Indonesian language instruction in elementary schools aims to improve students' oral and written communication. Indonesian serves as a primary tool for students to hone their language skills correctly and effectively. Reading skills in elementary school are divided into two phases: initial reading (lower grades) and further reading (upper grades). Initial reading skills influence students' readiness before entering the next learning stage. However, second-grade elementary school students often face difficulties in developing initial reading and writing skills. Factors such as socio-economic background, gender, and teaching methods used by teachers can affect the success of literacy programs. By considering these factors, we can improve students' literacy skills at the beginning level.

Marketing mix ??used achieve marketing goals. Using a qualitative research method, a descriptive approach. The findings show that the implementation of the marketing mix increases the sales volume at the Kita Family Building Store, namely in terms of products it still focuses on building equipment such as cement, sand, bricks, etc. Marketing it using media is very simple and according to the Islamic Economics Perspective, the implementation of the marketing mix for the Our Family Building Store seems to be in accordance with Islamic marketing. To a large extent, the concept of Islamic marketing is in accordance, namely in terms of products, always being honest and prioritizing product quality. In terms of price, set the price according to the quality of the product. then in terms of promotion, always emphasize ethics in business, don't cheat, don't sell products that are forbidden by religion, never force consumers to buy their product.

Manufacturing companies are working hard to maximize the use of their information technology, especially on Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, in today's sophisticated, competitive, and technology-driven environment. By leveraging a central database and operating in a consistent system environment, ERP systems unify all company activities. This integrated system can combine information from multiple departments to make decision making easier and better suited to the internal and external needs of the business. The choice of an ERP system is an important investment intended to improve the financial, strategic and profitable performance of a company. This study clarifies the key factor of success faced by manufacturing companies while utilizing ERP software.

Management Information Systems (MIS) are an integral part of modern enterprise operations. This article discusses the application of SIM in improving company efficiency. This research uses a qualitative approach to analyze how SIM can optimize management processes, decision making, and operational control. The results show that effective implementation of SIM can help companies to increase productivity, reduce operational costs, and improve customer satisfaction. In addition, this article also discusses the challenges and barriers that may be faced in SIM implementation as well as strategies to overcome them.

This research aims to analyze the difficulties of fourth grade students at SDN Mekarjaya 14 in solving mathematics story problems. This research uses qualitative research with an inductive method. This research aims to gain knowledge based on correct and reliable data and facts about students' mathematics learning difficulties in the form of story problems. The research instrument used was observation of test questions in the form of stories. The technique for checking the validity of the data is using triangulation. Based on the results of observations, there were still many respondents who made mistakes in working on the questions, including mistakes in changing story questions into mathematical sentences and using arithmetic operations. In general, students have difficulty working on story problems which are presented in the form of story problems. Apart from that, respondents also did not master multiplying results up to 100. In accordance with findings in the field, it can be concluded that there were difficulties experienced by respondents, including difficulties in understanding concepts and material,master and use arithmetic operations, for example multiplication and division. Meanwhile, the factors that caused respondents to experience difficulty learning mixed arithmetic operations included their lack of mastery of the concepts of multiplication and division, and the lack of time provided by respondents to repeat lessons at home.
 
 

This study aims to determine whether unemployment affects criminality in Bekasi City through a literature study approach. Unemployment is often considered as one of the main factors driving crime, as economic limitations can force individuals to commit criminal acts as a means of survival. This study collected and reviewed various previous studies, including journal articles, research reports, and relevant statistical data, to explore the relationship between unemployment and crime. The results of the literature review show that unemployment is not the only cause of crime. Rather, there are other factors that influence crime rates, such as education, socio-economic conditions, and local government policies. The findings are expected to provide insights or a deeper understanding of the social dynamics that influence criminality

Inventory is the process of collecting and compiling information and data about natural resources, which can be used as a reference for introducing plant types in the research area. This research was carried out in the Inclusive Park, a park intended for people with special needs, which is also decorated with several types of plants whose types are not yet known. This research aims to determine the types of the Araceae and Marantaceae families that live in the Bandung City Inclusive Park, which has never been done before, so it was deemed necessary to obtain data about this family. The Araceae and Marantaceae families are herbaceous plants that are widely used as ornamental and medicinal plants. The data collection method was carried out directly using an exploratory method and identifying plants at the location using the PlantNet Identification application. The results of the observations obtained 5 types of plants from the Araceae family and 4 types of plants from the Marantaceae family.

Harmonizing the obligations and rights of the state with citizens in Indonesian democracy is important to achieve a harmonious balance between rights and obligations. The obligations and rights of citizens are regulated in the 1945 Constitution and other statutory regulations. In a democracy, citizens have rights and obligations that must be carried out responsibly. Citizens’ obligations include involvement in the democratic process, self-development and service to the country. Citizens’ rights include human rights and the rights guaranteed in the 1945 Constitution. Harmonization of citizens’ obligations and rights can be achieved through character education and citizens’ awareness of their rights and obligations.
 

Praktik uang panai, yang telah menjadi bagian dari tradisi di beberapa masyarakat, mengundang perdebatan yang menarik dalam konteks hukum Islam. Uang panai merupakan pembayaran sejumlah uang atau barang kepada pihak perempuan sebagai syarat untuk pernikahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan hukum Islam tentang Uang Panai dalam perkawinan adat Bugis. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, masyarakat Bugis, menganggap "Uang Panai" sebagai tradisi penting dalam perkawinan adat mereka. Meskipun Islam tidak mengatur secara spesifik mengenai Uang Panai, namun memberikan kebebasan (mubah). Agama Islam tidak melarang pemberian Uang Panai dalam tradisi perkawinan adat Bugis walaupun nilai dari uang panai tersebut tinggi karena tidak ada dalil yang menunjukkan hal tersebut. Yang terpenting, pemberian Uang Panai tidak boleh melanggar prinsip-prinsip Islam, tidak ada unsur keterpaksaan, sesuai kemampuan dan kesanggupan pihak laki-laki. Dengan demikian, dalam perspektif Islam, uang panai bukan hanya merupakan kewajiban materi, tetapi juga simbol dari tanggung jawab dan penghargaan dalam hubungan pernikahan yang seimbang dan saling menghormati.

This research aims to analyze how a manager makes decisions regarding employee behavior in a company.  This research uses a qualitative approach with library research methods. The data used is secondary data using sources from books, journal articles, websites and other trusted sources. The data analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis. The research results show that managers and employees must always work together to achieve new goals and contribute to the company. A professional manager will bring success to a company. conversely, if a manager does not understand his job duties and requirements and is unable to complete them, the company will suffer and may experience failure, which will be detrimental to employees or subordinates.