying information and ensuring consumer rights. This study is a literature review of five journals that discuss packaging innovation, legal aspects of labeling, consumer protection, and packaging design from both technological and regulatory perspectives. The aim of this study is to compare the dimensions of innovation, information, and protection in drug packaging. A narrative review method with a qualitative descriptive approach was used. The results show that innovations such as the use of adsorbent plastic and efficiency in packaging systems significantly affect product stability and production speed. Meanwhile, the inclusion of composition details and halal labeling on packaging serves as a form of consumer protection from health risks and rights violations. It is concluded that a multidimensional approach to drug packaging is essential in creating a pharmaceutical distribution system that is efficient, safe, and ethical.