A company's human resource potential is basically one of the important capital and plays the most important role in achieving company goals. In producing good performance, leadership style, work environment and work motivation are a big influence for PT. Sentral Bra Makmur. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leadership style, work environment and motivation on the performance of employees of PT Sentral Bra Makmur in Bogor. This research is in the form of quantitative and qualitative research with data sources from primary data. The technique of sampling used accendintal sampling method with a sample of 100 respondents. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis, t test, F test and coefficient of determination (R2) test. The results showed that leadership style had a significant effect on the performance of employees of PT Sentral Bra Makmur, the work environment had an insignificant effect on the performance of employees of PT Sentral Bra Makmur and work motivation had an insignificant effect on the performance of employees of PT Sentral Bra Makmur.
 
 

This article aims to conduct a systematic literature review of empirical and theoretical studies of the last five years (2020–2024) that discuss the relationship between financial performance and company value in various countries. The study summarizes the most commonly used financial performance indicators, such as ROA, ROE, EPS, and NPM, and evaluates their contribution to a company's value. In addition, this article analyzes the consistency and variation of research results based on methodology, geographic location, industry type, and theoretical approaches such as signal theory, agency, and stakeholders. The literature selection process is carried out through reputable databases (Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest) with certain inclusion criteria. The results of the review show that internal factors such as CSR, ESG, green innovation, and risk management generally have a positive effect on the company's performance and value, depending on the context of implementation. This article is expected to be a critical and useful reference for future researchers in developing similar studies.

Christian religious education in schools has an important role in forming students' morals. This subject not only focuses on teaching religious doctrine, but also on forming character, ethical values, and attitudes that are in accordance with Christian teachings. In the context of formal education, Christian religious education functions as a means of instilling moral values such as honesty, responsibility, love and tolerance. This research aims to analyze how the implementation of Christian Religious Education in schools can influence students' moral formation, as well as the factors that support and hinder this process. The research method used is a qualitative approach with interviews, observation and document analysis as data collection techniques. The research results show that Christian religious education delivered with a contextual approach and relevant to students' lives can have a positive impact on their moral formation. Apart from that, the involvement of teachers who have good moral integrity and creative teaching methods is a determining factor for success. Thus, Christian religious education in schools has a strategic role in creating a young generation who have morals, character, and are able to live according to Christian principles amidst the challenges of the times.
 
 

Does the presence of Facebook social media make changes in interactions, which are usually active housewives gossiping (light discussions) on the porch of the house, after the presence of Facebook social media, housewives choose to interact online rather than face to face. This research was conducted in Partali Toruan Village using qualitative research methods and informants who became informants were housewives in Partali Toruan Village. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews, documentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that Facebook has an impact on changes in interaction patterns in mothers in Partali Toruan Village, North Tapanuli Regency and these changes are planned changes or come from one's own will. Meanwhile, the conclusions based on the researcher's sub-problems are as follows: Most of the core of the negative impact of Facebook on changes in interaction patterns with family and the Partali Toruan community environment on mothers in Partali Toruan Village, North Tapanuli Regency is making Facebook social media a money field, namely by selling online, and eliminating boredom. Facebook has a negative impact if its users misuse Facebook as a life regulator.

Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains nutrients and bioactive compounds with potential application in health, including antimicrobial properties. To date, the application of fermentation to black rice to enhance its bioactivity, particularly as an antimicrobial, remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of solid fermented black rice against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Black rice was fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae under solid-state conditions. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the well diffusion test method, agar dilution, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fermented black rice extract showed antimicrobial activity against all tested microbes. The minimum inhibitory value obtained was 20% against all microbes, but the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) could not be determined. The SEM analysis showed morphological changes in microbes exposed to fermented black rice extract, including cell shrinkage, elongation, and lysis in Bacillus cereus, fragmentation and irregular cell shape in Escherichia coli, cell size reduction in Staphylococcus aureus, and bleb formation in Candida albicans. These changes indicate the mechanism of microbial growth inhibition. We found that fermented black rice (EFBR) extracts produce different effects from unfermented black rice extracts (EUBR), which tend to induce biofilm formation. We propose that EFBR functions as an antimicrobial by rupturing cell walls, preventing cell division and DNA synthesis. This research provides new insights into natural antimicrobial mechanisms at the cellular level and offers a potential alternative for addressing antimicrobial resistance. Solid fermented black rice may serve as a valuable source of antimicrobial compounds for developing health products or natural preservatives.

The local government requires funds to carry out regional development and operational expenses. One of the revenue sources for the Mojokerto City Government is the sanitation service levy. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the security and enhancement of this revenue, one of which is through internal control of tax collectors. This study employs a qualitative research method with an approach based on five components: control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring, as outlined in Government Regulation No. 60 of 2008. This research was conducted due to the observed decline in the percentage of regional levy revenue in the Local Revenue (PAD) of Mojokerto City. The findings indicate that key stakeholders involved in levy collection are not fully aware of the fundamental procedures for tax collection. Additionally, there is no clear Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for tax collectors, nor is there a mayoral regulation governing the collection of sanitation service levies by tax collectors. Nevertheless, internal control over tax collectors has been implemented effectively, although it primarily relies on the procedures established by the revenue treasurer. This implies that while formal procedures have not yet been clearly defined, the implementation aligns with the principles of Government Regulation No. 60 of 2008.

This study aims to analyze the difficulties faced by teachers in utilizing digital media for teaching the Sun, Moon, and Earth concepts in English at primary schools. The research employs a qualitative approach through case studies conducted at SDN 060842 Sekip Medan. Findings reveal that limited facilities, lack of teacher proficiency in technology, and distractions during lessons are significant challenges. Despite these hurdles, the use of digital media is crucial for enhancing students' understanding of abstract concepts, as it provides interactive learning opportunities. The study proposes several solutions, including training sessions for teachers and increasing access to technological resources, to improve the integration of digital media into classroom instruction.

This study aims to describe the characteristics of performance assessment variables, leadership style, OCB, and employee engagement, and analyze their influence on each other at KPP Pratama Malang Selatan. Specifically, this study examines the influence of performance assessment on employee engagement, leadership style on employee engagement, employee engagement on OCB, and the relationship between performance assessment and leadership style on OCB both directly and through employee engagement. This study is explanatory with data collection using a survey. The population of the study was 91 employees, but the sample used was 80 State Civil Apparatus (ASN) who did not carry out leadership functions at KPP Pratama Malang Selatan. The data were analyzed using path analysis with the help of the WarpPLS 6.0 program. The results of the study indicate that: (1) performance assessment has a significant effect on employee engagement; (2) leadership style has a significant effect on employee engagement; (3) employee engagement has a significant effect on OCB; (4) performance assessment has a significant effect on OCB; (5) leadership style has a significant effect on OCB; (6) performance assessment has a significant effect on OCB through employee engagement; (7) leadership style has a significant effect on OCB through employee engagement. Based on these findings, it is recommended that KPP Pratama Malang Selatan continue to improve performance assessment and leadership style to strengthen employee engagement and OCB.

This study examines the principal's role in enhancing teacher performance at MI Sunan Ampel Curahsawo Gending, Probolinggo Regency, and explores the strategies used and their impact. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The principal, acting as a supervisor, evaluator, and educator, implements strategies such as fostering a sense of belonging, collaborating with external organizations for training, providing motivation, and improving teacher welfare. Additional strategies include issuing clear directives, offering constructive feedback, accepting suggestions, and promoting group discipline. These efforts lead to better lesson planning, diverse teaching methods, a conducive classroom environment, and effective instructional media use. It is recommended that principals continue enhancing leadership quality and motivational strategies to optimize teacher performance.

Human Resources (HR) are a crucial asset for companies and must be effectively managed and developed to maximize performance and achieve the company’s objectives. In this study, the focus is on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), which undeniably play a vital role as the backbone of the national economy. This research aims to analyze the impact of empowerment, entrepreneurship, and self-efficacy on employee productivity in SMEs, specifically in Batik Tulis SMEs in Malang Raya. Additionally, the study seeks to identify the most dominant factor among these three variables in influencing employee productivity. The research employs multiple linear regression analysis, with data collected through questionnaires from 102 respondents selected using a census method. The findings indicate that empowerment, entrepreneurship, and self-efficacy have significant simultaneous and partial effects on employee productivity. However, self-efficacy was found to be the most dominant factor affecting employee productivity, contrary to the initial hypothesis that identified empowerment as the dominant variable. The novelty of this study lies in its discovery that self-efficacy has a significant influence on employee productivity.